RESUMO
How things are perceived from a distance may help better understand their nature. Perceptions at home are likely to shape perceptions abroad. The mutual cross-references between local and distant perspectives on the Italian Mental Health Law 180 may help understand the process which preceded and resulted in the reform. This editorial argues that Law 180 came about at a unique - enabling - time in history. It argues that the run-up to and passing of Law 180 constituted a great accomplishment by professionals, the wider public and politicians/administrators. This editorial goes on to argue that the profession managed to cope with (many) adverse effects of the reform. The attention that Law 180 has received internationally should be devoted to other national (or regional) mental health reform processes as this may help us to understand how mental health care systems evolve and what defines 'windows of (operative) opportunity' or 'moments for (public) action'.
Assuntos
Internação Compulsória de Doente Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Desinstitucionalização/legislação & jurisprudência , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Serviços de Saúde Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Itália , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Percepção , SugestãoRESUMO
History is nowadays used as an economic factor. The past is therefore specifically targeted and cultivated, which for specialist scientific associations and societies often fullfils totally different functions in comparison to the open market, although the techniques and requirements are similar. Within medical specialties these facts are often still unknown. Museums and archives as well as the historians and curators working in them are very familiar with the special cultures of communication within these scientific communities and they play a major role in the establishment and development of history as a modern part of public relations and public identity.
Assuntos
Comunicação , História da Medicina , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Opinião Pública , Relações Públicas , Sociedades Científicas/organização & administração , Urologia/história , Alemanha , História do Século XX , História do Século XXIRESUMO
Clinical economics requires an understanding of clinical relationships just like health economy requires an understanding of economic relationships. Hitherto we have ensured that economists can differentiate symptoms from diagnoses and diagnostics from screening at the interface between medicine and economy. However, we overlooked the fact that physicians should be able to understand the principles of marginal benefit and medical ethics, as well as the differences among efficacy, effectiveness, and benefit, to be able to make sound decisions. To make up for this neglected demand, we present our definition of clinical economics, identify the potential conflicts between medical professionalism and commercialized medicine, describe the importance - but also the limits - of scientific evidence, explain the difference between 'prioritization' and strict rationing, and attempt to justify the fact that the necessary changes in the provision of healthcare will probably only be achieved if we instill this new way of thinking in medical students during their medical education. Complementing the medical curriculum with clinical economics would achieve this goal.