Addition of High-Sensitivity Troponin to Perioperative Risk Assessment Improves the Predictive Ability of Death in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients. / Adição da Troponina Ultrassensível à Avaliação de Risco Perioperatório Melhora a Capacidade Preditiva de Morte em Pacientes Submetidos à Cirurgia Não Cardíaca.

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification is an important step in perioperative evaluation. However, the main risk scores do not incorporate biomarkers in their set of variables. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the incremental power of troponin to the usual risk stratification. METHODS: A total of 2,230 patients admitted to the intensive care unit after non-cardiac surgery were classified according to three types of risk: cardiovascular risk (CVR), Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI); and inherent risk of surgery (IRS). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used as well as c-statistics before and after addition of high-sensitivity troponin (at least one measurement up to three days after surgery). Finally, net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement were used to assess the incremental power of troponin for risk stratification. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 63.8 years and 55.6% were women. The prevalence of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) was 9.4%. High CVR-patients had a higher occurrence of MINS (40.1 x 24.8%, p<0.001), as well as high IRS-patients (21.3 x 13.9%, p=0.004) and those with a RCRI≥3 (3.0 x 0.7%, p=0.009). Patients without MINS, regardless of the assessed risk, had similar mortality rate. The addition of troponin to the risk assessment improved the predictive ability of death at 30 days and at 1 year in all risk assessments. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MINS is higher in the high-risk population. However, its prevalence in lower-risk population is not negligible and causes a higher risk of death. The addition of high-sensitivity troponin increased the predictive ability of risk assessment in all groups.

FUNDAMENTO: A estratificação ode risco é uma importante etapa na avaliação perioperatória. No entanto, os principais escores de risco não incorporam biomarcadores em seus conjuntos de variáveis. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o poder incremental da troponina à estratificação de risco tradicional. MÉTODOS: Um total de 2230 pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva após cirurgia não cardíaca foram classificados de acordo com três tipos de risco: Risco Cardiovascular (RCV), Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (IRCR), e Risco Inerente da Cirurgia (RIC). O principal desfecho foi mortalidade por todas as causas. A regressão de Cox foi usada, assim como a estatística C antes e após a adição de troponina ultrassensível (pelo menos uma medida até três dias após a cirurgia). Finalmente, o índice de reclassificação líquida e a melhoria de discriminação integrada foram usadas para avaliar o poder incremental da troponina para a estratificação de risco. O nível de significância usado foi de 0,05. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi 63,8 anos e 55,6% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de lesão miocárdica após cirurgia não cardíaca (MINS) foi 9,4%. Pacientes com um RCV elevado apresentaram uma maior ocorrência de MINS (40,1% x 24,8%, p<0,001), bem como pacientes com alto RIC (21,3 x 13,9%, p=0,004) e aqueles com IRCR≥3 (3,0 x 0,7%, p=0,009). Pacientes sem MINS, independentemente do risco avaliado, apresentaram taxa de mortalidade similar. A adição de troponina à avaliação de risco melhorou a capacidade preditiva de mortalidade em 30 dias e de mortalidade em um ano em todas as avaliações de risco. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de MINS é mais alta na população de alto risco. No entanto, sua prevalência na população de risco mais baixo não é desprezível e causa um maior risco de morte. A adição da troponina ultrassensível melhorou a capacidade preditiva da avaliação de risco em todos os grupos.

Adição da Troponina Ultrassensível à Avaliação de Risco Perioperatório Melhora a Capacidade Preditiva de Morte em Pacientes Submetidos à Cirurgia Não Cardíaca / Addition of High-Sensitivity Troponin to Perioperative Risk Assessment Improves the Predictive Ability of Death in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients

Resumo Fundamento A estratificação ode risco é uma importante etapa na avaliação perioperatória. No entanto, os principais escores de risco não incorporam biomarcadores em seus conjuntos de variáveis. Objetivo Avaliar o poder incremental da troponina à estratificação de risco tradicional. Métodos Um total de 2230 pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva após cirurgia não cardíaca foram classificados de acordo com três tipos de risco: Risco Cardiovascular (RCV), Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (IRCR), e Risco Inerente da Cirurgia (RIC). O principal desfecho foi mortalidade por todas as causas. A regressão de Cox foi usada, assim como a estatística C antes e após a adição de troponina ultrassensível (pelo menos uma medida até três dias após a cirurgia). Finalmente, o índice de reclassificação líquida e a melhoria de discriminação integrada foram usadas para avaliar o poder incremental da troponina para a estratificação de risco. O nível de significância usado foi de 0,05. Resultados A idade média dos pacientes foi 63,8 anos e 55,6% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de lesão miocárdica após cirurgia não cardíaca (MINS) foi 9,4%. Pacientes com um RCV elevado apresentaram uma maior ocorrência de MINS (40,1% x 24,8%, p<0,001), bem como pacientes com alto RIC (21,3 x 13,9%, p=0,004) e aqueles com IRCR≥3 (3,0 x 0,7%, p=0,009). Pacientes sem MINS, independentemente do risco avaliado, apresentaram taxa de mortalidade similar. A adição de troponina à avaliação de risco melhorou a capacidade preditiva de mortalidade em 30 dias e de mortalidade em um ano em todas as avaliações de risco. Conclusão A prevalência de MINS é mais alta na população de alto risco. No entanto, sua prevalência na população de risco mais baixo não é desprezível e causa um maior risco de morte. A adição da troponina ultrassensível melhorou a capacidade preditiva da avaliação de risco em todos os grupos.

Abstract Background Risk stratification is an important step in perioperative evaluation. However, the main risk scores do not incorporate biomarkers in their set of variables. Objective Evaluate the incremental power of troponin to the usual risk stratification Methods A total of 2,230 patients admitted to the intensive care unit after non-cardiac surgery were classified according to three types of risk: cardiovascular risk (CVR), Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI); and inherent risk of surgery (IRS). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used as well as c-statistics before and after addition of high-sensitivity troponin (at least one measurement up to three days after surgery). Finally, net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement were used to assess the incremental power of troponin for risk stratification. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results Mean age of patients was 63.8 years and 55.6% were women. The prevalence of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) was 9.4%. High CVR-patients had a higher occurrence of MINS (40.1 x 24.8%, p<0.001), as well as high IRS-patients (21.3 x 13.9%, p=0.004) and those with a RCRI≥3 (3.0 x 0.7%, p=0.009). Patients without MINS, regardless of the assessed risk, had similar mortality rate. The addition of troponin to the risk assessment improved the predictive ability of death at 30 days and at 1 year in all risk assessments. Conclusion The prevalence of MINS is higher in the high-risk population. However, its prevalence in lower-risk population is not negligible and causes a higher risk of death. The addition of high-sensitivity troponin increased the predictive ability of risk assessment in all groups.

From imaging to precision: low cost and accurate determination of stereotactic coordinates for brain surgery Sapajus apella using MRI.

The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella), a New World monkey species, exhibits prominent characteristics that make it an ideal model for neuroscience research. These characteristics include its phylogenetic traits, telencephalization coefficient, anatomical structures and pathways, genetic profile, immune responses, cognitive abilities, and complex behavioral repertoires. Traditionally, methodologies for stereotactic neurosurgery in research models have relied on the use of brain atlases. However, this approach can lead to errors due to the considerable variation in brain size and shape among individual monkeys. To address this issue, we developed a protocol for deriving individual coordinates for each monkey using a straightforward and relatively inexpensive method involving MRI imaging. Our protocol utilizes a specially designed, 3D-printed stereotactic head-holder that is safe to use with an MR magnet, non-invasive placement of fiducial markers, and post-processing with open-source software. This approach enhances MRI data visualization, improves anatomical targeting, and refines the design of neurosurgical experiments. Our technique could also prove beneficial in other areas of neuroscience research that require accurate calculation of stereotaxic coordinates. Furthermore, it could be useful for other nonhuman primate species for which brain atlases are typically unavailable.

Association between hospitalizations for sensitive conditions and quality of primary care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between municipal rates of ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) hospitalization and the quality of primary health care (PHC), socioeconomic, and demographic variables and those related to local characteristics of the health system from 2010 to 2019. METHOD: Ecological time series study in Brazilian municipalities analyzing the correlation of ACSC hospitalization rates with PHC quality measured by the three cycles of the Primary Care Access and Program for improving primary care access and quality (PMAQ-AB). The study included municipalities whose teams participated in 80% or more of at least two PMAQ-AB cycles. The correlation between standardized ACSC hospitalization rates and PHC quality and other variables was analyzed. Spearman's test was used between the response variable and numerical explanatory variables. Generalized equations estimation was used as a multivariate model associating ACSC hospitalization rates with the other variables over the years. RESULTS: A total of 3,500 municipalities were included in the models. The quality of PHC (PMAQ-AB score) showed an inverse association with the variation in ACSC hospitalization rates. Hospitalization rates fell by -2% per year every ten-point increase in the PMAQ-AB score, adjusted by the remaining variables. A one-unit increase in the beds per 1,000 inhabitants variable had an impact of approximately +6.4% on ACSC hospitalization rates. Regarding population size, larger municipalities had lower ACSC hospitalization rates. Increased PHC coverage and lower socioeconomic inequality were also associated with the reduction in hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in ACSC hospitalization rates over time was associated with an increase in the quality of PHC. It was also associated with a reduction in the number of hospital beds and municipalities with better socioeconomic indicators.

Assessment of Wood Bio-Concrete Properties Modified with Silane-Siloxane.

Bio-based materials, such as wood bio-concrete (WBC), hold promise in reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint of the construction industry. However, the durability of these materials is not well understood and can be negatively affected by the high water absorption capacity of wood bio-aggregates. In the field of cement composites, for example, silane-siloxane-based water repellent has been used to protect such materials from natural environmental attack. Nevertheless, there is still a limited understanding of various aspects related to this type of treatment, including its performance when applied to the bio-concrete substrate. This research aimed to investigate the influence of silane-siloxane on the rheology and hydration of cementitious paste through isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the impact of silane-siloxane on the physical and mechanical properties of WBCs was examined by conducting tests at fresh state (flow table and entrained air content) and hardened state (compressive strength and capillary water absorption). The composites were produced with a volumetric fraction of 45% of wood shavings while the cement matrix consisted of a combination of cement, rice husk ash, and fly ash. Silane-siloxane was applied in three ways: as coating, incorporated as an admixture, and in a combination of both methods. The results indicated that by incorporating silane in the cementitious pastethe viscosity increased by 40% and the hydration was delayed by approximately 6 h when compared to the reference. In addition, silane improved the compressive strength of WBCs by 24% when incorporated into the mixture, expressively reduced the water sorptivity of WBCs (93%), and was more effective if used as coating.

Association between hospitalizations for sensitive conditions and quality of primary care / Associação entre internações por condições sensíveis e qualidade da atenção primária

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between municipal rates of ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) hospitalization and the quality of primary health care (PHC), socioeconomic, and demographic variables and those related to local characteristics of the health system from 2010 to 2019. METHOD Ecological time series study in Brazilian municipalities analyzing the correlation of ACSC hospitalization rates with PHC quality measured by the three cycles of the Primary Care Access and Program for improving primary care access and quality (PMAQ-AB). The study included municipalities whose teams participated in 80% or more of at least two PMAQ-AB cycles. The correlation between standardized ACSC hospitalization rates and PHC quality and other variables was analyzed. Spearman's test was used between the response variable and numerical explanatory variables. Generalized equations estimation was used as a multivariate model associating ACSC hospitalization rates with the other variables over the years. RESULTS A total of 3,500 municipalities were included in the models. The quality of PHC (PMAQ-AB score) showed an inverse association with the variation in ACSC hospitalization rates. Hospitalization rates fell by -2% per year every ten-point increase in the PMAQ-AB score, adjusted by the remaining variables. A one-unit increase in the beds per 1,000 inhabitants variable had an impact of approximately +6.4% on ACSC hospitalization rates. Regarding population size, larger municipalities had lower ACSC hospitalization rates. Increased PHC coverage and lower socioeconomic inequality were also associated with the reduction in hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in ACSC hospitalization rates over time was associated with an increase in the quality of PHC. It was also associated with a reduction in the number of hospital beds and municipalities with better socioeconomic indicators.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre taxas municipais de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP), com a qualidade da atenção primária à saúde (APS), variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e relacionadas a características locais do sistema de saúde, de 2010 a 2019. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de séries temporais nos municípios brasileiros analisando a correlação das taxas de ICSAP, com a qualidade da APS medida pelos três ciclos do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foram incluídos municípios que participaram com 80% ou mais de suas equipes em, ao menos, dois ciclos do PMAQ-AB. Foi analisada a correlação entre as taxas de ICSAP padronizadas com a qualidade da APS e demais variáveis. Empregou-se o teste de Spearman entre a variável resposta e as variáveis explicativas numéricas. Foi usado o generalized equations estimating como modelo multivariado associando as taxas de ICSAP e as demais variáveis ao longo dos anos. RESULTADOS Foram incluídos 3.500 municípios nos modelos. A qualidade da APS (nota do PMAQ-AB) apresentou associação inversa com a variação das taxas de ICSAP. As taxas de internação tiveram queda de -2% ao ano a cada aumento de dez pontos na nota do PMAQ-AB, ajustado pelas demais variáveis. O aumento de uma unidade na variável leitos por mil habitantes impactou em uma elevação de aproximadamente +6,4% nas taxas de ICSAP. Quanto ao porte populacional, municípios maiores tiveram menores taxas de ICSAP. Também se associaram à redução das internações o aumento da cobertura da APS e a menor desigualdade socioeconômica. CONCLUSÕES A redução das taxas de ICSAP ao longo do tempo mostrou-se associada com o aumento da qualidade da APS. Além disso, esteve associada com diminuição do número de leitos hospitalares e a municípios com melhores indicadores socioeconômicos.

Monte Carlo simulation and dosimetry measurements of an experimental approach for in vitro HDR brachytherapy irradiation.

Irradiation of tumor cell lines is a useful way to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules. We designed an easy and reproducible approach for in vitro experimental high dose rate brachytherapy, which was simulated by a Monte Carlo code and dosimetrically characterized by experimental methods to evaluate the correspondence between planned doses and doses absorbed by the cells. This approach is an acrylic platform containing T25 tissue culture flasks and multiwell tissue culture plates. It allows nine parallel needles carrying an 192Ir source to irradiate the adherent cells. The whole system composed of the acrylic platform, tissue culture flasks and 192Ir source tracking was simulated by the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNPX). Dosimetric measurements were taken by well ionization chamber and radiochromic films. There was a slight difference, averaging from 2% to 7%, between the MCNPX results and film dosimetry results regarding uniform radiation created by the source arrangement. The results showed different values for planned and measured doses in each cell culture plate, which was attributed to the non-equivalent water material used and to the lack of full scattering coming from the top of the platform. This last contribution was different for each tissue culture plate and an individual dose correction factor was calculated. The dose correction factor must be applied to match the planned dose and the actual doses absorbed by the cells. The designed approach is an efficient tool for in vitro brachytherapy experiments for most commercial cell culture plates.

An assessment of mosquito collection techniques for xenomonitoring of anopheline-transmitted Lymphatic Filariasis in Ghana.

Monitoring vectors is relevant to ascertain transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF). This may require the best sampling method that can capture high numbers of specific species to give indication of transmission. Gravid anophelines are good indicators for assessing transmission due to close contact with humans through blood meals. This study compared the efficiency of an Anopheles gravid trap (AGT) with other mosquito collection methods including the box and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention gravid, light, exit and BioGent-sentinel traps, indoor resting collection (IRC) and pyrethrum spray catches across two endemic regions of Ghana. The AGT showed high trapping efficiency by collecting the highest mean number of anophelines per night in the Western (4.6) and Northern (7.3) regions compared with the outdoor collection methods. Additionally, IRC was similarly efficient in the Northern region (8.9) where vectors exhibit a high degree of endophily. AGT also showed good trapping potential for collecting Anopheles melas which is usually difficult to catch with existing methods. Screening of mosquitoes for infection showed a 0.80-3.01% Wuchereria bancrofti and 2.15-3.27% Plasmodium spp. in Anopheles gambiae. The AGT has shown to be appropriate for surveying Anopheles populations and can be useful for xenomonitoring for both LF and malaria.

Assessment of Myocardial Infarction by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Long-Term Mortality / Avaliação do Infarto do Miocárdio pela Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca e Mortalidade em Longo Prazo

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed anatomical information on infarction. However, few studies have investigated the association of these data with mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Objective: To study the association between data regarding infarct size and anatomy, as obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction, and long-term mortality. Methods: A total of 1959 reports of “infarct size” were identified in 7119 cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies, of which 420 had clinical and laboratory confirmation of previous myocardial infarction. The variables studied were the classic risk factors – left ventricular ejection fraction, categorized ventricular function, and location of acute myocardial infarction. Infarct size and acute myocardial infarction extent and transmurality were analyzed alone and together, using the variable named “MET-AMI”. The statistical analysis was carried out using the elastic net regularization, with the Cox model and survival trees. Results: The mean age was 62.3 ± 12 years, and 77.3% were males. During the mean follow-up of 6.4 ± 2.9 years, there were 76 deaths (18.1%). Serum creatinine, diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction were independently associated with mortality. Age was the main explanatory factor. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging variables independently associated with mortality were transmurality of acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.047), ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.0005) and infarcted size (p = 0.0005); the latter was the main explanatory variable for ischemic heart disease death. The MET-AMI variable was the most strongly associated with risk of ischemic heart disease death (HR: 16.04; 95%CI: 2.64-97.5; p = 0.003). Conclusion: The anatomical data of infarction, obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction, were independently ...

Fundamento: A ressonância magnética cardíaca fornece informações anatômicas detalhadas do infarto, porém poucos estudos investigaram a associação desses dados com mortalidade pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre os dados de anatomia e magnitude do infarto, obtidos da ressonância magnética cardíaca pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio, e mortalidade em longo prazo. Métodos: Foram identificados 1.959 laudos com “massa infartada” em 7.119 exames de ressonância magnética cardíaca, dos quais 420 possuíam documentação clínica e laboratorial de infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio. As variáveis estudadas foram os fatores de risco clássicos, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, função ventricular categorizada e localização do infarto agudo do miocárdio. Massa infartada, extensão e transmuralidade do infarto agudo do miocárdio foram analisadas de maneira isolada e conjuntamente, pela variável denominada “MET-IAM”. A análise estatística foi feita pelo elastic net regularization, pelo modelo de Cox e por árvores de sobrevida. Resultados: A idade média foi 62,3 ± 12 anos, sendo 77,3% de homens. Durante o seguimento de 6,4 ± 2,9 anos, foram identificados 76 óbitos (18,1%). Creatinina sérica, diabetes melito e infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio demonstraram associação independente com mortalidade. A idade foi o principal fator explicativo. As variáveis da ressonância magnética cardíaca que se associaram de forma independente com a mortalidade foram: transmuralidade do infarto agudo do miocárdio (p = 0,047), disfunção ventricular (p = 0,0005) e massa infartada (p = 0,0005) − sendo essa última a principal variável explicativa para morte por doença isquêmica cardíaca. A variável MET-IAM exibiu a maior associação de risco para morte por doença isquêmica cardíaca (HR: 16,04; IC95%: 2,64-97,5; p = 0,003). Conclusão: Os dados anatômicos do infarto obtidos da ressonância magnética cardíaca pós-infarto ...

Assessment of myocardial infarction by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and long-term mortality.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed anatomical information on infarction. However, few studies have investigated the association of these data with mortality after acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between data regarding infarct size and anatomy, as obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction, and long-term mortality. METHODS: A total of 1959 reports of "infarct size" were identified in 7119 cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies, of which 420 had clinical and laboratory confirmation of previous myocardial infarction. The variables studied were the classic risk factors - left ventricular ejection fraction, categorized ventricular function, and location of acute myocardial infarction. Infarct size and acute myocardial infarction extent and transmurality were analyzed alone and together, using the variable named "MET-AMI". The statistical analysis was carried out using the elastic net regularization, with the Cox model and survival trees. RESULTS: The mean age was 62.3 ± 12 years, and 77.3% were males. During the mean follow-up of 6.4 ± 2.9 years, there were 76 deaths (18.1%). Serum creatinine, diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction were independently associated with mortality. Age was the main explanatory factor. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging variables independently associated with mortality were transmurality of acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.047), ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.0005) and infarcted size (p = 0.0005); the latter was the main explanatory variable for ischemic heart disease death. The MET-AMI variable was the most strongly associated with risk of ischemic heart disease death (HR: 16.04; 95%CI: 2.64-97.5; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The anatomical data of infarction, obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction, were independently associated with long-term mortality, especially for ischemic heart disease death.

Métodos utilizados na avaliação psicofísica da visão de cores humana / Methods used in the psychophysics assessment of human color / Méthodes utilisées dans l'évaluation psychophysique de la vision humaine des couleurs / Métodos usados en la evaluación psicofísica de de la visión de colores humana

A cor é um atributo perceptual que nos permite identificar e localizar padrões ambientais de mesmo brilho e constitui uma dimensão adicional na identificação de objetos, além da detecção de inúmeros outros atributos dos objetos em sua relação com a cena visual, como luminância, contraste, forma, movimento, textura, profundidade. Decorre daí a sua importância fundamental nas atividades desempenhadas pelos animais e pelos seres humanos em sua interação com o ambiente. A psicofísica visual preocupa-se com o estudo quantitativo da relação entre eventos físicos de estimulação sensorial e a resposta comportamental resultante desta estimulação, fornecendo dessa maneira meios de avaliar aspectos da visão humana, como a visão de cores. Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar diversas técnicas eficientes na avaliação da visão cromática humana através de métodos psicofísicos adaptativos.

Color is a perceptual attribute that allows organisms to identify and to locate environmental patterns of equal brightnesses and constitutes an additional dimension in object identification, in addition to the detection of several other object dimensions in relation with the visual scene. Color therefore serves an important role in animal and human interaction with the environment. By supplying ways to evaluate aspects of human vision, including color vision, visual psychophysics focusses on the quantitative study of the relation between physical events of sensory stimulation and the resulting behavioral response. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate several efficient techniques in the evaluation of the chromatic human vision through adaptive psychophysical methods.

Une couleur est un attribut perceptuel qui permet aux organismes d'identifier et de localiser des normes ambiantes de même luminosité. Les couleurs servant d'identification dimensionnelle des objets, celles-ci sont très importantes dans l'activité quotidienne des animaux, et en particulier les humains. La psychophysique visuelle se se concentre sur l'étude quantitative de la relation entre les événements physiques de stimulation sensorielle et la réponse comportemental résultant de cette stimulation pour évaluer certains aspects de la vision humaine, comme la perception chromatique. L'objectif de ce texte est de démontrer les diverses techniques efficaces pour l'évaluation de la vision chromatique humaine en utilisant des méthodes psychophysiques adaptatives.

El color es una cualidad perceptual que nos permite identificar y localizar estándares ambientales de mismo brillo y constituye una dimensión adicional en la identificación de los objetos, además de la detección de inúmeras otras cualidades de los objetos en su relación con la escena visual, como luminancia, contraste, forma, movimiento, textura, profundidad. Ahí está su importancia básica en las actividades hechas por los animales y por los seres humanos en su interacción con el ambiente. La psicofísica visual está preocupada del estudio cuantitativo de la relación entre los acontecimientos físicos de estimulación sensorial y la respuesta de comportamiento resultante de esta estimulación, suministrando de esta forma medios de evaluar aspectos de la visión humana, como la visión de colores. Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo demostrar diversas técnicas eficientes en la evaluación de la visión cromática humana a través de métodos psicofísicos adaptativos.