Unplanned readmissions, community socioeconomic factors, and their effects on long-term survival after complex thoracic aortic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated community socioeconomic factors in patients who had unplanned readmission after undergoing proximal aortic surgery (ascending aorta, aortic root, or arch). METHODS: Unplanned readmissions for any reason within 60 days of the index procedure were reviewed by race, acuity at presentation, and gender. We also evaluated 3 community socioeconomic factors: poverty, household income, and education. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess long-term survival differences by group (race, acuity, and gender). RESULTS: Among 2339 patients who underwent proximal aortic surgery during the 20-year study period and were discharged alive, our team identified 146 (6.2%) unplanned readmissions. Compared with White patients, Black patients lived in areas characterized by more widespread poverty (20.8% vs 11.1%; P = .0003), lower income ($42,776 vs $65,193; P = .0007), and fewer residents with a high school diploma (73.7% vs 90.1%; P < .0001). Compared with patients whose index operation was elective, patients who had urgent or emergency index procedures lived in areas with lower income ($54,425 vs $64,846; P = .01) and fewer residents with a high school diploma (81.1% vs 89.2%; P = .005). Community socioeconomic factors did not differ by gender. Four- and 6-year survival estimates were 63.1% and 63.1% for Black patients versus 89.1% and 83.0% for White patients (P = .0009). No significant differences by acuity or gender were found. CONCLUSIONS: Among readmitted patients, Black patients and patients who had emergency surgery had less favorable community socioeconomic factors and poorer long-term survival. Earlier and more frequent follow-up in these patients should be considered. Developing off-campus clinics and specific postdischarge measures targeting these patients is important.

Nationwide trends and regional/hospital variations in open versus endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

OBJECTIVES: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been gaining popularity for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). We used a nonvoluntary database to examine national trends and regional/hospital variations in the use of TEVAR and open thoracic aortic repair (OTAR) for TAAA. METHODS: From the 2005-2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we identified all patients with the diagnosis of TAAA who were treated with TEVAR or OTAR. Rates of these procedures were compared between years, across geographic regions, and between hospitals of various bed sizes. RESULTS: Over the study period, the rate of OTAR remained relatively stable (range, 7.5/100 patients in 2005 to 10.1/100 patients in 2008; P = .26), whereas the rate of TEVAR increased dramatically (range, 1.4/100 patients in 2005 to 6.3/100 patients in 2008; P < .0001). In 2008, 29% (211) of all TEVAR procedures and 11% (130) of all OTAR procedures were performed in western regions of the United States (P = .03). Additionally, 13% (95) of all TEVAR procedures and 3% (35) of all OTAR procedures were performed in smaller hospitals (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of TEVAR for TAAA repair increased significantly over the study period, whereas OTAR rates remained relatively stable. Our findings suggest that more patients who were otherwise not surgical candidates or did not have traditional surgical indications for OTAR were treated with TEVAR, most commonly in regions or hospitals where OTAR is less often performed. Given the complexity of TAAA cases, these results may have significant implications for patient safety in the current era of heightened health care scrutiny.

Establishment of a transcatheter aortic valve program and heart valve team at a Veterans Affairs facility.

BACKGROUND: The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved a transcatheter aortic valve for patients for whom open heart surgery is prohibitively risky. METHODS: A multidisciplinary heart valve team partnered with administration to launch a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) program. Clinical registries were used to show robust valve caseloads and outcomes at our Veterans Affairs (VA) facility and to project future volumes. A TAVR business plan was approved by the VA leadership as part of a multiphase project to upgrade and expand our surgical facilities. RESULTS: The heart valve team completed a training program that included simulations and visits to established TAVR centers. Patients were evaluated and screened through a streamlined process, and the program was initiated successfully. CONCLUSIONS: Establishing a TAVR program at a VA facility requires a multidisciplinary team with experience in heart valve and endovascular therapies and a supportive administration willing to invest in a sophisticated infrastructure.

Impact of functional status on survival after coronary artery bypass grafting in a veteran population.

BACKGROUND: Although functional impairment has been shown to be an adverse outcome of frailty, little is known of its effect on patients after cardiac operations. We aimed to assess the effect of limited functional status on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: We reviewed prospectively gathered data from 1,503 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG between 1997 and 2009. We compared the outcomes of 318 patients with limited functional status and 1,185 patients without any functional impairment. The mean follow-up period was 65 months (range, 1 to 157 months). We assessed the relationship between functional status impairment and long-term survival by Cox regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS: Functionally impaired patients were slightly older (63±9 vs 62±8 years, p=0.05) and had more risk factors for adverse outcomes than patients who were functionally unimpaired. After adjustment for potential confounding variables by multivariate logistic regression analysis, preoperative limited functional status was not an independent predictor (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) of 30-day mortality (1.4 [0.3 to 5.8], p=0.67) or major adverse cardiac events (1.3 [0.5 to 3.3], p=0.71), nor was it predictive of reduced long-term survival (10-year hazard ratio 1.0 [0.7 to 1.4], p=0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Limited functional status was not an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications or death. Long-term survival in patients whose functional status was impaired before they underwent CABG was similar to that of patients who were functionally independent.