Cost components of school-based oral health-promoting programs: A systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Oral health-promoting school programs play a crucial role in achieving universal coverage of oral health care, by addressing oral diseases and promoting the well-being and quality of life of children and adolescents. However, a lack of studies has evaluated the costs associated with implementing these programs, which hinders decision-makers in adopting them on a large scale. This review aims to assess the cost components involved in school-based oral health-promoting programs. METHODS: This review will include studies that have conducted either partial or full economic evaluations, focusing on describing the cost components of oral health-promoting programs implemented in primary schools involving students aged 6 to 14. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, the Virtual Health Library, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. Additionally, gray literature was searched using the Health Technology Assessment Database. Two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data extraction and critical appraisal evaluation will also be carried out independently by two reviewers. In case of disagreements, the reviewer team will resolve them through discussion. DISCUSSION: The systematic review resulting from this protocol aims to provide evidence regarding the cost components and necessary resources for implementing and maintaining oral health-promoting school programs. This information can assist decision-makers in adopting these programs on a larger scale and effectively addressing oral diseases among children and adolescents. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: CRD42022363743.

Theorization about the limits to the inclusion of oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy. / Teorização sobre os limites à inserção da saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família.

This study aimed to theorize, by means of social actors' conception, about the reasons for the non-inclusion of oral health in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and analytical study based on the grounded theory methodology and the National Oral Health Policy. Eleven interviews were performed with public managers, delegates who participate in the municipal health council, and dental surgeons who belong to the public health service. The theorization of the study was created through the data analysis process, which resulted in "a consequence of the dominant disease-centered oral health care model" as the main category. Data were categorized according to a methodological framework. The health concept set forth by local social actors contributed to the non-inclusion of oral healthcare teams (OHTs) in the FHS. This theorization identified the origins of the studied phenomenon and can aid in future policy decision-making carried out by local social actors.

Este estudo objetivou construir teorização a partir da concepção de atores sociais acerca das razões da não inserção da atenção à saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial teórico construído com base na Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal e metodológico na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD). Foram realizadas 11 entrevistas intensivas com atores sociais da gestão, do controle social e cirurgiões-dentistas do serviço público do município. Os dados foram categorizados segundo a TFD e a partir do processo de análise dos dados, construiu-se a teorização do estudo e obteve-se como categoria central "Consequência de uma concepção hegemônica doença-centrada da saúde para o modelo de atenção à saúde bucal". A concepção de saúde dos atores sociais do município contribuiu para a não inserção da atenção à saúde bucal na ESF. A teorização permitiu a identificação da origem das condições do fenômeno estudado e poderá contribuir para tomada de decisões dos atores sociais em futuras ações políticas.

Teorização sobre os limites à inserção da saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Theorization about the limits to the inclusion of oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy

Resumo Este estudo objetivou construir teorização a partir da concepção de atores sociais acerca das razões da não inserção da atenção à saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial teórico construído com base na Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal e metodológico na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD). Foram realizadas 11 entrevistas intensivas com atores sociais da gestão, do controle social e cirurgiões-dentistas do serviço público do município. Os dados foram categorizados segundo a TFD e a partir do processo de análise dos dados, construiu-se a teorização do estudo e obteve-se como categoria central "Consequência de uma concepção hegemônica doença-centrada da saúde para o modelo de atenção à saúde bucal". A concepção de saúde dos atores sociais do município contribuiu para a não inserção da atenção à saúde bucal na ESF. A teorização permitiu a identificação da origem das condições do fenômeno estudado e poderá contribuir para tomada de decisões dos atores sociais em futuras ações políticas.

Abstract This study aimed to theorize, by means of social actors' conception, about the reasons for the non-inclusion of oral health in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and analytical study based on the grounded theory methodology and the National Oral Health Policy. Eleven interviews were performed with public managers, delegates who participate in the municipal health council, and dental surgeons who belong to the public health service. The theorization of the study was created through the data analysis process, which resulted in "a consequence of the dominant disease-centered oral health care model" as the main category. Data were categorized according to a methodological framework. The health concept set forth by local social actors contributed to the non-inclusion of oral healthcare teams (OHTs) in the FHS. This theorization identified the origins of the studied phenomenon and can aid in future policy decision-making carried out by local social actors.

Health promotion in Brazil: qualitative survey with primary school teachers.

School health promotion programs can reduce common health problems like obesity, diabetes and respiratory complications. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the perceptions of a group of teachers regarding issues related to the promotion of health in school. The 15 teachers sampled were from public primary schools in a city in southeastern Brazil. Interviews with teachers were conducted and data was analyzed employing content. Teacher practices regarding the promotion of health appeared to be aimed at their students and their daily habits and their practices. Teachers described approaching health promotion through their lesson content and suggested that the school should seek help from other institutions in their health promotion activities like prevention activities, monitoring of improvements in student and teacher health. Teachers mentioned a strong relationship between knowledge and the pursuit of good health. The need to identify major determinants of the disease/health process was highlighted and the connection between lifestyle, socio-economic status and the disease/health process was described. Awareness of the influence concerning both the environment and the school surroundings was demonstrated. It is important that the teachers are aware of the environment that surrounds them as well as the reality of the lives of all those involved with the school.

Preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança nos serviços de saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Llenado del Libro de Salud del Niño en los servicios de salud en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Filling process of the Child Health Record in health care services of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivo: descrever o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) nos serviços de saúde. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, desenvolvido em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; realizou-se entrevista com os pais/responsáveis de crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade e observaram-se 21 itens essenciais ao acompanhamento infantil na CSC, no Dia de Multivacinação de 2014; considerou-se separadamente os campos a serem preenchidos nas maternidades e na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e outros serviços. Resultados: foram incluídas 367 crianças (96,1%); 44,5% das CSC apresentaram ≥60% dos itens preenchidos; dos itens a serem registrados nas maternidades, o peso ao nascer apresentou maior proporção de preenchimento (64,5%); daqueles a serem registrados na APS e outros serviços, os campos das vacinas foram os mais preenchidos (94,0%); houve maior preenchimento na maternidade do que na APS e outros serviços (p<0,001). Conclusão: observou-se baixa proporção de preenchimento, especialmente na APS e outros serviços.

Objetivo: describir el llenado del Libro de Salud del Niño (LSN) en los servicios de salud. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con niños de 3 a 5 años de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; se entrevistó a los padres y fueron analizados 21 partes esenciales del acompañamiento infantil en la LSN, en el Día de Multivacunación de 2014; se consideró por separado los campos que debían ser llenados en las maternidades y en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS)/otros servicios. Resultados: se incluyeron 367 niños (96,1%); 44,5% del LSN presentaron ≥60% de las partes llenadas; en las maternidades, el peso al nacer presentó mayor proporción de llenado (64,5%); ya en las APS/otros el registro de vacunas fue el mayor (94,0%); el llenado fue mayor en maternidades que en las APS y otros servicios (p<0,001). Conclusión: se observó baja proporción de llenado, especialmente en los servicios de APS y otros.

Objective: to describe the filling process of the Child Health Record (CHR) in health care services. Methods: descriptive study held in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; an interview was conducted with parents/guardians of children aged 3-5 years old; 21 essential items to child monitoring were observed in the CHR during the 2014 Multi-vaccination Day; fields that should be filled in maternity wards, Primary Health Care (PHC), and other services were assessed separately. Results: 367 children (96.1%) were included; 44.5% of CHR presented ≥60% of completeness; among the items that should be recorded in maternity wards, birth weight showed the highest proportion of completeness (64.5%); for those that should be filled in PHC/other services, records of vaccines (94.0%) presented the highest completeness; there was more filling in maternity wards than in PHC and other services (p<0.001). Conclusion: a low proportion of filling was observed, especially in PHC and other services.

Inequality of Experience of Dental Caries between Different Ethnic Groups of Brazilians Aged 15 to 19 Years.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess inequality of experience of dental caries, based on race/ethnicity, among Brazilian adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in 2010 and test whether socioeconomic indicators fully explain ethnic differences in dental caries. METHODS: Data from a National Oral Health Survey conducted in Brazil in 2010 was analysed. Race/ethnicity was self-assigned and modified to White, African descents, East Asian descents, Mixed Race and Indigenous descents. The prevalence of caries experience by race/ethnic group in 2010(n = 5,367) was calculated. Further analysis included conceptual hierarchical modelling and mediation analysis. RESULTS: Caries experience was 76.9% in 15 to 19 year old Brazilians in 2010. While African descents were 32% more likely to have caries experience than Whites, Mixed Race were 69% more likely to have caries experience than Whites. Hierarchical conceptual modelling analysis confirmed the highly significant association between caries and race/ethnicity. Mixed Race and East Asian descents were 1.44 (95% CI 1.24-1.67) and 1.81 (95% CI 1.02-3.20) times more likely to experience caries than Whites after adjusting for age, sex, education and income. The difference in the likelihood of experiencing caries between Whites and African descents was not statistically significant after adjusting for years of education and family income. The results of mediation analysis confirmed that inequality of caries experience between Whites and Mixed Race and East Asian descents was mediated through education and income. The likelihood that Mixed Race and East Asian descents would experience caries compared to Whites was attenuated, by 14.8% and by 9.5% respectively, after adjusting for years of education and income. CONCLUSIONS: Data analysis demonstrated that Whites have benefited more from the significant reduction in dental caries experience in 15 to 19 year old Brazilians, as compared to African descents and Mixed Race. Education and income fully explained ethnic inequalities in experience of dental caries between Whites and African descents, and largely explained inequalities between Whites and Mixed Race.

Fatores individuais e contextuais associados a ma oclusao em criancas brasileiras / Factores individuales y contextuales asociados a la maloclusion en ninos brasilenos / Individual and contextual factors associated with malocclusion in Brazilian children

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre a prevalência de má oclusão em crianças aos 12 anos de idade com variáveis individuais e contextuais. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal – SBBrasil 2010. O desfecho estudado foi a má oclusão, categorizada em ausente, definida, severa e muito severa. As variáveis independentes foram classificadas em individuais e contextuais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelo multinível, considerando nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de má oclusão severa e muito severa nas crianças com 12 anos de idade não diferiu entre as regiões brasileiras, mas sim entre as cidades (p < 0,001). Crianças do sexo masculino (p = 0,033), de menor renda (p = 0,051), que consultaram o dentista (p = 0,009), com menor satisfação com a boca e os dentes (p < 0,001) e com vergonha de sorrir (p < 0,001) apresentaram má oclusão de maior gravidade. As características das cidades também afetaram a gravidade da má oclusão; cidades com mais famílias com benefício social por 1.000 habitantes, com menores notas do índice de desempenho do sistema de saúde e menor renda per capita foram estatisticamente associadas com a má oclusão. CONCLUSÕES: Associações significativas entre a presença e gravidade da má oclusão foram observadas em nível individual e contextual. .

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre la prevalencia de maloclusión en niños a los 12 años de edad con variables individuales y contextuales MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con datos de la Investigación Nacional de Salud Bucal – SBBrasil 2010. El aspecto estudiado fue la maloclusión, categorizada en ausente, definida, severa y muy severa. Las variables independientes fueron clasificadas en individuales y contextuales. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de modelo multinivel, considerando el nivel de 5% de significancia. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de maloclusión severa y muy severa en los niños con 12 años de edad no se diferenció entre las regiones brasileñas, pero sí entre las ciudades (p<0,001). Niños del sexo masculino (p=0,033), de menor renta (p= 0,051), que consultaron el dentista (p<0,001) y con vergüenza de sonreír (p<0,001) presentaron maloclusión de mayor gravedad. Las características de las ciudades también afectaron la gravedad de la maloclusión; ciudades con más familias con beneficio social por 1.000 habitantes, con menores notas del índice de desempeño del sistema de salud y menor renta per capita fueron estadísticamente asociadas con la maloclusión. CONCLUSIONES: Asociaciones significativas entre la presencia y gravedad de la mala oclusión fueron observadas a nivel individual y contextual. .

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the prevalence of malocclusion in Brazilian 12 years-olds with individual and contextual variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey – SBBrazil 2010. The outcome studied was malocclusion, categorized as absent, set, severe and very severe. The independent variables were classified as individual and contextual. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: It was found that the prevalence of severe and very severe malocclusion in 12-year-olds did not differ between the Brazilian regions, although variation between the cities was significant (p < 0.001). Male children (p = 0.033), those on lower income (p = 0.051), those who had visited a dentist (p = 0.009), with lower levels of satisfaction with mouth and teeth (p < 0.001) and embarrassed to smile (p < 0.001) had more severe malocclusion. The characteristics of the cities also affected the severity of malocclusion; cities with more families on social benefits per 1,000 inhabitants, with lower scores on the health care system performance index and lower gross domestic product per capita were significantly associated with malocclusion. CONCLUSION: Significant associations between the presence and severity of malocclusion were observed at the individual and contextual level. .