Relationship between social support and self-perceived burden in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an analysis of chain-mediated effects.

OBJECTIVE: To estigate the relationship between social support, self-efficacy, coping style, and self-perceived burden and the mechanisms that underlie the action in Chinese OSA patients. METHODS: Between October 2022 and June 2023,316 OSA patients from two hospitals were surveyed. Data were collected using the General Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-Efficacy for Chronic Disease Scale (SECD6), and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation. Regression analysis was performed using multiple linear regression analysis. The mediation effect analysis was performed using the Process macro (version 3.4.1) in SPSS. RESULTS: (1)This study confirmed that social support, self-efficacy, and coping styles had significant negative predictions regarding self-perceived burden. (2)The influence of social support on self-perceived burden in OSA patients is mainly through three indirect effects: single mediation effect of self-efficacy and coping style and interlocking mediation effect of self-efficacy→coping style. CONCLUSION: Social support can indirectly predict self-efficacy in OSA patients through the single mediation effect of self-efficacy and coping style and indirectly predict the self-perception burden in OSA patients through the linked mediation effects of self-efficacy and coping style.

Application effect of behavioral cognition combined with psychological intervention on orthodontic patients: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

To explore the application effect of behavioral cognition combined with psychological intervention in orthodontic patients, so as to provide new ideas for clinical nursing of orthodontic patients. The 70 patients with orthodontic treatment were divided into 2 groups: the control group and the nursing group. Control group received routine clinical intervention, was treated with the normal clinical intervention, while nursing group was treated with behavior cognition and psychology intervention. The orthodontic effects of the 2 groups were evaluated, and the mental state, health behavior, gum swelling and pain were compared between the 2 groups before and after care. The cure rate of orthodontic treatment in the nursing group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .05). At 12 months after intervention, the nursing group scored lower than the control group on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale (P < .05), and the score of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-II was higher than that in the control group (P < .05). After intervention, the degree of gum swelling and pain in 2 group were notably relieved, and the alleviation degree of nursing group was better than that of control group (P < .05). Compared with normal clinical intervention, the behavioral cognition combined with psychological intervention have obvious improvement in mental state and health behavior of orthodontic patients, and can reduce the symptoms of gum swelling and pain, promote the recovery of gum, showing high clinical application value in improving the gingival health of patients.

Assessment of alterations in the retina and vitreous in pre- and post-COVID-19 patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography and angiography: A comparative study.

Ocular manifestations have been well recognized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Several studies have detected ocular manifestations in patients after COVID-19. However, little is known about the retinal and vitreal alterations in patients before and after COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to investigate the retinal and vitreal alterations in patients before and after contracting COVID-19 infection using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and angiography (SS-OCTA). A total of 38 participants (76 eyes) were enrolled and followed-up 1 month after COVID-19 infection. Then, 26 patients (52 eyes) were evaluated 3 months after COVID-19 infection. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 status, patients with 1- and 3-month post-COVID-19 statuses had significant thinning of ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer, thickening of inner nuclear layer, a decrease in the vessel density (VD) of superficial vascular complex, and an increase in the VD of deep vascular complex. Meanwhile, alteration in parameters of foveal avascular zone (all p < 0.05) and hyper-reflective dots in the vitreous of 27 patients (54 eyes) (71.1% vs. pre-COVID-19, 34.2%, p = 0.006) were observed. These findings suggest significantly retinal and vitreal alterations occurred in patients after COVID-19 infection, possibly due to direct or indirect virus-induced injuries. Further longitudinal studies are required to investigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on the human eyes.

Assessment of Outer Retina and Choroid Using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), both structure and microvasculature alterations in the inner retina have been investigated in several studies. However, little is known about the alterations in the outer retina and choroid. Hence, this study aimed to assess the outer retinal and choroidal changes in patients with MS with no history of optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: Patients with MS and healthy control participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Quantitative analyses were performed using swept source optical coherence tomography and swept source optical coherence tomography angiography images to assess outer retina thickness (ORT) and choroid thickness (CT), vessel density (VD) of choriocapillaris, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI), which were then compared between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 37 participants with MS (72 eyes) and 74 healthy control participants (148 eyes) were included in this study. Compared with healthy controls, patients with MS with no history of ON showed reduced VD of the choriocapillaris and CVI. There was no significant difference in ORT and CT between 2 groups. Meanwhile, in patients with MS, no correlation between OCTA parameters and expanded disability status scale score were found in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that patients with MS with no history of optical neuritis have reduced choriocapillaris vessel density and decreased choroidal vascularity index without detectable alteration in outer retina thickness and choroid thickness. The findings complement the outer retinal and choroidal component of MS, providing deeper insight into the pathophysiology of MS.

Hemorrhagic Transformation Assessment Based on Dual Energy CT of Immediately and Twenty-Four Hours after Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Dual-energy CT (DECT) shows good performance in differentiating hemorrhage from contrast staining (CS). However, no guidelines have standardized the post-endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) examination time. We evaluated the value of performing DECT immediately and 24 h post-EVT in the diagnosis and prediction of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). METHODS: Two readers evaluated simulated conventional CT (sCCT) images compared with a second reading with DECT, establishing the diagnosis of HT immediately and 24 h post-EVT. Another reader's diagnosis 2-7 days post-EVT using non-contrast CT was identified as the final diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: DECT performed immediately and 24 h post-EVT changed 22.4% (52/232) and 12.5% (29/232) of sCCT-based HT diagnoses, respectively (χ2 = 10.7, p < 0.05). The sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of DECT performed immediately post-EVT for predicting the final diagnosis of HT were 33.6%, 58.9%, and 65.9%, respectively, whereas those for DECT performed 24 h post-EVT were 82.4%, 84.3%, and 90.9%, respectively (χ2 = 58.0, χ2 = 42.9, χ2 = 13.6; p < 0.05). The specificity and positive predictive value were both 100.0%. Delayed HT occurred in 50.0% (78/156) and 42.2% (19/45) of patients with CS diagnosed immediately and 24 h post-EVT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DECT performed immediately post-EVT changed a greater proportion of real-time HT diagnoses, whereas that performed 24 h post-EVT had higher sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy in predicting the final diagnosis of HT. A substantial proportion of patients with CS diagnosed at these two post-EVT timepoints subsequently developed delayed HT.

The trends in death of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies worldwide: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and implications for liver cancer management.

BACKGROUND: Over past decades, epidemiological patterns of liver cancer (LC) have changed dramatically. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study provides an opportunity for tracking the progress in cancer control with its annual updated reports at national, regional and global level, which can facilitate the health decision-making and the allocation of health resources. Therefore, we aim to estimate the global, regional and national trends of death caused by liver cancer due to specific etiologies and attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected from the GBD study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were used to quantify the trends of age-standardized death rate (ASDR). We applied a linear regression for the calculation of estimated annual percentage change in ASDR. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the ASDR of liver cancer decreased globally (EAPC = - 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: - 2.61 to - 1.84). Meanwhile, declining trends were observed in both sexes, socio-demographic index (SDI) areas, and geographies, particularly East Asia (EAPC = - 4.98, 95% CI: - 5.73 to - 4.22). The ASDR for each of the four major etiologies fell globally, while liver cancer caused by hepatitis B had the largest drop (EPAC = - 3.46, 95% CI: - 4.01 to - 2.89). China has had dramatic decreases in death rates on a national scale, particularly when it comes to the hepatitis B etiology (EAPC = - 5.17, 95% CI: - 5.96 to - 4.37). However, certain nations, such as Armenia and Uzbekistan, saw a rise in liver cancer mortality. Controlling smoking, alcohol, and drug use contributed to a drop in LC-related mortality in the majority of socio-demographic index areas. Nevertheless, the excessive body mass index (BMI) was portrayed as the underlying cause for LC fatalities. CONCLUSION: From 1990 to 2019, there was a worldwide decrease in deaths caused by liver cancer and its underlying causes. However, rising tendencies have been observed in low-resource regions and countries. The trends in drug use- and high BMI-related death from liver cancer and its underlying etiologies were concerning. The findings indicated that efforts should be increased to prevent liver cancer deaths through improved etiology control and risk management.

Patient-derived melanoma organoid models facilitate the assessment of immunotherapies.

BACKGROUND: Only a minority of melanoma patients experience durable responses to immunotherapies due to inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in melanoma. As a result, there is a pressing need for suitable preclinical models to investigate resistance mechanisms and enhance treatment efficacy. METHODS: Here, we report two different methods for generating melanoma patient-derived organoids (MPDOs), one is embedded in collagen gel, and the other is inlaid in Matrigel. MPDOs in Matrigel are used for assessing the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies (αPD-1), autochthonous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and small molecule compounds. MPDOs in collagen gel are used for evaluating the chemotaxis and migratory capacity of TILs. FINDING: The MPDOs in collagen gel and Matrigel have similar morphology and immune cell composition to their parental melanoma tissues. MPDOs show inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and contain diverse immune cells such as CD4+, CD8+ T, Treg, CD14+ monocytic, CD15+, and CD11b+ myeloid cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in MPDOs is highly immunosuppressive, and the lymphoid and myeloid lineages express similar levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 as their parental melanoma tissues. Anti-PD-1 antibodies (αPD-1) reinvigorate CD8+ T cells and induce melanoma cell death in the MPDOs. TILs expanded by IL-2 and αPD-1 show significantly lower expression of TIM-3, better migratory capacity and infiltration of autochthonous MPDOs, and more effective killing of melanoma cells than TILs expanded by IL-2 alone or IL-2 with αCD3. A small molecule screen discovers that Navitoclax increases the cytotoxicity of TIL therapy. INTERPRETATION: MPDOs may be used to test immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular and targeted therapies. FUNDING: This work was supported by the NIH grants CA114046, CA261608, CA258113, and the Tara Miller Melanoma Foundation.

Performance Evaluation Method of Public Administration Department Based on Improved DEA Algorithm.

This paper proposes a performance evaluation method of public administration departments based on the improved DEA algorithm, which solves the quality problem of performance evaluation of public administration departments and lays a foundation for the long-term development and performance improvement of public administration departments. The DEA model is the core to sort out the performance evaluation methods of public administration departments. From the perspective of DEA algorithm, whether DEA is effective is an important content that public administration departments must consider when carrying out performance administration, and public service satisfaction is the core parameter obtained by DEA algorithm. That is to say, by optimizing public services and improving service satisfaction, the public administration department can further improve the quality of performance evaluation. Therefore, we can carry out performance evaluation of public administration departments from the satisfaction of public services. The empirical research conclusion shows that according to the effective judgment theorem of DEA, it can be concluded that among the eight social security departments, there are five departments that can achieve DEA effectiveness, namely department 2, department 3, department 4, department 5, and department 6. There are three non-DEA valid ones, namely, department 1, department 7 and department 8. The public satisfaction and the total service cost will affect the performance quality to a certain extent, and only by balancing various influencing factors can the performance evaluation quality of the public administration department be maximized.

Global burden of rheumatic heart disease: trends from 1990 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a critical public health issue worldwide, and its epidemiological patterns have changed over the decades. This article aimed to estimate the global trends of RHD, and attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data on RHD burden were explored from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Trends of the RHD burden were estimated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR). RESULTS: During 1990-2019, increasing trends in the ASR of incidence and prevalence of RHD were observed worldwide, with the respective EAPCs of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52 to 0.63) and 0.57 (95%CI 0.50 to 0.63). Meanwhile, increasing trends commonly occurred in low and middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions and countries. The largest increasing trends in the ASR of incidence and prevalence were seen in Fiji, with the respective EAPCs being 2.17 (95%CI 1.48 to 2.86) and 2.22 (95%CI 1.53 to 2.91). However, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to RHD showed pronounced decreasing trends of ASR globally, in which the EAPCs were - 2.98 (95%CI - 3.03 to - 2.94) and - 2.70 (95%CI - 2.75 to - 2.65), respectively. Meanwhile, decreasing trends were also observed in all SDI areas and geographic regions. The largest decreasing trends of death were observed in Thailand (EAPC = - 9.55, 95%CI - 10.48 to - 8.61). Among the attributable risks, behavioral risk-related death and DALYs caused by RHD had pronounced decreasing trends worldwide and in SDI areas. CONCLUSIONS: Pronounced decreasing trends of death and DALYs caused by RHD were observed in regions and countries from 1990 to 2019, but the RHD burden remains a substantial challenge globally. The results would inform the strategies for more effective prevention and control of RHD.

Relationship between Financial Asset Allocation, Leverage Ratio, and Risk-Taking of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China: Taking Environment-Related Industries as an Example.

With the improvement of environmental policies and industry requirements for enterprise production and management, small- and medium-sized enterprises in environment-related industries were also changing. It was known from the existing research that the investment allocation of assets of small- and medium-sized enterprises was closely related to risk and return, and the leverage ratio of enterprises affected the risk-taking level of enterprises. In the process of sustainable development, enterprises will inevitably bear certain risks, but excessive risk-taking will bring all kinds of uncertainty and bankruptcy risk to the expected income and future cash flow of enterprises. Therefore, taking small- and medium-sized enterprises in environment-related industries as an example, this paper put forward relevant assumptions by analyzing the interaction between the existing enterprise financial asset allocation, risk-taking level and leverage ratio. In order to facilitate empirical analysis, A-share listed companies in environment-related industries in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, small- and medium-sized board and GEM listed companies in Shenzhen stock exchange from 2007 to 2019 were selected as research samples. These data came from the information open platform for small- and medium-sized enterprises in environment-related industries, the research reports of third-party consulting companies and CSMAR and Wind databases. The empirical results showed that the allocation of financial assets had a significant impact on the level of risk-taking, and there was a U-shaped relationship between them when other conditions remained unchanged. At the same time, the financial asset allocation of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Chinese environment-related industries had a significant impact on the enterprise leverage ratio. Under other conditions unchanged, there was a U-shaped relationship between the two. In addition, leverage played an intermediary role in the relationship between financial asset allocation and risk-taking level. In addition to directly affecting the allocation of financial assets, it can also indirectly affect the risk-taking level of enterprises through leverage ratio.

Distribution and safety assessment of heavy metals in fresh meat from Zhejiang, China.

There are increasing concerns on heavy metals in animal derived foods. We analyzed the levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb in 1066 fresh meat samples including pork, beef, mutton, chicken and duck from Zhejiang province, southeast China. The average levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb were 0.018, 0.002, 0.061, 0.801, 0.0038, 0.055, and 0.029 mg/kg wet weight respectively. There are significant positive correlations among Cd, Hg and Pb (P < 0.05) and negative correlations for Cu-Pb or Cu-Cd (P < 0.05). The exposure assessment showed that the health risk to humans by consuming these meat products was relatively low. However, regular monitoring of heavy metals in meat products is still recommended considering their intensive industrial activities.

Global trends in incidence and death of neonatal disorders and its specific causes in 204 countries/territories during 1990-2019.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal disorders (ND) are a significant global health issue. This article aimed to track the global trends of neonatal disorders in 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data was explored from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were calculated to quantify the trends of neonatal disorders and their specific causes, mainly included neonatal preterm birth (NPB), neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma (NE), neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections (NS), and hemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice (HD). RESULTS: In 2019, there were 23,532.23 × 103 incident cases of ND, and caused 1882.44 × 103 death worldwide. During 1990-2019, trends in the overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of ND was relatively stable, but that of age-standardized death rate (ASDR) declined (EAPC = -1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.66 to -1.36). Meanwhile, decreasing trends of ASDR were observed in most regions and countries, particularly Cook Islands and Estonia, in which the respective EAPCs were -9.04 (95%CI: -9.69 to -8.38) and -8.12 (95%CI: -8.46 to -7.77). Among the specific four causes, only the NPB showed decreasing trends in the ASIR globally (EAPC = -0.19, 95%CI: -0.26 to -0.11). Decreasing trends of ASDR caused by ND underlying specific causes were observed in most regions, particularly the HD in Armenia, with the EAPC was -13.08 (95%CI: -14.04 to -12.11). CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing trends of death caused by neonatal disorders were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019. However, the burden of neonatal disorders is still a considerable challenge, especially in low-resource settings, which need more effective health strategies.

Allergenicity assessment and allergen profile analysis of different Chinese wheat cultivars.

BACKGROUNDS: As one of the most important cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum) can cause severe allergic reactions, such as baker's asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. A growing number of people are developing allergies to Chinese wheat; however, only a few wheat cultivars have been screened on allergenicity in China. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the allergenicity of different Chinese wheat cultivars and characterize wheat allergen profiles of patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: We determined protein (soluble protein, gliadin, and glutenin) composition in Chinese wheat by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding capacity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot using 10 positive sera from wheat allergy patients. We identified 5 gel bands with significant IgE binding capacity using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Soluble protein, albumin, and globulin, showed the highest allergenicity, followed by gliadin, while glutenin only had slight allergenicity. In soluble protein, 5 protein bands with molecular weights of 27, 28, 53, 58, and 62 kDa showed very significant allergenicity. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of 28 kDa-protein and 58 kDa-protein were significantly positively correlated with the IgE-binding capacity of Chinese wheat cultivars, which were identified as rRNA N-glycosidase and ß-amylase, respectively, among other proteins in those highly complex gel bands. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 28 kDa-protein (rRNA N-glycosidase) and 58 kDa-protein (ß-amylase) were speculated to be the main allergens of Chinese wheat causing baker's asthma and allergic rhinitis. These results provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of wheat allergy and the development of hypoallergenic wheat products, whose clinical significance is worth further evaluation.

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in marine fish to the population in Zhejiang, China.

Environmental pollution with toxic metals can lead to the possible contamination of the marine fish. We investigated the levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in 652 marine fish samples (15 species) collected from coastal areas of Zhejiang, China and estimated their health risk. Mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were 0.783, 0.009, 0.114, 0.031, 0.043 mg/kg wet weight. The average estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were 1.214, 0.014, 0.177, 0.048 and 0.067 µg/kg bw/day. The risk assessment at mean exposure level showed that there was no health risk associated with these elements through consumption of marine fish. However, potential health risk may exist for high exposure consumers considering the possible contamination of As and Hg. Given that the different levels of certain elements in marine fish in China, this study provides a scientific basis for food safety assessment and suggestions for risk management.

Large-Scale Gastric Cancer Susceptibility Gene Identification Based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree.

The early clinical symptoms of gastric cancer are not obvious, and metastasis may have occurred at the time of treatment. Poor prognosis is one of the important reasons for the high mortality of gastric cancer. Therefore, the identification of gastric cancer-related genes can be used as relevant markers for diagnosis and treatment to improve diagnosis precision and guide personalized treatment. In order to further reveal the pathogenesis of gastric cancer at the gene level, we proposed a method based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) to identify the susceptible genes of gastric cancer through gene interaction network. Based on the known genes related to gastric cancer, we collected more genes which can interact with them and constructed a gene interaction network. Random Walk was used to extract network association of each gene and we used GBDT to identify the gastric cancer-related genes. To verify the AUC and AUPR of our algorithm, we implemented 10-fold cross-validation. GBDT achieved AUC as 0.89 and AUPR as 0.81. We selected four other methods to compare with GBDT and found GBDT performed best.

The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha).

The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of scale insects are less known in comparison to other insects, which hinders the phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Coccoidea and higher taxa. Herein, the complete mitogenomes of Unaspis yanonensis, Planococcus citri and Ceroplastes rubens were sequenced for Coccoidea. The 15,220-bp long mitogenome of U. yanonensis contained the typical set of 37 genes including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes; the 15,549-bp long mitogenome of P. citri lacked the tRNA gene trnV; the 15,387-bp long mitogenome of C. rubens exhibited several shortened PCGs and lacked five tRNA genes. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the three mitogenomes was different from other scale insects and Drosophila yakuba. Most PCGs used standard ATN (ATA, ATT, ATC and ATG) start codons and complete TAN (TAA or TAG) termination codons. The ND4L had the highest evolutionary rate but COX1 and CYTB were the lowest. Most tRNA genes had cloverleaf secondary structures, whereas the reduction of dihydrouridine (DHU) arms and TψC arms were detected. Tandem repeats, stem-loop (SL) structures and poly-[TA]n stretch were found in the control regions (CRs) of the three mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood methods (ML) showed identical results, both supporting the inner relationship of Coccoidea as Coccidae + (Pseudococcidae + Diaspididae).

Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the trends in death and disability-adjusted life years of leukemia from 1990 to 2017.

BACKGROUND: The patterns of leukemia burden have dramatically changed in recent years. This study aimed to estimate the global trends of leukemia-related death and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: The data was acquired from the latest version of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to estimate the trend of age-standardized rate (ASR) of death and DALYs due to leukemia and its main subtypes from 1990 to 2017. RESULTS: Globally, the numbers of death and DALYs due to leukemia were 347.58 × 103 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 317.26 × 103 -364.88 × 103 ) and 11975.35 × 103 (95% UI = 10749.15 × 103 -12793.58 × 103 ) in 2017, with a 31.22% and 0.03% increase in absolute numbers from 1990 to 2017, respectively. Both of their ASR showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2017 with the EAPCs being -1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] = (-1.10--0.99) and -1.52 (95% CI = -1.59--1.44), respectively. Globally, the most pronounced decreasing trend of death and DALYs occurred in chronic myeloid leukemia with EAPCs of -2.76 (95% CI = -2.88--2.64) and -2.84 (95% CI = -2.97--2.70), respectively, while the trend increased in acute myeloid leukemia. The death and DALYs of leukemia decreased in most areas and countries with high socio-demographic index (SDI) including Bahrain, Finland, and Australia. CONCLUSIONS: The disease burden of death and DALYs due to leukemia decreased globally, and for most regions and countries from 1990 to 2017. However, the leukemia burden is still a substantial challenge globally and required adequate and affordable medical resources to improve the survival and quality of life of leukemia patients.

Cytosolic/Plastid Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a Negative Regulator of Strawberry Fruit Ripening.

Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) and plastid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPCp) are key enzymes in glycolysis. Besides their catalytic function, GAPC/GAPCp participates in the regulation of plant stress response and growth and development. However, the involvement of GAPC/GAPCp in the regulation of fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 in strawberries were isolated and analyzed. FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 transcripts showed high transcript levels in the fruit. Transient overexpression of FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 delayed fruit ripening, whereas RNA interference promoted fruit ripening and affected fruit anthocyanins and sucrose levels. Change in the expression patterns of FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 also influenced the expression of several glycolysis-related and ripening-related genes such as CEL1, CEL2, SS, ANS, MYB5, NCED1, ABI1, ALDO, PK, and G6PDH, and H2O2 level and reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox potential. Meanwhile, metabolomics experiments showed that transient overexpression of FaGAPCp1 resulted in a decrease in anthocyanins, flavonoids, organic acid, amino acids, and their derivatives. In addition, abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose treatment induced the production of large amounts of H2O2 and inhibited the expression of FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 in strawberry fruit. These results revealed that FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 is a negative regulator of ABA and sucrose mediated fruit ripening which can be regulated by oxidative stress.

Industrial development as a key factor explaining variances in soil and grass phyllosphere microbiomes in urban green spaces.

Microbiota in urban green spaces underpin ecosystem services that are essential to environmental health and human wellbeing. However, the factors shaping the microbial communities in urban green spaces, especially those associated with turf grass phyllosphere, remain poorly understood. The lack of this knowledge greatly limits our ability to assess ecological, social and recreational benefits of urban green spaces in the context of global urbanization. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing to characterize soil and grass phyllosphere bacterial communities in 40 urban green spaces and three minimally disturbed national parks in Victoria, Australia. The results indicated that urbanization might have shown different impacts on soil and grass phyllosphere microbial communities. The bacterial diversity in soil but not in grass phyllosphere was significantly higher in urban green spaces than in national parks. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in the overall patterns of bacterial community composition between urban green spaces and national parks for both soil and grass phyllosphere. Industrial development, as represented by the number of industries in the region, was identified as a key driver shaping the bacterial community profiles in urban green spaces. Variation partitioning analysis suggested that industrial factors together with their interaction with other factors explained 20% and 28% of the variances in soil and grass phyllosphere bacterial communities, respectively. The findings highlight the importance of industrial development in driving the spatial patterns of urban microbiomes, and have important implication for the management of microbiomes in urban green spaces.