Assessment of Myocardial Viability and Risk Stratification in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: A Qualitative and Quantitative Stress Cardiac MRI Study.

BACKGROUND: Indicators for assessing myocardial viability and risk stratification in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) are still in the research stage. PURPOSE: To use stress-MRI to assess myocardial function, blood perfusion, and viability and to explore their relationship with collateral circulation. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one patients with CTO in at least one major artery confirmed by X-ray coronary angiography (male: 46; age 55.2 ± 10.8 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T; TurboFlash, balanced steady-state free precession cine, and phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences. ASSESSMENT: Stress-MRI was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative parameters of segmental myocardium. Myocardial segments supplied by CTO target vessels were grouped according to the degree of collateral circulation assessed by radiographic coronary angiography (no/mild, moderate, or good). Depending on qualitative stress perfusion assessment and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extent, segments were also categorized as negative, viable, or trans-infarcted. STATISTICAL TESTS: Independent sample Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient (r). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 334 segments were supplied by CTO target vessels. The radial strain (RS), circumferential strain (CS), longitudinal strain (LS) of the negative, viable, and trans-infarcted regions showed a significant and stepwise impairment. Myocardial blood flow at rest was positively correlated with RS, CS, and LS (r = 0.42, 0.43, 0.38, respectively). Among the different collateral circulation, there were no significant differences in RS, CS, LS, and LGE volume (P = 0.788, 0.562, 0.122, 0.170, respectively), and there were also no statistically significant differences in the proportions of negative, viable, and trans-infarcted regions (P = 0.372). DATA CONCLUSION: Myocardial perfusion obtained by stress-MRI combined with strain and LGE may comprehensively evaluate myocardial function and viability, and has potential to facilitate risk stratification of CTO. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

CT perfusion assessment of Moyamoya syndrome before and after direct revascularization (superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of CT perfusion (CTP) for the assessment of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in patients with Moyamoya syndrome (MMS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive MMS patients, who underwent unilateral STA-MCA bypass surgery, received CTP before and after surgery. The relative perfusion parameter values of surgical hemispheres before treatment were compared with post-treatment values. All patients underwent CT angiography (CTA) before and after surgery in order to confirm the patency of bypass. RESULTS: The follow-up CTA after surgery clearly demonstrated 20 (20/24, 83.3 %) bypass arteries, whereas four (16.7 %) bypass arteries were occluded or very small. Postoperative rMTT and rTTP values (P < 0.05) of the surgical side were significantly lower than pre-operation. In patients (n = 20) with bypass patency, postoperative rCBF, rMTT and rTTP values (P < 0.05) of the surgical side were significantly improved. However, the differences of all parameters were not significant (P > 0.05) in the patients (n = 4) without bypass patency after revascularization. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CTP can provide a crucial quantitative assessment of cerebral haemodynamic changes in MMS before and after STA-MCA anastomosis. KEY POINTS: Twenty-four MMS patients undergoing STA-MCA bypass received CTP pre- and post-surgery. Cerebral haemodynamics improved on the surgical side post-surgery on CTP maps. rCBF might have a better correlation with patency of the bypass artery. CTP can evaluate cerebral perfusion changes in MMS patients after cerebral revascularization.