Coping strategies of food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, a high-income Latin American country: A qualitative study through the lens of Bourdieu's theories of capitals and practice.

Food insecurity has been associated with negative short, medium, and long-term health consequences, which are more detrimental for children and adolescents. These effects may depend on the coping strategies developed to deal with food shortages. The present research aimed at exploring coping strategies in food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, incorporating sociological theoretical insights from Bourdieu. A qualitative approach based on individual semi-structured interviews was used. A total of 40 interviews were conducted with adults who had parental responsibilities of children and adolescents and who received different types of food assistance, between July and December 2022, in four cities. Results showed that adults tend to develop a wide range of coping strategies aimed at: reducing food expenditure, increasing the availability of money for purchasing food, increasing food availability and/or rationing the food available in the household. Some of the strategies were implemented regardless of the severity of food insecurity, whereas others were characteristic of the moderate and severe levels of the construct. Evidence to support the mediation effect of coping strategies on health outcomes was found. Discourses suggested that lower accumulation of economic and cultural capital may be aligned with the adoption of less socially accepted mechanisms to access to food. Expressions of a specific habitus aimed at securing food were identified among participants with more deprivations. Taken together, the findings suggest that coping strategies may not be a universal or invariant sequence according to the severity of food insecurity and stress the importance of considering households' resources and local context for the development of strategies to improve access to food.

Observatorio de políticas públicas en salud Universidad de Chile: experiencia local de control social en políticas públicas / Observatory on Public Health Policies: local experiences of social control in public policies

Los Observatorios de Políticas Públicas en Salud son organismos dedicados al monitoreo, seguimiento y evaluación de sistemas y políticas públicas, a través de revisión analítica de proyectos y/o estrategias establecidas a nivel nacional. En la Universidad de Chile, el Observatorio de Políticas Públicas en Salud (OPPS) se conforma el año 2011 al alero de las movilizaciones estudiantiles de la Facultad de Medicina, donde se concluye que las universidades públicas deben aportar al control social en las políticas públicas de salud, a través de la deliberación y empoderamiento ciudadano. Con este horizonte, se conforma la organización y se establecen sus objetivos y orgánica. El trabajo desarrollado hasta la fecha abarca cuatro ejes: 1) Revisión y análisis bibliográfico de políticas públicas de salud, 2) Formación en políticas y sistemas de salud, 3) Promoción del debate en torno a políticas públicas y 4) Articulación con actores del sector salud. Dada su composición estudiantil, sus principales limitantes corresponden a la ausencia de formación crítica efectiva en los currículos de las carreras de la salud, y la sobrecarga académica de los estudiantes, que en el contexto de su carácter de actividad extracurricular, dificulta el cumplimiento de los objetivos. La réplica y fortalecimiento de estas instancias requieren la participación de todos los actores de la comunidad universitaria, haciendo converger sus conocimientos, experiencias y perspectivas en torno a los temas estudiados. Además, su inclusión en la estructura institucional formalizaría el compromiso universitario con la formación estudiantil crítica, contribuyendo al debate nacional en políticas públicas.

Observatories of Public Health Policy are organizations dedicated to monitoring, tracking, and evaluating health systems and public policies through an analytical review of established national projects and strategies. At the University of Chile, the Observatory of Public Health Policy (OPPS) was created in 2011, inspired by the student's movement in the Faculty of Medicine, on the basis of the idea that public universities must contribute to the social control of Public Health Policies through deliberation and citizen empowerment. Guided by this aim, the Organization was formed, along with its objectives and organizational structure. To date, the Organization has focused on four areas: 1) Literature review and analysis of public health policies, 2) Training in Health Policy and Systems, 3) Promoting debate on public policies, and 4) Coordination with other actors in the health sector. Given its student composition, the main limitations are the lack of effective training in critical thinking at the health schools in our country, and the academic overload of the students, which in the context of its extra-curricular character, hinders the fulfillment of its objectives. Strengthening and replicating this kind of organizations requires the participation of all Stakeholders in the university community, to permit the convergence of their diverse knowledge, experiences, and perspectives on the topics studied. In addition, its inclusion in the institutional structure would formalize the University's commitment to the critical formation of future health professionals, in order to contribute to the national debate in public policy.

Cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease: yield and cost-effectiveness analysis.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of patients with suspected interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes surgical lung biopsy (SLB) when clinical and radiological data are inconclusive. However, cryobiopsy is acquiring an important role in the ILD diagnostic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield, safety and economic costs of the systematic use of cryobiopsy in the assessment of patients with suspected ILD. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of patients who had undergone transbronchial cryobiopsy for evaluation of ILD from January 2011 to January 2014. The procedures were performed with a video bronchoscope using a cryoprobe for the collection of lung parenchyma specimens, which were analyzed by pathologists. Diagnostic yield, complications and economic costs of this technique were analyzed. RESULTS: Criobiopsy specimens from a total of 33 patients were included. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 26, producing a diagnostic yield of 79%. In 5 patients, SLB was required for a histopathological confirmation of disease, but the procedure could not be performed in 4, due to severe comorbidities. The most frequent complications were pneumothorax (12%) and gradei (9%) or gradeii (21%) bleeding. There were no life-threatening complications. The systematic use of cryobiopsy saved up to €59,846. CONCLUSION: Cryobiopsy is a safe and potentially useful technique in the diagnostic assessment of patients with ILD. Furthermore, the systematic use of cryobiopsy has an important economic impact.