Research on Village Type Identification and Development Strategy under the Background of Rural Revitalization: A Case of Gaochun District in Nanjing, China.

In the context of rural revitalization, it is of great significance for the implementation of a Rural Revitalization Strategy to carry out the research on scientifically identifying village types and clarifying the differences and pluralistic trends within villages. Taking Gaochun District of Nanjing in China as an example, this paper constructs an index system of development level and reconstruction intensity from a dynamic and static perspective, uses the polygon area method to calculate the comprehensive score of each index, divides village types based on the combination of development level and reconstruction intensity, and then puts forward the differentiated development strategies of various villages. The results show that the identification method of village types based on combined features is multi-dimensional and comprehensive, and the recognition results are more in line with the objective reality. Villages in Gaochun district have a medium overall development level and high overall reconstruction intensity. There are a large number of low-value villages with development level and high-value villages with reconstruction intensity. According to the three-step strategy of village type identification, the list of characteristic villages, the location of villages and the characteristics of index combination, five village types were identified: the characteristic protection type, the urban-suburban integration type, the agglomeration and upgrading type, the improvement and development type, and the relocation and merger type.

[Analysis of status quo of outcome indicators of randomized controlled trials in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with acupuncture in recent three years].

To analyze the use of outcome indicators of randomized controlled trial(RCT) of acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in recent three years, so as to provide a basis for building a study on the core outcome indicators for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with acupuncture. The RCTs of acupuncture treatment for acute ischemic stroke in recent three years were collec-ted through computer retrieval of eight Chinese and English databases and two clinical trial registries at home and abroad. Literature was screened out, and data was extracted. Risk of assessment bias tool Cochrane 6.1 was used for bias risk assessment, outcome indicators were summarized and analyzed. A total of 47 RCTs were included, and 3 studies were trials registration scheme. Outcome indicators were divided into 6 categories according to functional attributes, namely physical symptoms/signs, physical and chemical examination, quality of life, traditional Chinese medicine symptoms/syndromes, safety events and long-term prognosis. The study found that in addition to the common problems in previous studies covered by the status quo of outcome indicators selection of RCT of acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there were also the other problems as follows: emphasis on macroscopic efficacy indicators but neglect of acupuncture specific indicators, lack of characteristic indicators and economic indicators of traditional Chinese medicine therapy, and unification of indicators measurement tool and measurement time point. In the future, the outcome indicators set for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with acupuncture shall be established, and the core outcome indicators set shall be in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

An overview of removing heavy metals from sewage sludge: Achievements and perspectives.

The removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge (SS) is attracting increasing attention because the presence of toxic heavy metals in SS restricts its reuse or disposal, especially on land. This review presents an overview of research on the origin and chemical speciation of heavy metals in SS and describes methods for their removal. SS primarily absorbs heavy metals from wastewater via passive sorption and active uptake of biomass, resulting in the different chemical speciation. The advantages and disadvantages of the current methods for the removal of heavy metals from SS are analysed. The current methods focus on the removal efficiencies of heavy metals, which are high enough to meet the standard of land application, but the treatment cost, the change and retention of nutrients, and the effects on SS properties resulting from heavy metal removal are usually ignored. In this review, the main knowledge gaps are identified and proposals for future research are made. These should comprise determining the underlying mechanisms of current removal methods, optimising and integrating the removal methods, and establishing systematic evaluation standards for these methods. This review will help researchers develop new environmentally and economically friendly methods for the removal of heavy metals from SS.

Knockdown of LncRNA MALAT1 contributes to the suppression of inflammatory responses by up-regulating miR-146a in LPS-induced acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a type of severe pulmonary inflammatory disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Now, an increasing number of studies suggest that lncRNAs may act as key regulators of the inflammatory response and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Our study firstly explored the function and underlying mechanism of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcription 1 (MALAT1) in regulating the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. METHODS: The ALI rats were constructed by intratracheal instillation with LPS. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histological examination were performed to detect histopathological changes in the lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentrations of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in the supernatants of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was employed to assess the expression of MALAT1, miR-146a, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in lung tissues. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to detect the relationship between MALAT1 and miR-146a. RESULTS: The results revealed that MALAT1 knockdown played a protective role in the LPS-induced ALI rat model. In addition, knockdown of MALAT1 in vitro inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine alveolar macrophages cell line MH-S and murine alveolar epithelial cell line MLE-12. This study found that MALAT1 acts as a molecular sponge for miR-146a and MALAT1 negatively regulated miR-146a expression. Mechanistically, MALAT1 overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effect of miR-146a on LPS-induced inflammatory response in MH-S. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our study provided the first evidence that MALAT1 knockdown could suppress inflammatory response by up-regulating miR-146a in LPS-induced ALI, which provided a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.

Assessment of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between simvastatin and Ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy subjects.

1. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is one of the most commonly used herbal remedies worldwide. It is usually concomitantly administrated with statins to treat diseases in geriatric patients. We aim to determine the influence of GBE on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of simvastatin, which is currently unknown. 2. An open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, balanced, crossover study was performed in 14 healthy volunteers. Subjects received simvastatin 40 mg once daily, co-treated with placebo or GBE 120 mg twice daily. Each treatment was administered for 14 d, separated by a wash-out period of 1 month. Simvastatin, simvastatin acid and lipoprotein concentrations were assessed. 3. GBE administration reduced mean simvastatin area under the curve (AUC)0-24, AUC0-∞ and Cmax by 39% (p = 0.000), 36%(p = 0.001) and 32% (p = 0.002), respectively, but did not cause significant differences in simvastatin acid PK or its cholesterol-lowering efficacy. 4. GBE consumption decreased simvastatin system exposure, but did not affect simvastatin acid PK. However, we cannot rule out the possibility for a pharmacodynamic interaction between GBE and simvastatin in vivo.