RESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The authors, after a brief historical review of the theme, review the articles published in the last year. The purpose is to verify how the field has moved on during this period, as a constant increase of legal and social controls on the medical profession is perceived. RECENT FINDINGS: Surprisingly, very few articles treating directly the theme reviewed were found. The better part of the articles examined legal aspects of the medical profession in a nonsystematic way. Among the ones selected those that dealt with internal controls (produced by the professional categories such as the Clinical Practice Guidelines) and those that dealt with external controls (produced by other social groups) could be identified. SUMMARY: The authors conclude that the existence of limits and internal and external controls is fundamental for a professional medical practice of quality. However, the excess of controls, which causes a defensive attitude, may negatively interfere in the quality of the care offered to patients.