Sonographic assessment of urolithiasis in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Background: Urolithiasis may result in many complications including renal failure. There is a paucity of documented scientific study on the prevalence of urolithiasis in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital within the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of urolithiasis in patients undergoing ultrasound at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This study which adopted a survey approach was conducted at the Department of Radiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital between June 2014 and May 2015. A total of 2310 patients that underwent abdominopelvic ultrasound in the department who aged between 2 and 64 years and met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. They were recruited using a convenience (nonprobability) sampling technique. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analyzed using Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 2310 patients were scanned, 31 patients were sonographically identified with urolithiasis. The prevalence of urolithiasis was 13.4/1000. The mean age was 31.12 ± 3.69 years. There were 58.06% males and 41.93% females giving a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The peak age of incidence was 21-50 years. Majority (22 [71%]) were located in the upper urinary tract, whereas 9 (27%) were in the lower urinary tract. The most common presenting symptoms were flank/loin pains (renal colic) noted in 12 (40%) patients, followed by hematuria in 4 (13.3%) patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of urolithiasis was 13.4/1000. This information can be utilized in formulating future health plans for prevention of urolithiasis in the hospitals within this locality.

RésuméInformations de base: L'urolithiasis peut résulter en beaucoup de complications y compris l'insuffisance rénale. Il y a manque d'études scientifiques documentées sur la prévalence de l'urolithiasis à l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire situé au territoire de la capitale fédérale du Nigéria. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la prévalence de l'urolithiasis sur les malades qui subissent l'ultrason à l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire d'Abuja. Matériaux et méthodes: Cette recherche qui a adopté l'approche d'enquête à l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire a été faite au Département de Radiologie de l'Hôpital d'Enseignement Universitaire d'Abuja entre juin 2014 et mai 2015. Âgés de 2 et 64 ans, 2.310 de malades au total qui ont subi l'ultrason abnomino-pelvien, ayant répondu aux critères d'inclusion, étaient examinés dans le département. Ils ont été examinés en servant de la technique d'échantillonage de commodité (non probabilité). Les données obtenues ont été soumises aux statistiques descriptives et analysées en employant le test de t. P < 0,05 était considéré statistiquement significatif. Résultats: 2.310 de malades au total étaient examinés alors que 31 malades étaient identifiés échographiquement avec l'urolithiasis. La prévalence de l'urolithiasis était 13,4/1.000. L'âge médian était 31,12 ± 3,69 ans. Il y avait 58,06% du sexe masculin et 41,93% du sexe féminin donnant la proportion du sexe féminin-au-sexe féminin de 1,3:1. L'apogée de l'âge d'incidence était 21 ­ 50 ans. La majorité (22 [71%]) se trouvait aux voies urinaires supérieures alors que 9 (27%) était aux voies urinaires inférieures. Les signes d'appel les plus communs étaient les douleurs renales remarquées en 12 (40%) de malades, suivis de hématurie en 4 (13,3%) des malades. Conclusion: La prévalence d'urolithiasis était 13,4/1.000. On peut servir de ces renseignements dans l'avenir dans la formulation des plans de santé pour la prévention de l'urolithiasis dans les hôpitaux des environs.

Epidemiology and management of head injury in paediatric age group in North-Eastern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric head injury (HI) is the single most common cause of death and permanent disability in children world over, and this is increasingly becoming worrisome in our society because of increased risks and proneness to road traffic accidents on our highways and streets. The study set to determine causes and management of HI among children in our society. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all children aged 0-15 years with traumatic head injury (THIs) who were managed at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital between July, 2006 and August, 2008. RESULTS: A total of 45 children with THIs presented to the casualty unit of the hospital; 30 (66.7%) were boys and 15 (33.3%) were girls. Three (6.7%) children were less than 1 year of age, 21 (46.7%) were between 1 years and 6 years while 16 (35.6%) and 5 (11.0%) were aged 7-11 years and 12-15 years respectively. Thirty six (80.0%) of the children were pedestrians, 6 (13.4%) fell from a height, while 2 (4.4%) and 1 (2.2% were as a result of home accident and assault, respectively. Twenty one patients (46.7%) had mild HI, while 53.3% had moderate to severe category. Forty one (91.1%) of children were managed as in-patients, mostly (95.1%) by conservative non-operative management, while 4 (8.9%) were treated on the out-patient basis. The mortality rate was 17.8%. CONCLUSION: H1 among children is of a great concern, because of its incremental magnitude, due to increasing child labour and interstate religious discipleship among children, with attendant high mortality and permanent disabilities. Necessary laws and legislations should be formulated and implemented with organized campaigns and public enlightenment to prevent and mitigate this menace.