Source identification and risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediment of China Sea by combining APCA-MLR receptor model and lead isotope analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the distribution, pollution, risk and sources of trace metals in sediments along China Sea. Clear spatial variations were found for Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, and Pb, whereas As did not show spatial variation. East China Sea (ECS) contained the highest concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, South China Sea (SCS) shallow sea contained the highest concentrations of Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, and Pb, whereas coral reefs contained the lowest concentrations of trace metals. Spatial variations could be explained by economic development characteristics along China Sea. As, Se and Cd exhibited low to moderate pollution in China Sea sediment, yet pollution for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Ag appeared in some regions. Sediment in ECS had moderate ecological risks and other regions at low ecological risks. The absolute principle component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and Pb stable isotope indicated that 43-74% of trace metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb) were derived from anthropogenic sources like traffic emission, agricultural activities, industrial source. No pollution and ecological risk were observed in coral reefs, yet 39-71% (Pb) was derived from anthropogenic activities such as motor vessels.

Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, 1990-2019: a decomposition and age-period-cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Identifying past temporal trends in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-associated liver cancer (NALC) can increase public awareness of the disease and facilitate future policy development. METHODS: Annual deaths and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) for NALC from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The long-term trend and the critical inflection of mortality of NALC were detected by Joinpoint analysis. Age-period-cohort analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of age, period, and cohort. Last, decomposition analysis was used to reveal the aging and population growth effects for NALC burden. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, the ASDR of NALC witnessed an overall declining trend on a global scale, with a decrease in females and a stable trend in males. However, the global ASDR demonstrated a significant upward trend from 2010 to 2019. Southern sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia have the highest NALC burdens, while high socio-demographic index (SDI) region experienced the fastest escalation of NALC burdens over 30 years. The decomposition analysis revealed that population growth and aging were the primary catalysts behind the increase in global NALC deaths. Age-period-cohort analyses showed that NALC mortality declined the fastest among females aged 40-45 years in high SDI region, accompanied by a deteriorating period effect trend during the period of 2010-2019. CONCLUSION: The global absolute deaths and ASDR of NALC have witnessed a rise in the past decade, with populations exhibiting considerable disparities based on sex, age, and region. Population growth, aging, and metabolism-related factors were the main factors behind the increase in global NALC deaths.

Newly identified HMO-2011-type phages reveal genomic diversity and biogeographic distributions of this marine viral group.

Viruses play critical roles in influencing biogeochemical cycles and adjusting host mortality, population structure, physiology, and evolution in the ocean. Marine viral communities are composed of numerous genetically distinct subfamily/genus-level viral groups. Among currently identified viral groups, the HMO-2011-type group is known to be dominant and broadly distributed. However, only four HMO-2011-type cultivated representatives that infect marine SAR116 and Roseobacter strains have been reported to date, and the genetic diversity, potential hosts, and ecology of this group remain poorly elucidated. Here, we present the genomes of seven HMO-2011-type phages that were isolated using four Roseobacter strains and one SAR11 strain, as well as additional 207 HMO-2011-type metagenomic viral genomes (MVGs) identified from various marine viromes. Phylogenomic and shared-gene analyses revealed that the HMO-2011-type group is a subfamily-level group comprising at least 10 discernible genus-level subgroups. Moreover, >2000 HMO-2011-type DNA polymerase sequences were identified, and the DNA polymerase phylogeny also revealed that the HMO-2011-type group contains diverse subgroups and is globally distributed. Metagenomic read-mapping results further showed that most HMO-2011-type phages are prevalent in global oceans and display distinct geographic distributions, with the distribution of most HMO-2011-type phages being associated with temperature. Lastly, we found that members in subgroup IX, represented by pelagiphage HTVC033P, were among the most abundant HMO-2011-type phages, which implies that SAR11 bacteria are crucial hosts for this viral group. In summary, our findings substantially expand current knowledge regarding the phylogenetic diversity, evolution, and distribution of HMO-2011-type phages, highlighting HMO-2011-type phages as major ecological agents that can infect certain key bacterial groups.

Arsenic speciation in wild marine organisms and a health risk assessment in a subtropical bay of China.

The total arsenic (As) and As species were analyzed in 19 species of wild marine organisms collected from 12 locations in Daya Bay, China; additionally, both the levels of As in the seawater and sediments and the salinity were investigated. The greatest level of As was found in crabs (13.4-35.1 µg/g), followed by shrimps (8.52-27.6 µg/g), benthic fish (3.45-28.6 µg/g), and pelagic fish (1.22-5.23 µg/g). There were significantly positive correlations between the As concentrations in the benthic fish Callionymus richardsonii/shrimp Metapenaeopsis palmensis and those in sediments, indicating that As levels in them were highly dependent on those in the sediments. Arsenobetaine (AsB) (87.3-99.8%) was the most dominant form of As found in all marine organisms. In benthic fish and shrimp, the bioaccumulation of As, especially AsB, was positively correlated with the salinity of the seawater, indicating that the salinity could control the transfer of As. The calculated hazard quotients (HQs) of the inorganic As in the marine organisms were all <1; thus, there was no apparent health hazard through the consumption of wild marine organisms.