Assessment of binding interaction to salmon sperm DNA of two antiviral agents and ecofriendly nanoparticles: comprehensive spectroscopic study.

The direct binding of antiviral agents; Daclatasvir and valacyclovir and green synthesized nanoparticles to salmon sperm DNA have been assessed in a comparative study. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal autoclave method and have been fully characterized. The interactive behavior and competitive binding of the analytes to DNA in addition to the thermodynamic properties were deeply investigated by the UV-visible spectroscopy. The binding constants were monitored in the physiological pH conditions to be 1.65 × 106, 4.92 × 105 and 3.12 × 105 for daclatasvir,valacyclovir and quantum dots, respectively. The significant changes in the spectral features of all analytes have proven intercalative binding. The competitive study has confirmed that, daclatasvir, valacyclovir, and the quantum dots have exhibited groove binding. All analytes have shown good entropy and enthalpy values indicating stable interactions. The electrostatic and non-electrostatic kinetic parameters have been determined through studying the binding interactions at different concentrations of KCl solutions. A molecular modelling study has been applied to demonstrate the binding interactions and their mechanisms. The obtained results were complementary and afforded new eras for the therapeutic applications.

Impurity profiling high-performance-thin-layer chromatography method involving the assay of essential human micronutrient niacin with eco-scale assessment.

Currently, analytical scientists are paying special attention to reducing reliance on hazardous chemicals in various analytical methods. By embracing this concept, we developed an eco-friendly high-performancethin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method as an alternative for the conventional HPLC method for the determination of an essential human micronutrient, niacin (NIA), which is used improve the lipid profile of patients. Furthermore, the proposed HPTLC method is capable of determining the structurally related impurities of NIA such as pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, isonicotinic acid, pyridine, and 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, which exhibit nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects. The separation of this challenging mixture was achieved on HPTLC sheets using a mixture of ethyl acetate/ethanol/ammonia solution (6:4:0.05, v/v/v), and then the dried plates were scanned at 254 nm. The analytical eco-scale assessment protocol was used to assess the greenness profile of the presented method and compare it with the reported HPLC method. The suggested method was found to be greener with regard to the consumption of solvents and the yielding of waste. The results suggest that the described method can be safely implemented for the routine analysis of NIA pharmaceutical dosage without the interference of potential impurities in quality control laboratories.