Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metabolic syndrome at baseline of a multicentric Brazilian cohort: ELSA-Brasil study.

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method to measure insulin resistance. HOMA-IR cut-offs for identifying metabolic syndrome might vary across populations and body mass index (BMI) levels. We aimed to investigate HOMA-insulin resistance cut-offs that best discriminate individuals with insulin resistance and with metabolic syndrome for each BMI category in a large sample of adults without diabetes in the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Among the 12,313 participants with mean age of 51.2 (SD 8.9) years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.6%, and 60.1% had overweight or obesity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among normal weight, overweight and obesity categories were, respectively, 13%, 43.2% and 60.7%. The point of maximum combined sensitivity and specificity of HOMA-IR to discriminate the metabolic syndrome was 2.35 in the whole sample, with increasing values at higher BMI categories. This investigation contributes to better understanding HOMA-IR values associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in a large Brazilian adult sample, and that use of cut-off points according to ROC curve may be the better strategy. It also suggests that different values might be appropriate across BMI categories.

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metabolic syndrome at baseline of a multicentric Brazilian cohort: ELSA-Brasil study / Modelo de avaliação da homeostase de resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR) e síndrome metabólica na linha de base de uma coorte brasileira multicêntrica: estudo ELSA-Brasil / Modelo homeostático para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR) y síndrome metabólico en la línea de base de una cohorte brasileña multicéntrica: estudio ELSA-Brasil

Abstract: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method to measure insulin resistance. HOMA-IR cut-offs for identifying metabolic syndrome might vary across populations and body mass index (BMI) levels. We aimed to investigate HOMA-insulin resistance cut-offs that best discriminate individuals with insulin resistance and with metabolic syndrome for each BMI category in a large sample of adults without diabetes in the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Among the 12,313 participants with mean age of 51.2 (SD 8.9) years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.6%, and 60.1% had overweight or obesity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among normal weight, overweight and obesity categories were, respectively, 13%, 43.2% and 60.7%. The point of maximum combined sensitivity and specificity of HOMA-IR to discriminate the metabolic syndrome was 2.35 in the whole sample, with increasing values at higher BMI categories. This investigation contributes to better understanding HOMA-IR values associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in a large Brazilian adult sample, and that use of cut-off points according to ROC curve may be the better strategy. It also suggests that different values might be appropriate across BMI categories.

Resumo: O modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR) é um método para medir a resistência à insulina. Os pontos de corte do HOMA-IR para identificar a síndrome metabólica podem variar entre as populações e os níveis de índice de massa corporal (IMC). Nosso objetivo foi investigar os pontos de corte do HOMA-IR que melhor discriminam indivíduos com resistência à insulina e com síndrome metabólica para cada categoria de IMC em uma grande amostra de adultos sem diabetes na linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Entre os 12.313 participantes com média de idade de 51,2 (DP 8,9) anos, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi de 34,6%, e 60,1% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade. As prevalências de síndrome metabólica nas categorias de peso normal, sobrepeso e obesidade foram, respectivamente, 13%, 43,2% e 60,7%. O ponto de máxima sensibilidade e especificidade combinadas do HOMA-IR para discriminar a síndrome metabólica foi de 2,35 em toda a amostra, com valores crescentes nas categorias de IMC mais elevadas. Esta investigação contribui para o melhor entendimento dos valores de HOMA-IR associados à resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica em uma grande amostra de adultos brasileiros, e que o uso de pontos de corte de acordo com a curva ROC pode ser a melhor estratégia. Também sugere que valores diferentes podem ser apropriados nas categorias de IMC.

Resumen: El modelo homeostático para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR) es un método para medir la resistencia a la insulina. Los cortes HOMA-IR para identificar el síndrome metabólico pueden variar entre las poblaciones y los niveles del índice de masa corporal (IMC). El objetivo fue investigar los cortes de HOMA-IR que mejor discriminaban individuos con resistencia a la insulina y con síndrome metabólico para cada categoría de IMC, en una extensa muestra de adultos sin diabetes en la base de referencia del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Entre los 12.313 participantes con una media de edad de 51,2 años (DE 8,9), la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue 34,6%, y un 60,1% sufría sobrepeso u obesidad. La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico entre las categorías: peso normal, sobrepeso y obesidad fueron respectivamente, 13%, 43,2% y 60,7%. El punto de máxima sensibilidad combinada y especificidad de HOMA-IR para discriminar el síndrome metabólico fue 2,35 en toda la muestra, con valores crecientes en las categorías de IMC más altas. Esta investigación contribuye a entender mejor los valores HOMA-IR, asociados con resistencia a la insulina y síndrome metabólico en una gran muestra de adultos brasileños, además del planteamiento de que el uso de puntos de corte según la curva ROC es quizás la mejor estrategia a seguir. También sugiere que valores diferentes pueden ser apropiados a través de las categorías de IMC.

Physical Activity and Lipid Profile in the ELSA- Brasil Study / Atividade Física e Perfil Lipídico no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil)

Abstract Background: Regular physical activity (PA) induces desirable changes in plasma levels of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively) and triglycerides (TG), important risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. However, doubts whether intensity and duration have equivalent benefits remain. Objective: To assess the association of PA intensity and duration with HDL, LDL and TG levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 12,688 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline, who were not on lipid-lowering medication. After adjustment for important covariates, multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of PA intensity and duration with HDL, LDL and TG (natural logarithm) levels. Results: Both moderate and vigorous PA and PA practice ≥ 150 min/week were significantly associated with higher HDL and lower TG levels. Vigorous PA was associated with lower LDL only on univariate analysis. After adjustments, moderate and vigorous PA increased mean HDL level by 0.89 mg/dL and 1.71 mg/dL, respectively, and reduced TG geometric mean by 0.98 mg/dL and 0.93 mg/dL, respectively. PA practice ≥ 150 min/week increased mean HDL level by 1.05 mg/dL, and decreased TG geometric mean by 0.98 mg/dL. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the benefits of both PA parameters studied on HDL and TG levels, with a slight advantage for vigorous PA as compared to the recommendation based only on PA duration.

Resumo Fundamento: A prática regular de atividade física (AF) induz alterações desejáveis nos níveis das lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) e de baixa densidade (LDL) e dos triglicérides (TG), importantes fatores de risco cardiometabólico, mas persistem dúvidas se intensidade e duração da AF têm benefícios equivalentes. Objetivo: Investigar a associação da intensidade e da duração da AF com os níveis de HDL, LDL e TG. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 12.688 participantes da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto que não usavam medicação para controle de lipídeos. Regressão linear múltipla foi usada para avaliar a associação, após ajustes por fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde, entre a intensidade e a duração da AF e os níveis de HDL, LDL e TG (logaritmo natural). Resultados: AF moderada e vigorosa bem como a prática de AF ≥ 150 min/semana foram associadas a maiores níveis de HDL. Maior intensidade de AF e AF ≥ 150 min/semana foram associadas a menores níveis de TG. Após ajustes, AF moderada e AF vigorosa aumentaram a média de HDL em 0,89 mg/dL e 1,71 mg/dL, respectivamente, e reduziram a média geométrica de TG em 0,98 mg/dL e 0,93 mg/dL, respectivamente. AF ≥ 150 min/semana aumentou a média de HDL em 1,05 mg/dL e reduziu a média geométrica de TG em 0,98 mg/dL. Conclusão: Nossos resultados reforçam os benefícios da AF sobre níveis de HDL e TG, sugerindo vantagem para a intensidade vigorosa quando comparada à recomendação baseada apenas na duração da AF.

Physical Activity and Lipid Profile in the ELSA- Brasil Study.

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity (PA) induces desirable changes in plasma levels of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively) and triglycerides (TG), important risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. However, doubts whether intensity and duration have equivalent benefits remain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of PA intensity and duration with HDL, LDL and TG levels. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 12,688 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline, who were not on lipid-lowering medication. After adjustment for important covariates, multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of PA intensity and duration with HDL, LDL and TG (natural logarithm) levels. RESULTS: Both moderate and vigorous PA and PA practice ≥ 150 min/week were significantly associated with higher HDL and lower TG levels. Vigorous PA was associated with lower LDL only on univariate analysis. After adjustments, moderate and vigorous PA increased mean HDL level by 0.89 mg/dL and 1.71 mg/dL, respectively, and reduced TG geometric mean by 0.98 mg/dL and 0.93 mg/dL, respectively. PA practice ≥ 150 min/week increased mean HDL level by 1.05 mg/dL, and decreased TG geometric mean by 0.98 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce the benefits of both PA parameters studied on HDL and TG levels, with a slight advantage for vigorous PA as compared to the recommendation based only on PA duration.

Diet assessment in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): Development of a food frequency questionnaire / Avaliação da dieta no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil): desenvolvimento do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to present the development of the Food Frequency Questionaire used in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil and analyze how diet exposes individuals to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes Mellitus. METHODS: The Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil dietary assessment instrument is based on a previously validated Food Frequency Questionaire and the final list of items took into consideration a study done in the six Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil investigation centers. RESULTS: New foods/preparations were included in the Food Frequency Questionaire with their respective portions, totaling 114 items. The perspectives of dietary analysis and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are presented in Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil. CONCLUSION: A new instrument was developed to cover the regional particularities of the study population.

OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar utilizado no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto e as perspectivas de análise da dieta, como exposição a doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. MÉTODOS: O instrumento de avaliação dietética do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto foi construído a partir de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar previamente validado. A lista final de itens alimentares levou em consideração um levantamento realizado nos seis centros de investigação do estudo em questão. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos novos alimentos/preparações no Questionário de Frequência Alimentar, com as respectivas porções, perfazendo um total de 114 itens. São apresentadas as perspectivas de análise da dieta e doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto. CONCLUSÃO: Desenvolveu-se um novo instrumento que busca atender especificidades regionais contempladas na população do estudo.

Different criteria for assessment of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass success: does only weight matter?

BACKGROUND: Medium and long-term efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has previously been demonstrated. However, weight-loss success criteria could be influenced by super-obesity prevalence at baseline. Here, we describe a 5-year follow-up concerning weight loss results, comorbidities, and mortality of a RYGBP Brazilian population with a high prevalence (60.6%) of super-obesity. METHODS: One hundred ninety-three patients (142 female, 51 male) submitted to RYGBP were studied. Preoperative and follow-up body mass index (BMI), percent excess weight loss (%EWL), percent BMI loss (%EBL), and comorbidities were analyzed. Analysis of success was based on %EWL, Reinhold modified by Christou, and Biron criteria. RESULTS: Five-year follow-up rates were 91.9%, 82.0%, 71.1%, 71.2%, 72.5%, respectively. By 2 years of follow-up, the rates of success based on %EWL, Reinhold modified by Christou, and Biron criteria were 90.4%, 63.4%, and 87.0%, respectively. By 5 years, these rates were 78.0%, 50.0%, and 74.0%, respectively. There was significant and persistent reduction of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Super-obesity was associated with the worst weight-loss results by modified Reinhold criteria, despite a significant reduction of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: In the super-obese population, RYGBP was very efficient, contributing to significant weight loss and reduction in comorbidities. Mortality was more frequent than international rates, but this was most likely due to the severity of the cohort baseline. Success rates were different according to each criterion, but reaching BMI < 35 kg/m(2) was not necessary for improvement in comorbidities.