Description of Solvent-Extractable Chemicals in Thermal Receipts and Toxicological Assessment of Bisphenol S and Diphenyl Sulfone.

Research on thermal receipts has previously focused on the toxic effects of dermal exposure from the most publicized developers (e.g., bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS)), while no studies have reported on the other solvent-extractable compounds therein. Diphenyl sulfone (DPS) is a sensitizer added to thermal receipts, but little is known about DPS concentrations in receipts or potential toxicity. Here, we quantified BPA, BPS, and DPS concentrations and tentatively identified the solvent-extractable compounds of thermal receipts collected from three South Dakota (USA) cities during 2016-2017. An immortalized chicken hepatic cell line, cultured as 3D spheroids, was used to screen effects of DPS, BPS, and 17ß estradiol (E2; 0.1-1000 µM) on cell viability and gene expression changes. These chemicals elicited limited cytotoxicity with LC50 values ranging from 113 to 143 µM, and induced dysregulation in genes associated with lipid and bile acid homeostasis. Taken together, this study generated novel information on solvent-extractable chemicals from thermal receipts and toxicity data for DPS.

Complete genome of Vibrio japonicus strain JCM 31412 T and assessment of the Nereis clade of the genus Vibrio.

Clade-based taxonomy has become a recognised means of classifying members of the family Vibrionaceae. A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) approach based on eight housekeeping genes can be used to infer phylogenetic relationships, which then groups species into monophyletic clades. Recent work on the Vibrionaceae clades added newly described species and updated existing relationships; the Nereis clade currently includes Vibrio nereis and Vibrio hepatarius. A publication characterising Vibrio japonicus as a novel species placed it within the Nereis clade, but this strain was not included in a recently published taxonomic update because a genome sequence was not available for phylogenetic assessment. To resolve this discrepancy and assess the taxonomic position of V. japonicus within the updated clades, we sequenced the complete genome of V. japonicus JCM 31412 T and conducted phylogenetic and genomic analyses of this clade. Vibrio japonicus remains within the Nereis clade and phylogenomic, average nucleotide identity (ANI), and average amino acid identity (AAI) analyses confirm this relationship. Additional genomic assessments on all Nereis clade members found gene clusters and inferred functionalities shared among the species. This work represents the first complete genome of a member of the Nereis clade and updates the clade-based taxonomy of the Vibrionaceae family.