Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on g-C3 N4 : The Road of a Cost-Effective Clean Fuel Production.

Emerging artificial photosynthesis promises to offer a competitive means for solar energy conversion and further solves the energy crisis facing the world. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which is considered as a benign oxidant and a prospective liquid fuel, has received worldwide attention in the field of artificial photosynthesis on account of the source materials are just oxygen, water, and sunlight. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 )-based photocatalysts for H2 O2 generation have attracted extensive research interest due to the intrinsic properties of g-C3 N4 . In this review, research processes for H2 O2 generation on the basis of g-C3 N4 , including development, fabrication, merits, and disadvantages, and the state-of-the-art methods to enhance the performance are summarized after a brief introduction and the mechanism analysis of an efficient catalytic system. Also, recent applications of g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts for H2 O2 production are reviewed, and the significance of active sites and synthetic pathways are highlighted from the view of reducing barriers. Finally, this paper ends with some concluding remarks to reveal the issues and opportunities of g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts for producing H2 O2 in a high yield.

Where is the fruit? Multidimensional inequalities in food retail environments around public elementary schools.

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of convenience and small food stores may be contributing to the rising childhood obesity rate in the United States; however, the literature assessing food environments surrounding elementary schools in this country is relatively limited. This study determines (a) whether the food environments around public elementary schools is of significantly lower quality than those of other areas in the United States and (b) how the quality of the school food environment is associated with local socio-economic factors and geographical components. METHODS: Data for 52,375 public elementary schools as well as 96,652 convenience stores, 65,044 small food stores, and 44,383 supermarkets/grocery stores were obtained from the National Center of Education Statistics and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A two-sample t test was applied to compare the food environment within 0.5-mile buffer around schools and that in the remaining area of each county. A binomial regression model was constructed to examine the impact of socio-economic and geographical factors on unequal food environments. RESULTS: The food environment within 0.5 mile around schools is of significantly poorer quality than that of the rest of the test area (p < .001). The quality of the food environment around schools is highly associated with such socio-economic factors as median household income (OR = 1.000, p < .01) and percentage of minority population (OR = 0.989, p < .01). Quality also varies geographically, with poorer quality in the Midwest (OR = 0.722, p < .05) and northeast (OR = 0.328, p < .001) than in the south and west and lower quality in metro counties (OR = 0.627, p < .01) than in rural and nonmetro counties. CONCLUSION: Our findings stress the importance of awareness for improving food retail environments around elementary schools for the benefit of our children.

Different types of quantum integral inequalities via ( α , m ) -convexity.

In this paper, based on ( α , m ) -convexity, we establish different type inequalities via quantum integrals. These inequalities generalize some results given in the literature.

Extensions of different type parameterized inequalities for generalized [Formula: see text]-preinvex mappings via k-fractional integrals.

The authors discover a general k-fractional integral identity with multi-parameters for twice differentiable functions. By using this integral equation, the authors derive some new bounds on Hermite-Hadamard's and Simpson's inequalities for generalized [Formula: see text]-preinvex functions through k-fractional integrals. By taking the special parameter values for various suitable choices of function h, some interesting results are also obtained.

Certain new bounds considering the weighted Simpson-like type inequality and applications.

We investigate a weighted Simpson-type identity and obtain new estimation-type results related to the weighted Simpson-like type inequality for the first-order differentiable mappings. We also present some applications to f-divergence measures and to higher moments of continuous random variables.

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Elastography and Serological Markers in Assessment of Liver Fibrosis and Free Portal Pressure in Patients with Hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and FIB-4 in assessing liver fibrosis and free portal pressure in patients with hepatitis B. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 126 patients with hepatitis B who underwent liver surgery at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical School from February 2013 to August 2015. Preoperatively, shear wave velocity (SWV) of the liver was measured with the Siemens S2000 ultrasound system to reflect liver stiffness. Serological markers were collected and fibrosis indices APRI and FIB-4 were calculated. Intraoperatively, liver tissues were harvested and free portal pressure (FPP) was measured. Postoperatively, fibrosis of liver tissues was pathologically staged. RESULTS The results of SWV, APRI, FIB-4, and FPP were all correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis (Spearman correlation coefficients: r=0.777, P<0.001; r=0.526, P<0.001; r=0.471, P<0.001; p<0.000; r=0.675, p<0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) of ARFI, APRI, and FIB-4 in diagnosing liver fibrosis were 0.830, 0.768, and 0.717, respectively, for stage F≥1; 0.861, 0.773, and 0.754, respectively, for stage F≥2; 0.941, 0.793, and 0.779, respectively, for stage F≥3; and 0.945, 0.783, and 0.754, respectively, for stage F=4. SWV, APRI, and FIB-4 were all correlated with FPP (Pearson correlation coefficients: 0.387, P<0.001; 0.446, P<0.001; 0.419, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS ARFI, APRI, and FIB-4 can assess liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B when assessing the portal venous pressure. The difference in diagnostic efficacy between the 3 was not significant.