RESUMO
Diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer are noncommunicable diseases representing the main global health challenges of the current century [...].
RESUMO
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is increasingly employed in oncology. National and international endocrine and oncologic scientific societies have provided guidelines for the management of endocrine immune-related adverse events. However, guidelines recommendations differ according to the specific filed, particularly pertaining to recommendations for the timing of endocrine testing. In this position paper, a panel of experts of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), and Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) offers a critical multidisciplinary consensus for a clear, simple, useful, and easily applicable endocrine-metabolic assessment checklist for cancer patients on immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Itália , Lista de Checagem , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/induzido quimicamente , Oncologia/métodosAssuntos
Pessoal de Laboratório Médico/psicologia , Segurança do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Gestão de Riscos/ética , Carga de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/normas , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/ética , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Antígenos da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos da Hepatite B/genética , Antígenos da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Itália/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Laboratório Médico/economia , Pessoal de Laboratório Médico/normas , Isolamento de Pacientes/normas , Segurança do Paciente/normas , Diálise Renal/métodos , Local de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Notwithstanding massive efforts and investment in improving cancer therapy, the limited progress made in reducing overall mortality has mostly been achieved through early diagnosis. Mortality rates for cardiovascular disease are in decline, a success attributable in large part to an active prevention approach coupled with identification of risk factors and biomarkers. Promising natural and synthetic molecules including numerous flavonoids have the potential to be used in diabetes care and in prevention of cardiovascular pathologies. These concepts should also be applied to cancer, the incidence of which continues to increase. In cancer chemoprevention low toxicity drugs or dietary constituents are used to prevent or delay onset of malignancy. Evidence is accumulating that cancer chemoprevention is a valuable weapon against human cancer. For example, doubling of fruit and fiber intake is associated with reduction of colorectal cancer whereas fat food consumption appears to increase malignant progression of certain tumors. Breast, colorectal and prostate cancer are the most suitable cancers for dietary prevention and scientists have strong data in these cancers at basic, translational, clinical and epidemiological levels, due to experimental evidence and the large EPIC study. Physical activity is also crucial. Yet, cancer chemoprevention research in oncology is largely underrepresented and lags far behind the efforts dedicated to therapy; it is important to close this gap. Few European phase III clinical trials are ongoing and systematic development of novel agents for cancer prevention is rare in Europe.