Technological entropy and its implications to fisheries governability.

The interactive governance theory postulates that the governability of a fishery system depends on the governing capacity, and the overall quality of the system to be governed. The elements making the fisheries more or less governable correspond to the diversity, complexity, dynamics, and scale of the natural and social systems that are being governed and the governing system. To date, the extent to which technological development affects these properties, and the fisheries governability, has not been evaluated. This paper presents a novel conceptualization of "technological entropy", linking the concept of entropy with technological innovation happening across fisheries. It further discusses the relationship between technological entropy and governability of fishery systems and illustrates it using examples from Newfoundland fisheries. The paper argues that technological entropy creates new challenges for fisheries governance by influencing fishers' decisions and adding demands on the governing capacity. Assessing how technologies fit into the fisheries governability framework can, therefore, help inform governing actions towards securing sustainable fisheries.

Historical Perspective and Risk of Multiple Neglected Tropical Diseases in Coastal Tanzania: Compositional and Contextual Determinants of Disease Risk.

BACKGROUND: In the past decade, research on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has intensified in response to the need to enhance community participation in health delivery, establish monitoring and surveillance systems, and integrate existing disease-specific treatment programs to control overlapping NTD burdens and detrimental effects. In this paper, we evaluated the geographical distribution of NTDs in coastal Tanzania. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We also assessed the collective (compositional and contextual) factors that currently determine risks to multiple NTDs using a cross sectional survey of 1253 individuals in coastal Tanzania. The results show that the effect size in decreasing order of magnitude for non-binary predictors of NTD risks is as follows: NTD comorbidities > poverty > educational attainment > self-reported household quality of life > ethnicity. The multivariate analysis explained 95% of the variance in the relationship between NTD risks and the theoretically-relevant covariates. Compositional (biosocial and sociocultural) factors explained more variance at the neighbourhood level than at the regional level, whereas contextual factors, such as access to health services and household quality, in districts explained a large proportion of variance at the regional level but individually had modest statistical significance, demonstrating the complex interactions between compositional and contextual factors in generating NTD risks. CONCLUSIONS: NTD risks were inequitably distributed over geographic space, which has several important policy implications. First, it suggests that localities of high burden of NTDs are likely to diminish within statistical averages at higher (regional or national) levels. Second, it indicates that curative or preventive interventions will become more efficient provided they can be focused on the localities, particularly as populations in these localities are likely to be burdened by several NTDs simultaneously, further increasing the imperative of multi-disease interventions.