RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is limited evidence to identify the most accurate method for measuring the mitral valve area (MVA) after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral repair. Our objective was to evaluate the optimal method in this context and its correlation with the mean transmitral gradient. METHODS: A registry of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral repair was conducted, analyzing different methods of measuring MVA and their correlation with the mean gradient. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 167 patients. The mean age was 76±10.3 years, 54% were men, and 46% were women. Etiology was degenerative in 45%, functional in 39%, and mixed in 16%. Postclip MVA measurements were 1.89±0.60 cm2 using pressure half-time (PHT), 2.87±0.83 cm2 using 3D planimetry, and the mean gradient was 3±1.19mmHg. MVA using 3D planimetry showed a stronger correlation with the mean gradient (r=0.46, P<.001) than MVA obtained by PHT (r=0.19, P=.048). Interobserver agreement was also higher with 3D planimetry than with PHT (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 vs 0.81 and variation coefficient of 9.6 vs 19.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the PHT method significantly underestimates MVA after clip implantation compared with direct measurement using transesophageal 3D planimetry. The latter method also correlates better with postimplantation gradients and has less interobserver variability. These results suggest that 3D planimetry is a more appropriate method for assessing postclip mitral stenosis.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Valva Mitral , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Idoso , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional/métodos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Recently the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has been declared a pandemic. Despite its aggressive extension and significant morbidity and mortality, risk factors are poorly characterized outside China. We designed a registry, HOPE COVID-19 (NCT04334291), assessing data of 1021 patients discharged (dead or alive) after COVID-19, from 23 hospitals in 4 countries, between 8 February and 1 April. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality aiming to produce a mortality risk score calculator. The median age was 68 years (IQR 52-79), and 59.5% were male. Most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (46.8%) and dyslipidemia (35.8%). A relevant heart or lung disease were depicted in 20%. And renal, neurological, or oncological disease, respectively, were detected in nearly 10%. Most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea at admission. 311 patients died and 710 were discharged alive. In the death-multivariate analysis, raised as most relevant: age, hypertension, obesity, renal insufficiency, any immunosuppressive disease, 02 saturation < 92% and an elevated C reactive protein (AUC = 0.87; Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p > 0.999; bootstrap-optimist: 0.0018). We provide a simple clinical score to estimate probability of death, dividing patients in four grades (I-IV) of increasing probability. Hydroxychloroquine (79.2%) and antivirals (67.6%) were the specific drugs most commonly used. After a propensity score adjustment, the results suggested a slight improvement in mortality rates (adjusted-ORhydroxychloroquine 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.91, p = 0.005; adjusted-ORantiviral 0.94; 95% CI 0.87-1.01; p = 0.115). COVID-19 produces important mortality, mostly in patients with comorbidities with respiratory symptoms. Hydroxychloroquine could be associated with survival benefit, but this data need to be confirmed with further trials. Trial Registration: NCT04334291/EUPAS34399.
Assuntos
COVID-19/mortalidade , Idoso , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/terapia , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pontuação de Propensão , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Background Sex-specific differences may influence prognosis after deferred revascularization following fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement. This study sought to investigate the sex differences in long-term prognosis of patients with deferred revascularization following FFR assessment. Methods and Results A total of 879 patients (879 vessels) with deferred revascularization with FFR >0.75 who underwent FFR and coronary flow reserve measurements were enrolled from 3 countries (Korea, Japan, and Spain). Long-term outcomes were assessed in 649 men and 230 women by the patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO, a composite of any death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization). We applied inverse-probability weighting based on propensity scores to account for differences at baseline between women and men (age, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, diameter stenosis, lesion length, multivessel disease, FFR, coronary flow reserve. The median follow-up duration was 1855 days (745-1855 days). Median FFR values were 0.88 (0.83-0.93) in men and 0.89 (0.85-0.94) in women, respectively. The occurrences of POCO were significantly high in men compared with that in women (10.5% versus 4.2%, P=0.007). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that women had a significantly lower risk of POCO (χ2=7.2, P=0.007). Multivariate COX proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that age, male, diabetes mellitus, diameter stenosis, lesion length, and coronary flow reserve were independent predictors of POCO. After applying IPW, the hazard ratio of males for POCO was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.07-4.04, P=0.032). Conclusions This large multinational study reveals that long-term outcome differs between women and men in favor of women after FFR-guided revascularization deferral. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02186093.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico/fisiologia , Revascularização Miocárdica , Sistema de Registros , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , República da Coreia , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: Functional assessment of non-culprit lesions (NCL) in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease constitutes an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in the functional assessment of NCL during the acute phase of STEMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective, observational, multicentre study including patients with STEMI and staged fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment of NCL. QFR in NCL was calculated from the coronary angiogram acquired during primary PCI in a blinded fashion with respect to FFR. The diagnostic value of QFR in the STEMI population was compared with a propensity score-matched population of stable angina patients. Eighty-two patients (91 NCL) were included. Target lesions were of both angiographic and functional (mean FFR 0.82±0.09) intermediate severity. The diagnostic performance of QFR was high (AUC 0.91 [95% CI: 0.85-0.97]) and similar to that observed in the matched control population (AUC 0.91 vs 0.94, p=0.5). The diagnostic accuracy of QFR was very high (>95%) in those vessels (61.5%) with QFR values out of a ROC-defined "grey zone" (0.75-0.85). A hybrid FFR/QFR approach (FFR only when QFR is in the grey zone) would adequately classify 96.7% of NCL, avoiding 58.5% of repeat diagnostic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: QFR has a good diagnostic accuracy in assessing the functional relevance of NCL during primary PCI, similar to the accuracy observed in stable patients.
Assuntos
Estenose Coronária/cirurgia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/cirurgia , Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Female sex has been associated with differences in diagnostic and management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our aim was to analyze sex differences in ACS with interventional management in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Patients with ACS admitted to a Spanish tertiary care referral center were included prospectively and consecutively. All patients included in the study underwent a coronary angiography. RESULTS: From the total cohort of 1214 patients, 290 (24%) were women. Women were older (71⯱â¯12.8 vs 64⯱â¯13.4â¯years, pâ¯<â¯0.001) and showed lower ischemic risk and higher hemorrhagic risk scores (GRACE 159⯱â¯45 vs 171⯱â¯42, pâ¯=â¯0.005; CRUSADE 41⯱â¯19 vs 28⯱â¯17, pâ¯<â¯0.001). There were no significant differences in time to coronary angiography and revascularization rates between sex groups. A lower proportion of women received high-potency antiplatelet agents (29% vs 41.3%, pâ¯=â¯0.004). In-hospital evolution and one-year mortality were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our population, there were no gender differences in management and prognosis of ACS. Differences in risk profile among groups could have an influence on antiplatelet therapy.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Revascularização Miocárdica , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angiografia Coronária , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Revascularização Miocárdica/efeitos adversos , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to evaluate the influence of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) on the diagnostic performance of the quantitative flow ratio (QFR). BACKGROUND: Functional angiographic assessment of coronary stenoses based on fluid dynamics, such as QFR, constitutes an attractive alternative to fractional flow reserve (FFR). However, it is unknown whether CMD affects the reliability of angiography-based functional indices. METHODS: FFR and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) were measured in 300 vessels (248 patients) as part of a multicenter international registry. QFR was calculated at a blinded core laboratory. Vessels were classified into 2 groups according to microcirculatory status: low IMR (<23 U), and high IMR (≥23 U, CMD). The impact of CMD on the diagnostic performance of QFR, as well as on incremental value of QFR over quantitative angiography, was assessed using FFR as reference. RESULTS: Percent diameter stenosis (%DS) and FFR were similar in low- and high-IMR groups (%DS 51 ± 12% vs. 53 ± 11%; p = 0.16; FFR 0.80 ± 0.11 vs. 0.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.23, respectively). In the overall cohort, classification agreement (CA) between QFR and FFR and diagnostic efficiency of QFR (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve [AUC]) were high (CA: 88%; AUC: 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90 to 0.96]). However, when assessed according to microcirculatory status, a significantly lower CA and AUC of QFR were found in the high-IMR group as compared with the low-IMR group (CA: 76% vs. 92%; p < 0.001; AUC: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.94] vs. 0.96 [95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98]; p < 0.05). Compared with angiographic assessment, QFR increased by 0.20 (p < 0.001) and by 0.16 (p < 0.001) the AUC of %DS in low- and high-IMR groups, respectively. Independent predictors of misclassification between QFR and FFR were high IMR and acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: CMD decreases the diagnostic performance of QFR. However, even in the presence of CMD, QFR remains superior to angiography alone in ascertaining functional stenosis severity.
Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Microcirculação , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Estenose Coronária/fisiopatologia , Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seul , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronary aneurysms (1.5 times dilation the reference-vessel) are uncommon and have been diagnosed with increasing frequency with coronary angiography. The incidence varies from 1.5% to 5%. Reported complications are multiple: thrombosis, distal embolization, rupture and vasospasm, causing ischemia, heart failure or arrhythmias. However, the natural history and prognosis remains obscure. We aimed to describe the characteristics of acute patients with coronary aneurysms. METHODS: Prospective coronariography registry of patients with the diagnosis of coronary aneurysm between 2002 and 2013. Among 51,555 consecutive coronary angiograms, 414 patients with aneurysms were reported, of which 256 were considered acute (82% NSTE-ACS). RESULTS: Predominantly male (80%, mean age 65.5years), cardiovascular risk factors were common (hypertension 65%, dyslipidemia 65%, obesity 25%, diabetes mellitus 28.5%, and smokers 67%). With frequent coronary stenoses (94%), mostly with one aneurysm (80%), it was observed more frequently in the anterior descending artery. After a median follow-up of 52months, 53 died (14 cardiac causes) and 42% presented a cardiovascular event. Complications from the aneurysm were found in 4. The duration of dual antiplatelet therapy, LVEF, age and peripheral vascular disease highlighted in the multivariate analysis of death. CONCLUSION: The presence of coronary aneurysms in patients undergoing coronary angiography with an acute event is low. Patients who present them also have a large burden of atherosclerotic risk factors. In the long-term, the probability of cardiovascular complications is high, but only a small proportion are due to the aneurysm itself. A more intense and prolonged antithrombotic treatment may result in lower mortality rates.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Coronário/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Comorbidade , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Coronário/mortalidade , Aneurisma Coronário/terapia , Angiografia Coronária , Bases de Dados Factuais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIMS: The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is increasingly used to quantify microcirculatory function. However, in normal coronary arteries, resistance increases with the branching structure of the coronary tree, which suggests that IMR could be influenced by the amount of downstream myocardial mass (MM). We aimed to evaluate the influence of the amount of MM subtended to an intermediate stenosis on the IMR. METHODS AND RESULTS: IMR, fractional flow reserve and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were measured in 123 coronary arteries (102 patients) with intermediate stenosis. Jeopardised MM was estimated with the Myocardial Jeopardy Index (MJI). MM was inversely associated with IMR (R.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Estenose Coronária/fisiopatologia , Microcirculação/fisiologia , Resistência Vascular/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
A 62-year-old woman was admitted with chest pain of two hours' duration, ECG changes in the precordial leads and left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% on the echocardiogram. Emergent catheterization demonstrated severe flow disturbance in the left coronary artery. An intra-aortic balloon pump and a drug-eluting stent were implanted. However, the flow disturbance persisted. Optical coherence tomography followed by intravascular ultrasound provided crucial data on the mechanism and helped to optimize treatment in this critical patient.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem MultimodalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) network of Catalonia (Codi Infart). DESIGN: Cost-utility analysis. SETTING: The analysis was from the Catalonian Autonomous Community in Spain, with a population of about 7.5 million people. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with STEMI treated within the autonomous community of Catalonia (Spain) included in the IAM CAT II-IV and Codi Infart registries. OUTCOME MEASURES: Costs included hospitalisation, procedures and additional personnel and were obtained according to the reperfusion strategy. Clinical outcomes were defined as 30-day avoided mortality and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), before (N=356) and after network implementation (N=2140). RESULTS: A substitution effect and a technology effect were observed; aggregate costs increased by 2.6%. The substitution effect resulted from increased use of primary coronary angioplasty, a relatively expensive procedure and a decrease in fibrinolysis. Primary coronary angioplasty increased from 31% to 89% with the network, and fibrinolysis decreased from 37% to 3%. Rescue coronary angioplasty declined from 11% to 4%, and no reperfusion from 21% to 4%. The technological effect was related to improvements in the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure that increased efficiency, reducing the average length of the hospital stay. Mean costs per patient decreased from 8306 to 7874 for patients with primary coronary angioplasty. Clinical outcomes in patients treated with primary coronary angioplasty did not change significantly, although 30-day mortality decreased from 7.5% to 5.6%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio resulted in an extra cost of 4355 per life saved (30-day mortality) and 495 per QALY. Below a cost threshold of 30,000, results were sensitive to variations in costs and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The Catalan STEMI network (Codi Infart) is cost-efficient. Further studies are needed in geopolitical different scenarios.
Assuntos
Tempo de Internação/economia , Infarto do Miocárdio/economia , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/economia , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Sistema de Registros , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection type A is a disease with high mortality. Iatrogenic aortic dissection after interventional procedures is infrequent, and prognostic data are scarce. Our objective was to analyze its incidence, patient profile, and long-term prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2014, we retrospectively analyzed 74 patients with dissection of the ascending aorta. Clinical and procedural data were reviewed, and later, we performed a prospective clinical follow-up by telephone or in the office. The incidence of aortic dissection was 0.06%. Our patients, predominantly male (67.6%), had a mean age of 66.9±10.8 years. With multiple cardiovascular risk factors, the main reason for cardiac catheterization was an acute coronary syndrome (n=54). The complication was detected acutely in all, trying to engage the right coronary artery in 47 and the left main artery in 30 and after other maneuvers in 2, mostly complex therapeutic procedures (78.4%). A coronary artery was involved in 45 patients (60.8%). Thirty-five patients underwent an angioplasty and stent implantation; 3 had cardiac surgery; and 36 were managed conservatively. Two patients died of cardiogenic shock after the dissection. After a median follow-up of 51.2 months (range, 16.4-104.8 months), none of the remaining patients developed complications as a result of the dissection, progression, ischemia, pain, or dissection recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic catheter dissection of the aorta is a rare complication that carries an excellent short- and long-term prognosis with the adoption of a conservative approach. When a coronary artery is involved as an entry point, it usually can be safely sealed with a stent with good long-term outcomes.
Assuntos
Aorta/lesões , Aneurisma Aórtico/etiologia , Dissecção Aórtica/etiologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/complicações , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica/epidemiologia , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Dissecção Aórtica/terapia , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Aneurisma Aórtico/epidemiologia , Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Aneurisma Aórtico/terapia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/mortalidade , Stents , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intravenous adenosine infusion produces coronary and systemic vasodilatation, generally leading to systemic hypotension. However, adenosine-induced hypotension during stable hyperemia is heterogeneous, and its relevance to coronary stenoses assessment with fractional flow reserve (FFR) remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: FFR, coronary flow reserve, and index of microcirculatory resistance were measured in 93 stenosed arteries (79 patients). Clinical and intracoronary measurements were analyzed among tertiles of the percentage degree of adenosine-induced hypotension, defined as follows: %ΔP(a)=-[100-(hyperemic aortic pressure×100/baseline aortic pressure)]. Overall, %ΔP(a) was -13.6±12.0%. Body mass index was associated with %ΔP(a) (r=0.258; P=0.025) and obesity, an independent predictor of profound adenosine-induced hypotension (tertile 3 of %ΔP(a); odds ratio, 3.95 [95% confidence interval, 1.48-10.54]; P=0.006). %ΔP(a) was associated with index of microcirculatory resistance (ρ=0.311; P=0.002), coronary flow reserve (r=-0.246; P=0.017), and marginally with FFR (r=0.203; P=0.051). However, index of microcirculatory resistance (ß=0.003; P<0.001) and not %ΔP(a) (ß=-0.001; P=0.564) was a predictor of FFR. Compared with tertiles 1 and 2 of %ΔP(a) (n=62 [66.6%]), stenoses assessed during profound adenosine-induced hypotension (n=31 [33.3%]) had lower index of microcirculatory resistance (12.4 [8.6-22.7] versus 20 [15.8-35.5]; P=0.001) and FFR values (0.77±0.13 versus 0.83±0.12; P=0.021), as well as a nonsignificant increase in coronary flow reserve (2.5±1.1 versus 2.2±0.87; P=0.170). CONCLUSIONS: The modification of systemic blood pressure during intravenous adenosine infusion is related to hyperemic microcirculatory resistance in the heart. Profound adenosine-induced hypotension is associated with obesity, lower coronary microcirculatory resistance, and lower FFR values.
Assuntos
Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico , Hipotensão/diagnóstico , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Adenosina/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estenose Coronária/complicações , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hipotensão/etiologia , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Early reperfusion of the occluded artery is the mainstay of the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and the best way to coordinate the resources to deliver optimal care as soon as possible is through STEMI networks. Coordination of the healthcare system is the responsibility of each of the 17 different autonomous communities in Spain. Since 2002, when the first STEMI network in Spain was established, six other communities have developed regional networks, covering 39% of the population in Spain. In the autonomous communities, after implementing an intervention model, an improvement in the reperfusion times with an increase in the number of primary percutaneous coronary interventions has been observed. This optimisation of the system has resulted in a decrease in the mortality rate among STEMI patients treated in Spanish communities with a STEMI network. Despite the encouraging advances, the challenge remains of assuring equity of treatment for all of our patients regardless of their region of residence.
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Planejamento Hospitalar/organização & administração , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Planejamento Hospitalar/normas , Humanos , Modelos Organizacionais , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Objetivos Organizacionais , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Tempo para o Tratamento/organização & administração , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The study sought to assess the diagnostic efficiency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in identifying hemodynamically severe coronary stenoses as determined by fractional flow reserve (FFR). Concomitant OCT and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) area measurements were performed in a subgroup of patients to compare the diagnostic efficiency of both techniques. BACKGROUND: The value of OCT to determine stenosis severity remains unsettled. METHODS: Sixty-one stenoses with intermediate angiographic severity were studied in 56 patients. Stenoses were labeled as severe if FFR ≤0.80. OCT interrogation was performed in all cases, with concomitant IVUS imaging in 47 cases. RESULTS: Angiographic stenosis severity was 50.9 ± 8% diameter stenosis with 1.28 ± 0.3 mm minimal lumen diameter. FFR was ≤0.80 in 28 (45.9%) stenoses. An overall moderate diagnostic efficiency of OCT was found (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61 to 0.84), with sensitivity/specificity of 82%/63% associated with an optimal cutoff value of 1.95 mm(2). Comparison of the results in patients with simultaneous IVUS and OCT imaging revealed no significant differences in the diagnostic efficiency of OCT (AUC: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.83) and IVUS (AUC. 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p = 0.19). Sensitivity/specificity for IVUS was 67%/65% for an optimal cutoff value of 2.36 mm(2). In the subgroup of small vessels (reference diameter <3 mm) OCT showed a significantly better diagnostic efficiency (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.89) than IVUS (AUC: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.78) to identify functionally significant stenoses (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: OCT has a moderate diagnostic efficiency in identifying hemodynamically severe coronary stenoses. Although OCT seems slightly superior to IVUS for this purpose (particularly in vessels <3 mm), its low specificity precludes its use as a substitute of FFR for functional stenosis assessment.
Assuntos
Estenose Coronária/patologia , Estenose Coronária/fisiopatologia , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Idoso , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study reports a comparative assessment of the hemodynamic relevance of myocardial bridges (MB) using two modalities of fractional flow reserve (FFR), with and without concomitant inotropic challenge. BACKGROUND: Extravascular coronary compression by means of MB is modulated by myocardial inotropism and causes intracoronary systolic pressure overshooting and negative systolic gradients across the MB. The former characteristic suggests that adequate hemodynamic assessment of MB should include inotropic stimulation. The latter characteristic might interfere with FFR by decreasing the mean pressure gradient. METHODS: We compared the hemodynamic relevance of 12 lone MB in symptomatic patients using conventional (mean) and diastolic FFR. Diastolic FFR was obtained from post-processed, digitally acquired electrocardiogram and pressure signals. Previously validated cut off values of 0.75 (mean FFR) and 0.76 (diastolic FFR) for hemodynamic relevance were used. Measurements were performed at baseline and after incremental intravenous dobutamine doses. RESULTS: Fractional flow reserve decreased during dobutamine challenge: mean FFR was 0.90 +/- 0.04 at baseline and 0.84 +/- 0.06 after dobutamine (p = 0.0008); similarly, diastolic FFR was 0.88 +/- 0.05 and 0.77 +/- 0.10 before and after dobutamine, respectively (p = 0.0006). Diastolic FFR identified hemodynamic relevance in five patients, whereas mean FFR did so in only one patient. The discrepancy between mean FFR and diastolic FFR increased with dobutamine challenge: the ratio of mean FFR/diastolic FFR was 1.03 at baseline and 1.09 after dobutamine (p = 0.02). During the administration of dobutamine, the discrepancy was inversely related to the systolic pressure gradient (r = 0.58, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic assessment of MB should include dobutamine challenge. Because the overshooting of systolic pressure interferes with and is a cause of error in FFR measurements based on mean pressures, diastolic FFR appears to be the technique of choice for MB assessment, whereas mean FFR should be used with caution.