Assessment of a Mindfulness Meditation Elective in an Accelerated Doctor of Pharmacy Program.

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a live 14-week mindfulness elective course on the well-being of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students in an accelerated program.Methods. Pharmacy students enrolled in a mindfulness elective participated in weekly class sessions that included an eight-week mindfulness program geared toward emerging adults. Eight weekly reflections were assigned to students and evaluated using the Text iQ text-analysis tool in Qualtrics. Investigators analyzed the sentiment scores assigned by Text iQ to detect differences in the tone of student reflections over time.Results. Twenty-four students were enrolled in this elective, and 22 students submitted complete reflections for evaluation. Mean sentiment scores and the percentage of responses in sentiment score categories (very positive and positive, mixed and neutral, very negative and negative) for these reflections showed significant differences between weeks.Conclusion. The tone of student reflections was more positive after the students learned and incorporated mindfulness practice into their accelerated PharmD curriculum.

Practical considerations for optimal transdermal drug delivery.

PURPOSE: The properties of various transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) products are reviewed, with safety recommendations and guidance on addressing questions frequently posed by patients and caregivers. SUMMARY: Drug delivery via a TDDS can offer many advantages over other methods of administration, but those benefits can be compromised by improper use or alteration of medication patches or a lack of awareness of the properties of different patch types (reservoir, matrix, drug-in-adhesive). To assess current TDDS technologies and recommended practices for safe and effective use of medication patches, a literature search for articles on commonly used TDDS products available in the United States was conducted; supplemental information was obtained from package inserts and through direct communication with manufacturers. In addition to recommendations on the site and duration of TDDS application and proper patch disposal, clinicians must consider (1) potential problems with cutting patches as a method of dosage adjustment, (2) safety concerns related to the electric conductivity of metal-containing patches, (3) appropriate strategies for managing patch adhesion failures, and (4) the advisability of writing on patches for medication safety or compliance reasons. Clinicians should also be prepared to counsel patients about TDDS-specific recommendations on the avoidance of sunlight and other external heat sources during the use of a medication patch. CONCLUSION: Practical considerations related to transdermal drug delivery include the appropriateness of cutting patches, the implications of their containing metallic components, and whether they may be covered with tape or written on. Manufacturers of patches provide some useful information on these topics.