Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Relações Dentista-Paciente , Soropositividade para HIV , Licenciamento em Odontologia , Obrigações Morais , Política Organizacional , Controle Social Formal , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Ética Odontológica , Governo Federal , Regulamentação Governamental , Humanos , Legislação Odontológica , Licenciamento em Odontologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Recusa em Tratar/legislação & jurisprudência , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Confidencialidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Prontuários Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Médico-Paciente , Adoção/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , Criança , Códigos de Ética , Atenção à Saúde/economia , Revelação , Ética Médica , Família , Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Responsabilidade Legal , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Current state laws regulating the licensure of dentists place severe restrictions upon the freedom of movement of practitioners. Most state laws were enacted during a period when a strong rationale for regulating public health and welfare existed. Today, these laws hamper the free movement of dentists and are anachronisms in an era of national standards and practices. The authors contend that the extant laws rest upon outdated assumptions and serve economic and protectionist goals rather than public health and safety. This Article examines the history and application of the traditional justifications for state licensure and their present ramifications. The authors suggest that replacing the current regulatory system with a national clinical examination and a national licensure program will best serve the interests of the public and the dental profession.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica/legislação & jurisprudência , Licenciamento em Odontologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Pública , Assistência Odontológica/economia , Assistência Odontológica/normas , Humanos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Conselhos de Especialidade Profissional , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The geometric component of the point spread function (PSF) of a gamma camera collimator can be determined analytically, and the penetration component can be calculated readily by numerical ray-tracing. A Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport which includes collimator scatter is developed. The simulation was implemented with an array processor which propagates up to 1024 photons in parallel, allowing accurate estimates of the total radial PSF in less than a day. The simulation was tested by imaging monoenergetic point sources of Tc-99m, Cr-51, and Sr-85 (140, 320, and 514 keV, respectively) on a General Electric Star Cam with low-energy, general-purpose, and medium-energy collimators. Comparisons of measured and simulated PSFs demonstrate the validity of the model and the significance of collimator scatter in the degradation of image quality.
RESUMO
A new endosseous dental implant system incorporating a porous-surface geometry with a tapered, truncated-cone shape was placed bilaterally in edentulous areas of dog mandibles in a two-stage procedure. All implants had been stabilized by bone ingrowth by the time of the second procedure (insertion of a transgingival collar and implant-supported bridge). The transgingival collar had a porous-surface geometry on its apical one-third, and was meant to encourage gingival connective tissue ingrowth and attachment, but in fact provided an excellent milieu for bacterial contamination. As a consequence, many of the implants showed clinical and radiographic signs of impending failure by eight months. Only those implants for which the porous coat, including that of the transgingival collar, was completely submerged in bone were observed to be successful. This study reports on the radiographic and clinical assessment of this implant system in dogs during the period of function.