[Predisposing factors of pregnancy in adolescents]. / Prädisponierende Faktoren einer Schwangerschaft bei Jugendlichen.

PIP: Results of a study of social characteristics and sexual development of 107 pregnant and 228 nonpregnant adolescents aged 14-19 are presented and compared to earlier findings. The pregnant girls were interviewed after applying for abortions. Fathers of the pregnant girls were found to have had significnatly less education. The pregnant girls had an average of 2.4 siblings compared to 1.7 in the control group, and 32.6% came from families with 3 or more children compared to 20.4% in the control group. 24.2% of the pregnant adolescents lived in incomplete homes compared to 11.8% of controls. 82.2% of pregnant and 88.6% of control subjects reported their family life to be good or very good. A significantly higher proportion in the control group had good or very good school performance and behavior. No significant difference was noted in age at menarche or 1st heterosexual contact. The pregnant girls engaged in genital stimulation and intercourse at significantly earlier ages than the controls, had less knowledge and use of contraceptives, and had fewer female friends. Results of the study are summarized and compared with previous work in the broad areas of social situation and sexual development. 2 concepts of predisposing factors to adolescent pregnancy, 1 using physical precocity as a starting point and the other, environmental risks such as disturbed family life, early sexual contact and frequent changes of partners, are contrasted and questioned. Adequate sex education and better instruction on contraception and contraceptive behavior, particularly for male adolescents, are seen as the best strategies for reducing unwanted pregnancies in adolescents.^ieng

[Assessment of liver function using indocyanine green (Ujoviridin) during normal pregnancy, during labor and in puerperium]. / Beurteilung der Leberfunktion mit Indocyaningün (Ujoviridin) während der normalen Schwangerschaft, unter der Geburt und im Wochenbett.

Indocyaningreen (ICG) was given for the characterize of the excretion function of the liver during the course of normal pregnancy, sub partu and post partum. Studies were performed in 168 primi- and multigravidas with normal medical and obstetric histories (mean age of 23,5 years). 0,5 mg ICG/kg body mass were injected intravenously as a bolus. 18 healthy nonpregnant women served as controls (mean age of 24,2 years). In the I. and II. trimester of pregnancy the elimination of ICG was not decreased in comparison to the controls (3,64 +/- 0,86). The increased retention of ICG in the 40th week of pregnancy (4,67 +/- 0,41) and during labor (7,02 +/- 2,32) are caused through the physiological alterations of pregnancy. No placental transfer of the dye could be detected by simultaneous measurement of ICG in the maternal and fetal cord blood. During the post partum period the elimination of ICG will be normal. ICG is recommend instead of Bromsulfaleine (BSP) for the estimation of excretion function of the liver during pregnancy and childbed.