Association of Sociodemographic Factors and Maternal Educational Attainment with Child Development among Families Living below the Poverty Line in the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil.

Maternal educational attainment has been identified as relevant to several child health and development outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and maternal education factors with child development in families living below the poverty line. A cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone contact from May to July 2021 in Ceará, a state in Northeastern Brazil. The study population comprised families with children up to six years of age participating in the cash transfer program "Mais infância". The families selected to participate in this program must have a monthly per capita income of less than US$16.50. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire version 3 was applied to assess the children's development status. The mothers reported maternal educational attainment as the highest grade and or degree obtained. The final weighted and adjusted model showed that maternal schooling was associated with the risk of delay in all domains except for the fine motor domain. The risk of delay in at least one domain was 2.5-fold higher in mothers with a lower level of schooling (95% CI: 1.6-3.9). The findings of this study suggest that mothers with higher educational attainment have children with better child development outcomes.

Coronavirus disease 2019, food security and maternal mental health in Ceará, Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the change in the risk of food insecurity and maternal mental disorder (MMD) before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional survey. Between 17 July and 10 September 2020, mother-child pairs who were enrolled in a population-based survey in 2017 were re-contacted by telephone for consent and to complete a telephonic COVID-19 survey. We used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale to assess food security and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 to assess MMD. McNemar's test for paired data that also accounted for clustering was used. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of unemployment and receipt of government assistance with food insecurity and MMD in 2020. SETTING: Ceará, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and seventy-seven mother-child pairs completed the 2017 and 2020 surveys. At the time of the 2020 interview, the child cohort was 36-108 months of age. RESULTS: The proportion of mothers reporting food insecurity was 15·5 % higher (95 % CI 5·9, 25·1, P value < 0·001) during the pandemic in July-August 2020 as compared with November 2017, while the prevalence of MMD was 40·2 % higher during the pandemic (95 % CI 32·6, 47·8, P value < 0·001). Loss of formal employment was associated with increased risk of food insecurity, but not with the risk of MMD. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of food insecurity and MMD in Ceará increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the need for policies and interventions to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health, nutrition and well-being in Brazil.

Determinantes do aborto provocado entre mulheres admitidas em hospitais em localidade da regiäo Nordeste do Brasil / Determinants in iduced abortion among poor women admitted to hospitals inlocality of the region northeast Brazil

Com o objetivo de identificar os determinantes do aborto provocado entre mulheres admitidas por complicaçöes decorrentes dos abortos, nos hospitais-maternidades públicos em Fortaleza, CE (Brasil) foram entrevistadas 4.359 pacientes entre 1§ de outubro de 1992 e 30 de setembro de 1993. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário estruturado. Säo apresentados os determinantes dos abortos provocados em 2.084 (48 por cento) mulheres classificadas como tendo induzido aborto. Dois terços (66 por cento) das mulheres relataram a induçäo do aborto com o uso isolado do Cytotec (misoprostol) ou associado a outro meio abortivo. Os resultados indicam que, na populaçäo estudada, a induçäo do aborto é prática comum entre jovens, solteiras (ou que vivem sem um parceiro estável), de baixa paridade, com escolaridade incipiente e näo-usuárias de métodos contraceptivos. Recomenda-se a realizaçäo de estudos que investiguem os conhecimentos relacionados a percepçöes, conceitos culturais do aborto, e às razöes por que mulheres pobres fracassam na adoçäo de métodos de planejamento familiar