Longitudinal estimates of resting energy expenditure using predictive equations in individuals with excess weight after weight loss: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To determine which resting energy expenditure (REE) predictive equation has the lowest bias in the aggregate level in individuals with excess weight during weight loss interventions. METHODS: Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL and gray literature databases. Longitudinal studies on weight loss interventions which evaluated REE by predictive equations compared to that measured by indirect calorimetry in adults with excess weight at different follow-up times were included. Meta-analyses were performed with the differences between biases of predictive equations of the REE at the different follow-up times of weight loss. RESULTS: Of the total of 2178 occurrences found in the databases, only eight studies were included. The Harris-Benedict (1919) equation showed the smallest differences between bias up to the third month (MD = 103.33 kcal; 95%CI = -39.01; 245.67), in the sixth month (MD = 59.16 kcal; 95%CI = 8.74; 109.57) and at the 12th month (MD = -71.41 kcal; 95%CI = -150.38; 7.55) of weight loss follow-up. Weight loss does not seem to have an effect on bias at different follow-up times. CONCLUSION: Harris-Benedict (1919) equation seems to be the most adequate to assess the REE of individuals with excess weight during weight loss. However, the finding of large estimated predictive intervals may indicate that predictive equations may not be handy tools for individuals losing and regaining weight due to changes other than body weight.

Maximizing Standardization While Ensuring Equity: Exploring the Role of Applicant Experiences, Attributes, and Metrics on Performance of a Surgery-Specific Situational Judgment Test.

BACKGROUND: Situational judgment tests (SJT) are hypothetical but realistic scenario-based assessments that allow residency programs to measure judgment and decision-making among future trainees. A surgery-specific SJT was created to identify highly valued competencies among residency applicants. We aim to demonstrate a stepwise process for validation of this assessment for applicant screening through exploration of two often-overlooked sources of validity evidence - relations with other variables and consequences. METHODS: This was a prospective multi-institutional study involving 7 general surgery residency programs. All applicants completed the SurgSJT, a 32-item test aimed to measure 10 core competencies: adaptability, attention to detail, communication, dependability, feedback receptivity, integrity, professionalism, resilience, self-directed learning, and team orientation. Performance on the SJT was compared to application data, including race, ethnicity, gender, medical school, and USMLE scores. Medical school rankings were determined based on the 2022 U.S. News & World Report rankings. RESULTS: In total, 1491 applicants across seven residency programs were invited to complete the SJT. Of these, 1454 (97.5%) candidates completed the assessment. Applicants were predominantly White (57.5%), Asian (21.6%), Hispanic (9.7%), Black (7.3%), and 52% female. A total of 208 medical schools were represented, majority were allopathic (87.1%) and located in United States (98.7%). Less than a quarter of applicants (22.8%; N=337) were from a top 25 school based on U.S. News & World Report rankings for primary care, surgery, or research. Average USMLE Step 1 score was 235 (SD 37) and Step 2 score was 250 (SD 29). Sex, race, ethnicity, and medical school ranking did not significantly impact performance on the SJT. There was no relationship between SJT score and USMLE scores and medical school rankings. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the process of validity testing and importance of two specific sources of evidence-consequences and relations with other variables, in implementing future educational assessments.

Use of the activPAL® triaxial accelerometer to estimate total energy expenditure in low-income women: differences between body mass index classifications.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the agreement between the total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated by the activPAL® triaxial accelerometers (ACC) and the TEE measured by the doubly labeled water method (DLW), as well as to assess if these values differ between the classifications of body mass index (BMI). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Low-income adult women (19-45y) with BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included. Accelerometry data (activPAL® ) were collected over 7 consecutive days, which were used to calculate TEE-ACC and compared with DLW data. The Bland-Altman method, concordance correlation coefficient and root mean square error were used to assess agreement between methods. Results: The sample consisted of 55 women with a mean age of 31 ± 5 years. The agreement between TEE-ACC and TEE-DLW showed a bias of -142.5 kcal (-7.1%). Among the BMI classifications, participants with normal weight show a bias of -417.1 kcal (-21.0%), participants with overweight, -87.5 kcal (-3.9%) and participants with obesity, 97.5 kcal (4.3%). Furthermore, the bias between the methods showed a significant and positive correlation with the body weight (r = 0.49; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The TEE-ACC estimates from activPAL® were reasonably accurate when compared to the TEE-DLW, especially in women with overweight and obesity, being much less accurate in individuals with normal weight.

Social and Racial Disparities in Food Consumption Among Brazilian College Students: a Nationwide Study.

This study aims to assess the association between economic class, race/skin color, and food consumption among Brazilian college students. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with college students from all over Brazil. Demographic data, economic class, self-reported race/skin color, anthropometry, and food consumption markers from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System were collected. The final sample comprised 5843 participants with a mean age of 24.1 (SD: 6.3) years, 4292 (73.5%) were female, and 810 (13.9%) in the highest economic stratum. We observed a progressive decrease in the frequency of fresh fruits and vegetables consumption from higher to lower economic classes (p < 0.01 for both). Contrarily, there was a progressive increase in the frequency of consumption of beans from higher to lower economic classes (p < 0.01). The frequency consumption of vegetables was also associated with race/skin color (p < 0.01), being lower in brown (PR: 0.94; CI 95%: 0.90; 0.98), and black (PR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85; 0.98) individuals, compared to white individuals. Brown individuals showed higher frequency consumption of beans (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.15) than whites. When compared to individuals of white race/skin color, brown (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01; 1.13) and black (PR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07; 1.23) individuals showed higher frequency consumption of sweetened beverages. Economic class and race/skin color were independent factors associated with the food consumption of Brazilian college students.

Bioactive Sugarcane Lipids in a Circular Economy Context.

Most of the global sugar and ethanol supply trade comes from the harvesting of Saccharum officinarum (i.e., sugarcane). Its industrial processing results in numerous by-products and waste streams, such as tops, straw, filter cake, molasses and bagasse. The recovery of lipids (i.e., octacosanol, phytosterols, long-chain aldehydes and triterpenoids) from these residues is an excellent starting point for the development of new products for various application fields, such as health and well-being, representing an important feature of the circular economy. By selecting green scalable extraction procedures, industry can reduce its environmental impact. Refluxed ethanol extraction methods have been demonstrated to meet these characteristics. On the other hand, effective non-solvent methodologies such as molecular distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction can fractionate lipids based on high temperature and pressure application with similar yields. Sugarcane lipophilic extracts are usually analyzed through gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. In many cases, the identification of such compounds involves the development of high-temperature GC-MS/FID techniques. On the other hand, for the identification and quantification of thermolabile lipids, LC-MS techniques are suitable for the separation and identification of major lipid classes. Generically, its composition includes terpenes, phytosterols, tocopherol, free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, wax esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. These compounds are already known for their interesting application in various fields such as pharma and cosmetics due to their anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Dissecting a department of surgery: Exploring organizational culture and competency expectations.

INTRODUCTION: In order to recruit high-potential trainees, surgery residency and fellowship programs must first understand what competencies and attributes are required for success in their respective programs. This study performed a systematic analysis to define organizational culture and competency expectations across training programs within one academic surgery department. METHODS: Subject matter experts rated the importance and frequency of 22 competencies and completed a 44-item organizational culture inventory along 1 to 5 Likert-type scales. RESULTS: Importance and frequency attributions of competencies varied significantly among programs (p < .05 by ANOVA), but there was substantial agreement on organizational culture; self-directed (x̄ = 3.8), perfectionist (x̄ = 3.7) and social (x̄ = 3.7) attributes were most representative of the program, while oppositional (x̄ = 1.8), competitive (x̄ = 2.5) and hierarchical (x̄ = 2.7) characteristics were least representative. CONCLUSIONS: Residency and fellowship programs within the same department have shared perceptions of the culture and values of their institution, but seek different competencies among entering trainees.

Captação de recursos para pesquisas e o terceiro setor: o que os docentes sabem? / Research fundraising and third sector organizations: what do the professors know?

Resumo: Introdução: O crescimento socioeconômico de um país acontece por meio do desenvolvimento de ciência e tecnologia, e, por isso, a parceria com o terceiro setor é positiva ao auxiliar o financiamento de projetos científicos. Objetivos: Assim, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar as formas de captação de recursos mais utilizadas pelos docentes de Medicina para a execução de seus estudos científicos e verificar se há o reconhecimento do terceiro setor como opção para tal obtenção. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico com abordagem quali-quantitativa, construído por meio do uso de um formulário individual aplicado aos docentes do curso médico de cinco instituições do ensino superior do Norte/Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por estatísticas descritiva e analítica. Resultados: Participaram 138 professores, de ambos os sexos, com idade média ± 43,2 anos. A pesquisa mais comumente desenvolvida pelos docentes foi a básica (56,1%); 68,8% utilizaram recursos próprios para o desenvolvimento de seus estudos; 18,8% obtiveram recursos de entidades de apoio à pesquisa; 75,4% conheciam alguma fundação de amparo à pesquisa, e as mais citadas foram a Fapespa (26,9%) e o CNPq (26,9%); 13,8% relataram conhecer sites e empresas multinacionais que fomentam projetos de pesquisas, mas somente 2,2% submeteram sua iniciativa às chamadas públicas em instituições internacionais para captação; quando perguntados sobre o terceiro setor, seus fundamentos e atores definidos pela legislação, o estudo apontou uma falta de conhecimento, com 100% de inadequação nas respostas sobre tais entidades; quanto à parceria entre o terceiro setor e o Estado, 83,3% sinalizaram desconhecimento;100% dos entrevistados desconhecem os critérios para uma entidade integrar tal setor, ao mesmo tempo que 76,8% afirmaram que a falta de orientação dos conceitos do ramo não é entrave para a captação de recursos às pesquisas. Conclusão: A maioria dos docentes utilizava recursos próprios para a realização de seus projetos, seguidos pelo uso de recursos públicos. Ademais, grande parte dos profissionais não reconheceu o terceiro setor como fonte patrocinadora, carecendo de informações que lhes possibilitassem desenvolver atividades de forma ampla e com as diversas oportunidades existentes, oferecidas por entidades desse setor.

Abstract: Introduction: The socio-economic growth of a country is reflected by the development of science and technology. Partnership with the third sector is therefore positive in terms of financial support for scientific projects. Objective: Accordingly, the present study aims to evaluate the most commonly used methods of fundraising by medical professors to conduct their scientific studies and whether there is recognition of the third sector as an option for such fundraising. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data were collected using an individual form, applied to medical course professors from five different universities in the north of Brazil, and analyzed using descriptive-analytical statistics. Results: The study included 138 professors, of both sexes, with an average age of ± 43.2 years. The type of research most commonly performed by professors was basic (56.1%); 68.8% used their own resources to develop their studies; 18.8% obtained funds from research support entities; 75.4% knew of a research support foundation, primarily FAPESPA (26.9%) and CNPQ (26.9%); 13.8% reported knowledge of websites and multinational companies that promote research projects, but only 2.2% submitted their initiative to public calls for funding from international institutions; when asked about the third sector, its fundamentals and actors defined by legislation, the study indicated a lack of knowledge, with 100% of inadequate answers about such entities; regarding partnership between the third sector and the State, 83.3% signaled ignorance; 100% of the interviewees were unaware of the criteria for an entity to be part of the sector, while 76.8% stated that lack of orientation about the concepts of the area is not an obstacle to raising funds for research. Conclusion: Most professors use their own funds to carry out their projects, followed by the use of public funds. Furthermore, most professionals did not recognize the third sector as a source of sponsorship, lacking information that would allow them to develop broad activities and enjoy the various opportunities offered by entities in this sector.

Trabalho e bem-estar: evidências da relação entre burnout e satisfação de vida / Work and well-being: evidence of the relation between burnout and life satisfaction / Trabajo y bienestar: evidencias de la relación entre burnout y satisfacción con la vida

Esse estudo visa investigar a relação entre Burnout e satisfação de vida em trabalhadores brasileiros pelo modelo teórico Job Demands-Resources (JDR), da Psicologia Positiva. Foram testadas as associações entre Burnout e demandas e recursos de trabalho, satisfação de vida e sintomas depressivos, em 986 participantes das cinco regiões brasileiras, entre 18 e 89 anos (M = 39, DP = 11,1), sendo 87,2% de mulheres. Os resultados demonstram que Burnout prediz sintomas depressivos e é consequente de altas demandas e baixos recursos laborais. O papel de mediação parcial da satisfação de vida se destaca quando associado aos recursos de trabalho, o que diminui a probabilidade de ocorrência do Burnout e sintomas depressivos associados. Conclui-se que recursos de trabalho e satisfação de vida são importantes fatores psicossociais de proteção ao Burnout, que influenciam indireta e negativamente sintomas depressivos. Contribuições desses achados para o trabalho e as organizações são discutidas no texto. (AU)

This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout and life satisfaction in Brazilian workers through the Job Demands-Resources (JDR) theoretical model of Positive Psychology. The associations between burnout and job demands, job resources, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms were tested in 986 participants, 87.2% women, from the five Brazilian regions, aged between 18 and 89 years (M = 39, SD = 11.1). The results show that high job demands and low job resources are indirectly linked with depressive symptoms via burnout and low life satisfaction. The partial mediation role of life satisfaction stands out when associated with job resources, which reduces the likelihood of burnout and its association with depressive symptoms. It was concluded that job resources and life satisfaction are important psychosocial protective factors for burnout, which impacts indirectly and negatively on depressive symptoms. Contributions of these findings for work and organizations are discussed in the text. (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre el burnout y la satisfacción con la vida en los trabajadores brasileños a través del modelo teórico Job Demand Resources (JDR), de la psicología positiva. Las asociaciones entre burnout y demandas y recursos laborales, satisfacción con la vida y síntomas depresivos fueron probadas en 986 participantes de las cinco regiones brasileñas, los participantes poseían edades entre 18 y 89 años (M = 39, DS = 11.1), siendo el 87.2% mujeres. Los resultados demuestran que el burnout predice síntomas depresivos motivados por las altas demandas y bajos recursos laborales. El papel de la mediación parcial de la satisfacción con la vida se destaca cuando se asocia con recursos laborales, lo que reduce la probabilidad de burnout y los síntomas depresivos asociados. Se concluye que los recursos laborales y la satisfacción con la vida son factores psicosociales importantes de protección contra el burnout, que influyen indirectamente y negativamente en los síntomas depresivos. Las contribuciones de estos hallazgos para el trabajo y las organizaciones se discuten en el artículo. (AU)

Análise dos processos indenizatórios envolvendo a odontologia na Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil / Analysis of the lawsutis involving Dentistry in metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

A responsabilidade civil na atuação odontológica envolve a reparação de um dano e pode gerar, ao final do processo, a obrigação de indenizar o indivíduo lesado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento e a análise dos processos de responsabilidade civil envolvendo cirurgiões-dentistas e clínicas odontológicas na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV), Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram analisados processos instaurados entre 2009 e 2017, sendo verificados os valores de indenização, as especialidades odontológicas envolvidas, presença de laudo pericial e o acionamento de seguro de responsabilidade. Foi encontrado um total de 102 processos. As especialidades mais envolvidas foram Prótese Dentária, Ortodontia e Implantodontia. 84 processos foram instaurados nos Juizados Especiais Cíveis (JEC), enquanto 18 foram via justiça comum (JC). Nos processos do JEC, os valores de indenização solicitados variaram entre R$ 100,00 e R$ 35.000,00, sendo que 21 processos se apresentavam em andamento, 26 foram resolvidos por meio de acordo, 19 foram extintos sem resolução de mérito, em 11 houve sentença favorável ao paciente e sete foram extintos pelo autor. Nos processos da JC os valores de indenização solicitados variaram entre R$ 2.800,00 e R$ 120.237,00, sendo que 14 processos apresentavam-se em andamento, dois foram encerrados por acordo e em dois houve sentença favorável ao cirurgião-dentista. Houve presença de laudo pericial em quatro casos e nenhuma contratação de seguro de responsabilidade civil. Concluiu-se que no período estudado houve uma tendência ao crescimento na ocorrência dos processos na RMGV

Civil liability in the dental practice involves the obligation to repair an injury and can generate, in a lawsuit, the obligation to indemnify the patient. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey to analyze lawsuits involving dentists and dental offices in the Vitória Metropolitan Region (VMR), Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed and collected data as values, dental specialties involved, presence of expert witness report and the use of liability insurance. 102 lawsuits were found. The main dental specialties were Prosthodontics, Orthodontics and Dental Implants. 84 cases were filed in special civil courts (SCC), while 18 cases were filed through the ordinary courts (OC). In the SCC cases, the indemnity amounts requested ranged from R$ 100.00 to R$ 35,000.00, of which 21 were in progress, 26 were concluded through agreement, 19 were finished without merit resolution, in 11 cases the patient was the winner, and seven were extinguished by the author. In the cases of OC, the indemnity amounts requested ranged from R$ 2,800.00 to R$ 120,237.00, of which 14 were in progress, two were concluded through agreements and in two was a favorable decision to the dentist. There was expert witness report in four cases and no contracting of civil liability insurance. It was concluded that in the studied period there was a tendency to growth related to lawsuits involving Dentistry in the VMR.

Regulamentação legal da perícia oficial odontolegal nos estados brasileiros / Forensic odontology legal regulation in the Brazilian states

Introdução: O Perito Odontolegista é um profissional com curso superior em Odontologia e que tem sua atuação regulamentada pelos artigos 63 e 64 da Resolução CFO 063/2005 garantindo-lhe o direito de trabalhar tanto na área criminal como nas áreas cível, trabalhista e administrativa. Em âmbito criminal, está vinculado, normalmente, aos institutos oficiais de perícias, exemplificados por Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML), Instituto de Criminalística (IC) ou Instituto Geral de Perícias (IGP), possuindo extrema importância no corpo dos órgãos oficiais de perícia por se tratarem dos únicos e verdadeiros conhecedores da sua área de atuação. Podem desenvolver identificação no vivo, em cadáver, perícias antropológicas em crânio, perícias de lesões corporais e manchas, determinação da idade, determinação de embriaguez alcoólica e outros exames. Objetivo: Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento e análise de todas as legislações específicas que regem a atuação do Perito Oficial Odontolegista nos estados brasileiros, no intuito de definir os que possuem essa carreira profissional estabelecida. Material e Métodos: Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa descritiva junto aos sítios eletrônicos da Policia Civil, Policia Técnico-Científica ou Instituto Geral de Perícias de cada unidade federativa. Resultados e Conclusão: Após a análise dos dados do levantamento realizado, concluiu-se que em apenas 17 estados da federação existe a regulamentação para o cargo de Perito Odontolegista, sendo que em apenas 12 entes há a atuação efetiva deste profissional.

Introduction: Forensic Odontologist is a professional with a Dentistry degree who has your actions regulated by the articles 63 and 64 of the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry Regulation no 63/2005, guaranteeing the right to work in the criminal, civil, labor and administrative courts. In the criminal context, it is linked to the Institute of Legal Medicine, Institute of Criminalistics or Institute of General Expertise (IGP), having extremely importance in the official corporation of expertise for being the only ones with the knowledge to deal with the area. They are able to develop human identification, anthropological exams, analysis of injury and stains, age determination, determination of alcoholic intoxication and other tests. Objective: The aim of this paper was to verify and analyze all the specific laws that regulate the Forensic Odontologist's work in the Brazilian states, in order to establish which states have this professional career. Material and methods: It was performed a descriptive research in electronic sites of the Civil Police, Technical and Scientific Police and Institute of General Expertise of each state. Results and Conclusion: After analyzing the data, it was concluded that in only 17 Brazilian states there is a regulation for the position of Forensic Odontologist and only 12 of these states have this professional working in this specific field.

[Expectation of Brazilian nurses about the reception held at the primary health care]. / Expectativa de enfermeiros brasileiros acerca do acolhimento realizado na atenção primária em saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To know the expectations of Brazilians nurses in relation to the reception held for them at the Primary Health Care. Method: This is a qualitative study based on the social phenomenology by Alfred Schutz. RESULTS: The nurses report that the host is something far from their reality, dependent on policy, management, population and physical structure of the workplace. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that the reality of care performed by nurses in primary health care is characterized by calls for the evaluation of acute complaints, and that the solution to the host be ideal, providing changes in the relationship between him and the user they require far capabilities of its reality, which was called in this study magic output. It was evident that for nurses the reorganization of the host and their work process depends only on external factors to their actions, forgetting its commitment to provide a humanized care and based on the application of its relational competence.

Paciente portador de doenças cardiovasculares no Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna: um olhar do serviço social sobre os impactos socioeconômicos

Este estudo objetiva, na perspectiva do Serviço Social, investigar os impactos socioeconômicos advindos pelas doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes internados no Hospital de Clínicas Gaspar Vianna- Hospital de referência em cardiologia no estado do Pará. Para a investigação utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, como instrumento de coleta de dados usou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada com 05 (cinco) pacientes, e a análise dós dados coletados fundamentou-se na técnica de análise do conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos pacientes entrevistados tiveram dificuldades para retornar às atividades laborativas exercidas por eles antes de serem acometidos pela patologia, e mostram ainda a deficiência da assistência, em forma de Política Pública, que venham a atender esta demanda social

A biomecânica e a produção do conhecimento em fisioterapia: levantamento baseado nos anais do congresso brasileiro de biomecânica / The biomechanics and the production of knowledge in physiotherapy: survey based on the proceedings of Brazilian congress of biomechanics

O aumento gradual da participação da comunidade acadêmica da Fisioterapia nas edições do Congresso Brasileiro de Biomecânica (CBB) é notório. Os Anais do CBB passaram a ser importantes veículos para a divulgação científica em Fisioterapia no Brasil; porém, a caracterização dessa produção ainda não foi feita. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico dos estudos em Fisioterapia publicados nas edições dos Anais do CBB, desde a primeira edição em 1992 (Anais do IV CBB) até a edição publicada em 2009 (Anais do XIII CBB), a fim de identificar quais especialidades da Fisioterapia têm aplicado o conhecimento em Biomecânica no contexto clínico e/ou científico, além de caracterizar o tipo de pesquisa que se tem desenvolvido. Seis revisores independentes levantaram os estudos pertencentes à área da Fisioterapia e coletaram informações de maneira padronizada através de questionários. Os resultados evidenciaram um grande crescimento da participação das diferentes áreas da Fisioterapia ao longo das dez edições do CBB. Embora os dados sejam positivos em relação à ampliação das pesquisas em Biomecânica, verificou-se uma carência da utilização dos recursos biomecânicos para avaliar efeitos de intervenções em pacientes. Dessa forma, recomenda-se que mais estudos sejam conduzidos em contextos clínicos e com acompanhamento longitudinal, de modo a ampliar a aplicação prática das ferramentas biomecânicas no campo da intervenção, bem como aperfeiçoar a avaliação em Fisioterapia.

The increasing presence of the Physical Therapy (PT) community in the Brazilian Congress of Biomechanics (CBB) is well known. The Proceedings of the CBB Congresses have turned to important vehicles to scientific publications in Physical Therapy, but the characteristics of these studies have not been focus of analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the contribution of PT to the studies published in the Proceedings of the CBB Congresses, from the first edition in 1992 (Proceedings of the IV CBB) to the 2009 edition (Proceedings of the XIII CBB), in order to verify which subareas of expertise in PT are applying the biomechanical knowledge on clinical and/or scientific context and the kind of research being developed. Six independent reviewers collected data related to the PT production according to standardized questionnaires. The results evidenced that the area of PT has increased its publications along the ten CBB Proceedings. Despite positive findings, we noticed a lack of biomechanical studies aimed at investigating interventions in patients. Thus, we can suggest that clinical studies with a longitudinal design could be developed in order to improve the application of biomechanical tools in therapeutic settings and to contribute to evaluation procedures in PT.

Assessment of the genotoxic, antigenotoxic, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic fruit extract of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hill. (Solanaceae) by micronucleus test in mice.

Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hill. (Family Solanaceae), popularly known in Brazil as lobeira, is a common weed in the Brazilian Cerrado vegetation. The fruits of this species have been used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine as a sedative, diuretic, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolemic agent as well as in the control of obesity. Due to the spreading use of this plant as a therapeutic resource and food, the present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of S. lycocarpum ethanolic fruit extract using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Both genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of this ethanolic fruit extract were evaluated by using the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, whereas cytotoxicity was assessed by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio. Our results indicated that although S. lycocarpum ethanolic fruit extract did not exhibit genotoxic effect in mice bone marrow, both cytotoxic and antigenotoxic actions were evidenced at all tested doses.