Mediating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between family care, depression, and quality of life in Chinese older adults.

Background: The study explored sources of meaning in older adults and the action path among family care, meaning in life, quality of life, and depression. Materials and methods: We investigated 627 older adults using the Sources of Meaning in Life Scale for the Elderly (SMSE), the Family Care Index (APGAR), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10 (CES-D-10), and the EuroqOL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Results: Scores categorized 454 older adults with good family function, 99 with moderate, and 47 with severe family dysfunction; 110 older adults had depression. The structural equation model showed that family care affected the quality of life and depression by influencing meaning, and depression had a significant negative effect on the quality of life (P < 0.05). The model was a good fit for the data (χ2/df = 3.300, SRMR = 0.0291, GFI = 0.975, IFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.952, CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.062). Conclusion: Meaning in life is an intermediary factor that affects depression and quality of life in older adults. Family care had a significant positive impact on SMSE and a negative influence on depression. The SMSE effectively clarifies the sources of meaning in life and can be used to improve meaning and promote mental health in older adults.

Assessment and Predictors of Grief Reactions among Bereaved Chinese Adults.

BACKGROUND: The Texas Revised Inventory of Grief-Present Scale (TRIG-Present) is a widely used tool to measure grief. Most existing research related to the assessment and characteristics of grief has been conducted sampling bereaved Western subjects and, as such, limited information is available on the experience of grief in Chinese samples. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the Chinese version of the TRIG-Present (TRIG-Present-C) and explore the predictors of grief among bereaved adults in China. METHODS: Responses from 460 bereaved Chinese adults were collected through an online survey. Subjects completed a specially developed questionnaire covering demographic data/loss-related variables, the TRIG-Present-C, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-9). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis validates the original one-factor structure. The overall content validity index is equal to 1.0. Significant correlations were observed, with CES-D-9 and factor subscales (r ranged from -0.228 to 0.607, p < 0.05) indicating the convergent validity. The TRIG-Present-C scores distinguished grieving individuals from those experiencing unanticipated death and those where death was anticipated. The internal consistency is satisfactory (Cronbach's α = 0.957). In multiple regression analyses, with grief severity as the dependent variable, 28.6% of the variance was explained by religious belief, the immediacy of the loss, the loss of a first-degree relative, and where the deceased was relatively young. CONCLUSIONS: The TRIG-Present-C scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing grief reaction among bereaved Chinese adults. Religious belief, loss of a first-degree relative, where the deceased was relatively young, and the immediacy of loss were associated with higher levels of grief.

The Chinese version of Instrument of Professional Attitude for Student Nurses (IPASN): Assessment of reliability and validity.

BACKGROUND: Professional attitude is of great importance for nursing talents in the modern society. To develop an effective educational program for student nurses in China, an appropriate instrument is required for the assessment of their professional attitude. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of the Instrument of Professional Attitude for Student Nurses (IPASN) in Chinese version. METHODS: The original version of IPASN was translated through Brislin model (translation, back translation, culture adaption and pilot study) with the authorization from the developer. A total of 681 nursing students were chosen by stratified convenience sampling to assess construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Besides, item analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, test-retest reliability were conducted to test the psychometric properties in this part. A total of 204 nursing undergraduate trainees were selected by cluster convenience sampling to confirm the structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in another time. RESULTS: Corrected item-total correlations, alpha if item deleted were between 0.33 and 0.69, 0.906 and 0.913, respectively, indicating no item should be deleted. Cronbach alpha value was 0.91 for the total scale and Cronbach alpha coefficient for subscales ranged from 0.67 to 0.89. Test-retest reliability estimated from intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.74 (P<0.05). Differences in item scores between the high-score group (the first 27%) and low-score group (the last 27%) were significant (P<0.001), indicating that the item discrimination ability was good. Seven subscales (contribution to increase of scientific information load, autonomy, community service, continuous education, to promote professional development, cooperation and theory guiding practice) were identified in EFA and confirmed in CFA, and explained 65.5% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: It indicated that the Chinese version of IPASN was valid and reliable for the evaluation of nursing students' professional attitude.