Assessment of thermal changes in water buffalo mobilized from the paddock and transported by short journeys.

Evaluating the welfare of buffaloes during transport is key to obtaining and commercializing high-quality meat products; however, effective assessments require recognizing several stressors that activate physiological mechanisms that can have repercussions on the health and productive performance of species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface temperatures of different body and head regions in this species during events prior, and posterior, to transport for short periods; that is, from paddock to loading. The second goal was to determine the level of correlation between thermal windows. This study used infrared thermography (IRT) to evaluate the surface temperature of 624 water buffaloes (Buffalypso breed) during 12 short trips (average duration = 2 h ± 20 min) by focusing on 11 regions of the body (Regio corporis), in the head regions (Regiones capitis) the face regions (Regiones faciei), Orbital region (Regio orbitalis) with special attention to structures such as the lacrimal caruncle, periocular area and lower eyelid (Regio palpebralis inferior); nasal region (Regio nasalis) with special attention to nostril thermal window; and regions of the skull (Regiones cranii) such as auricular region (Regio auricularis) with special attention to auditory canal and frontal-parietal region (Regio frontalis-parietalis) and trunk region (Truncus regionis) such as thoracic and abdominal regions, regions of the vertebral column (Columna vertebralis) with the thoracic vertebral region (Regio vertebralis thoracis) and lumbar region (Regio lumbalis); and regions of the pelvis limb (Regiones membri pelvini). Recordings were made during seven phases: paddock (P1), herding (P2), corral (P3), chute handling (P4), shipping (P5), pre- (P6), and post-transport (P7). A total of 48,048 readings were obtained from 11 thermal windows. The results showed that the surface temperatures of the windows increased by as much as 5°C during P2, P3, P5, P6, and P7 compared to P1 and P4 (p < 0.0001). Differences of at least 1°C were also observed between thermal windows in the craniofacial, lateral corporal, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Finally, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.9, p < 0.0001) was found between the thermal windows. These findings lead to the conclusion that the surface temperature of the craniofacial and corporal regions of buffaloes transported for short periods varied in relation to the phase of mobilization (from paddock to post-transport), likely as a response to stressful factors, since herding and loading increased the thermal values in each window. The second conclusion is that there are strong positive correlations between central and peripheral thermal windows.

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them.

"You can't touch this": Delivery of inpatient neuropsychological assessment in the era of COVID-19 and beyond.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that has created sudden and unique challenges within the field of clinical neuropsychology. Adapting neuropsychology services using teleneuropsychology models (e.g. video or telephone assessments) may not always be a viable option for all providers and settings. Based on the existing teleneuropsychology literature, we propose a "contactless" evidence-based inpatient test battery to be used for in-person assessments amenable to physical distancing. Method: In addition to the proposed test battery, we suggest a decision-making workflow process to help readers determine the appropriateness of the proposed methods given their patients' needs. Considerations for special populations (i.e. seniors, patients with brain injury, psychiatric patients), feedback, limitations of the proposed physical distancing approach, and future directions are also discussed. Conclusions: Our aim is that the suggested teleneuropsychology-informed battery and model may inform safe and practical neuropsychological inpatient assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic and other situations requiring contact precautions for infection prevention and control.

Burden of Disease Attributable to Obesity and Overweight in Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the burden of disease attributable to obesity and overweight conditions using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in Colombia. METHODS: The burden of disease was estimated following an adapted methodology published by the World Health Organization. A selection of diseases was performed in which overweight and obesity are risk factors. DALYs were calculated by obtaining the proportion of cases and deaths of every disease that can be attributable to obesity and overweight conditions. The economic impact of obesity was calculated by multiplying the cost of care per patient for each comorbidity by the number of cases attributable exclusively to obesity. RESULTS: A total of 997 371 DALYs were estimated, 45% of which corresponded to men; 81% of DALYs corresponded to years lived with disability. Conditions with greater attributable DALYs are, in order, hypertension (31.6% of the total DALYs), type 2 diabetes mellitus (28.0%), cardiac ischemic disease (14.6%), and lower back pain (11.2%). An estimation of 20.5 DALYs per 1000 inhabitants was made. The economic impact of care for comorbidities associated with obesity could amount to $2158 million. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight conditions are related to higher mortality and disability than previously estimated; effective interventions aimed at prevention and treatment will have a high impact on quality of life.

Dar a luz en salud pública: caracterización de mujeres pa rturientas de Mendoza, Argentina / Public health's bearing: characterization of parturient women in Mendoza, Argentina

Objetivo: caracterizar a una muestra de mujeres parturientas de Mendoza (Argentina), atendiendo a variables personales y contextuales. Materiales y métodos: estudio con enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental-transversal y alcance descriptivo.Muestra no probabilística-intencional, conformada por 73 mujeres que fueron entrevistadas 48 horas después de que habían dado a luz en un hospital público de la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una escala de factores demográficos y socioeconómicos y un formulario de datos médicos. De ellos se obtuvieron diferentes estadísticos descriptivos. Resultados: se registraron embarazos adolescentes, consumo moderado de alcohol y tabaco durante la gestación,niveles de educación predominantemente bajos, gran índice de desempleo suplidos, en algunos casos, por ayudas económicas gubernamentales y un predominio de la estructura familiar tradicional. El porcentaje de partos por cesárea fue menor al 30% y los valores de edad gestacional, peso, talla, pulso, perímetro cefálico y puntaje Apgar de los recién nacidos resultaron esperables. Conclusiones: a partir de los resultados encontrados se visibiliza la necesidad de implementar acciones políticas que permitan garantizar los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres usuarias del sistema público de salud durante su embarazo, parto y puerperio. Se considera relevante trabajar sobre la prevención del embarazo adolescente, un mayor y mejor registro en las historias clínicas y el mejoramiento de las condiciones edilicias. A su vez, se alienta a continuar con las prácticas actuales que han permitido disminuir la tasa de mortalidad materna y neonatal..(AU)

Objective: characterize a sample of parturient women from Mendoza (Argentina), attending to personal and contextual variables. Materials and methods: it was used a quantitative approach with no experimental-transversal design and descriptive scope. Non-probabilistic-intentional sample, consisting of 73 women who were interviewed 48 hours after they had given birth in a public hospital in the City of Mendoza. The data was collected through a scale of demographic and socioeconomic factors and a medical data form. Different descriptive statistics were obtained. Results: there were some adolescent pregnancies, moderate consumption of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy, predominantly low education levels, high unemployment rate, in some cases, supplemented by government financial aid and a predominance of the traditional family structure. The percentage of cesarean deliveries was less than 30% and gestational age, weight, height, pulse, head circumference and Apgar score of newborns were expected. Conclusions: actions and policies are required to guarantee the reproductive rights of women who use the public health system during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. It is also considered essential to work on the prevention of adolescent pregnancy, a greater and better record in the medical books and the improvement of building conditions. At the same time, it is encouraged to continue with the current practices that have boosted to reduce the maternal and neonatal mortality rate..(AU)

Analytical performance of a low-cost multiplex polymerase chain reaction human papillomavirus genotyping assay for use in Sub-Saharan Africa.

We have tested a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assay to fill the need for rapid and low-cost HPV detection in Sub-Saharan Africa. This method allows high throughput genotyping and simultaneous detection of 14 high-risk and two low-risk HPV types, by PCR amplification of HPV DNAs in a single reaction tube. In this study, we describe stepwise experiments to validate the multiplex HPV PCR assay for determination of HPV genotypes from 104 cervical brush samples from Tanzanian women. Assay performance was evaluated by determination of intra-laboratory reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity. Further performance was assessed by comparison with the widely accepted and validated HPV My09/My11 amplification and hybridization assay. Statistics; the Cohen kappa (κ) and McNemar P values were used to analyze interobserver and intermethod agreement. Overall concordance between the multiplex and line blot hybridization assays was 99% (per sample) with a κ value equal to 0.95; and 96.49% (per detection event) with a κ value of 0.92. Interobserver reproducibility of the assay per sample was 95.76% with κ of 0.91. These results demonstrate that the multiplex HPV PCR assay has high analytical sensitivity and specificity in detecting as many as 16 different HPV genotypes and that its simplicity and low cost makes it well suited for sub-Saharan Africa.

Analysis of laser therapy and assessment methods in the rehabilitation of temporomandibular disorder: a systematic review of the literature.

The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the effects of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of TMD, and to analyze the use of different assessment tools. [Subjects and Methods] Searches were carried out of the BIREME, MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO electronic databases by two independent researchers for papers published in English and Portuguese using the terms: "temporomandibular joint laser therapy" and "TMJ laser treatment". [Results] Following the application of the eligibility criteria, 11 papers were selected for in-depth analysis. The papers analyzed exhibited considerable methodological differences, especially with regard to the number of sessions, anatomic site and duration of low-level laser therapy irradiation, as well as irradiation parameters, diagnostic criteria and assessment tools. [Conclusion] Further studies are needed, especially randomized clinical trials, to establish the exact dose and ideal parameters for low-level laser therapy and define the best assessment tools in this promising field of research that may benefit individuals with signs and symptoms of TMD.

Assessment of type of bite and vertical dimension of occlusion in children and adolescents with temporomandibular disorder.

The aim of the present study was determine the type of bite and abnormalities in the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) among children and adolescents with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The Helkimo index was employed for the diagnostic investigation of TMD. A clinical examination was performed for the determination of occlusion. The VDO was measured using a digital caliper. Fisher's exact text was used to determine associations between type of bite, gender and TMD. The Student's t-test was used to compare age and VDO by gender. The significance level was set to 5% or corresponding p-value. Children and adolescents with anterior open bite were 1.2-fold more likely to develop TMD in comparison to those without any type of malocclusion. The same was found for those with posterior crossbite and mixed malocclusion. A statistically significant association was found between the VDO and age in both genders. TMD affected 68.85% of the sample. No correlation was found between malocclusion, VDO and TMD in the sample. The present findings suggest that individuals with malocclusion are more prone to TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate all variables capable of influencing the harmony of the stomatognathic system for an effective diagnosis of TMD and malocclusion.

Avaliação dos indicadores de qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e alterações osteomusculares em camareiras de hotéis da orla marítima de Maceió, Alagoas / Evaluation of the indicators of quality of life, functional capacity and musculoskeletal changes in hotel maids of the sea coast of Maceió, Alagoas

Introdução: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho são responsáveis por uma parcela significativa das causas de queda de rendimento do trabalhador. Objetivo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os indicadores de qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e alterações osteomusculares em camareiras de hotéis da orla marítima do município de Maceió, Alagoas. Métodos: Este estudo descritivo do tipo transversal e quantitativo foi realizado com 36 camareiras, por meio da aplicação de três questionários validados no Brasil. Resultados: Verificou-se que a maioria delas apresentou uma qualidade de vida relativamente boa. Referente às alterações osteomusculares, constataram-se predomínio de lesões em punho, mãos, dedos e na região lombar, além disso, observou-se que quanto maior a idade e o tempo de exercício na profissão menor a capacidade funcional. Conclusão: Sugere-se a implementação de medidas preventivas de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e promotoras de melhor condição de saúde para as camareiras.

Introduction: The work-related musculoskeletal disorders are responsible for a significant portion of the causes of falling income of the worker. Objective: The aim in this study was to evaluate the indicators of quality of life, functional capacity and musculoskeletal changes in hotel maids of the seacost in the city of Maceió, State Alagoas. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted with 36 hotel maids of the seacost of Maceió, reaching the objective through the application of three validated questionnaires in Brazil. Results: It was found that most of the hotel maids had a relatively good quality of life, with a predominance of lesions in the wrist, hands, fingers and lower back, moreover, it was observed that the greater age and duration of exercise as hotel maid, minor the functional capacity. Conclusion: It was suggested the implementation of preventive measures of work-related diseases and promote better health condition for the hotel maids.

Health professionals' and dietetics practitioners' perceived effectiveness of fruit and vegetable parenting practices across six countries.

Fruit and vegetable intake may reduce the risk of some chronic diseases. However, many children consume less-than-recommended amounts of fruit and vegetables. Because health professionals and dietetics practitioners often work with parents to increase children's fruit and vegetable intake, assessing their opinions about the effectiveness of parenting practices is an important step in understanding how to promote fruit and vegetable intake among preschool-aged children. Using a cross-sectional design, collaborators from six countries distributed an Internet survey to health and nutrition organization members. A self-selected sample reported their perceptions of the effectiveness of 39 parenting practices intended to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in preschool-aged children from May 18, 2008, to September 16, 2008. A total of 889 participants (55% United States, 22.6% Mexico, 10.9% Australia, 4.4% Spain, 3.3% Chile, 2.2% United Kingdom, and 1.6% other countries) completed the survey. The fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices items were categorized into three dimensions (structure, responsiveness, and control) based on a parenting theory conceptual framework and dichotomized as effective/ineffective based on professional perceptions. The theoretically derived factor structures for effective and ineffective parenting practices were evaluated using separate confirmatory factor analyses and demonstrated acceptable fit. Fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices that provide external control were perceived as ineffective or counterproductive, whereas fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices that provided structure, nondirective control, and were responsive were perceived as effective in getting preschool-aged children to consume fruit and vegetables. Future research needs to develop and validate a parent-reported measure of these fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices and to empirically evaluate the effect of parental use of the parenting practices on child fruit and vegetable consumption.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida, tipos de lesões e capacidade funcional em jovens atletas praticantes de basquete / Assessment of quality of life, types of injuries and functional disability in young basketball athletes

O objetivo deste estudo foi coletar dados sobre a qualidade de vida de jovens atletas de basquete, registrando os tipos de lesões (traumática ou atraumática) para correlacioná-las com a dor e o nível de incapacidade funcional. 45 atletas do sexo masculino, idades entre 12 e 16 anos, participaram deste estudo. Estes atletas participaram de jogos oficiais do Campeonato Paulista de Basquetebol 2004, categorias Mini-Mirim, Infantil e Infanto-Juvenil. Foram aplicados os questionários de qualidade de vida Sf-36, MCGill de dor, e o questionário de incapacidade funcional Oswestry, em quatro fases diferentes: 1. Fase pré-campeonato; 2. Início do campeonato; 3. Ao término do campeonato; 4. Um mês após o término do campeonato. Os resultados obtidos demonstram similariedades dos escores de todo os atletas, evidenciando uma quantidade de vida semelhante entre eles. Os domínios Capacidade Funcional e Aspectos Sociais foram os melhores escores, sendo que Dor e Vitalidade foram os principais fatores apresentados. Lesões atraumáticas foram observadas progressivamente e com maior freqüência durante o campeonato, principalmente na categoria Infanto-Juvenil. Estas lesões coincidiram com os menores escores de dor do questionário SF-36. Mesmo demonstrando aspectos negativos como dor, vitalidade e alta porcentagem de lesões atraumáticas, todos os atletas apresentaram incapacidade funcional mínima durante todas as coletas efetuadas.

The aim of study was to collect data about the the basketball athlete’s quality of life, recording the types of injuries (traumatic or non-traumatic) and correlate them with pain and functional disability level . 45 male atthletes, ages 12 to 16 years, old, participated in this study. They were participating in the official games of the 2004 São Paulo State Basketball Championship, categories Mini-Mirim, Infantil and Inafanto-Juvenil. The questionnaires Quality of Life SF-36, McGill Pain questionnaire, and Oswestry Functional Disability Index were administered in four different phases: 1. Pré-tournament; 2. Beginning of the official games; 3. Tournament finals; 4. 1 month after the end of the end of the season. The results demonstrated similarities in the scores for all athletes, establishing an equivalence of quality of life among them. The domains Functional Capability and Social Aspects were the best scores, while Pain and Vitality were the main negative factors displayed. Non-traumatic injuries were progressive and observed with a higher frequency during the tournament, maibly for the Infanto-Juvenil category. These injuries coincided with the SF_36 lowest scores for pain. Even displaying negative aspects as pain, vitality and high percentage of non-traumatic injuries, all athletes presented minimum functional disability during all the interviews performed.

Avaliação pré e pós-tratamento fisioterapêutico na disfunção temporomandibular / Assessment of pre and post physical therapy in temporomandibular dysfunction

Um sinal comumente observado nas disfunções temporomandibulares e a limitação na movimentação mandibular. Com isso, este estudo objetivou avaliar o tratamento fisioterapêutica em um paciente com limitação na abertura bucal. Para isso, um paciente do sexo masculino, 21 anos, passou por avaliação fisioterapêutica, na qual constatou-se diminuição da amplitude de movimento mandibular, deflexão a direita, tensão na musculatura mastigatória e alteração cervical. Apos avaliação, iniciou-se o tratamento fisioterapêutica, que foi realizado em quatro sessões. Apos o tratamento, verificou-se ganho significativo da abertura bucal (r = 0,97), da lateralidade a direita e a esquerda (r = 0,70; r = 0,92), o que demonstrou a efetividade do tratamento no paciente estudado.

A common sign observed in temporomandibular dysfunctions is the limitation of mandibular movement. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the physical therapy in a patient with mouth opening limitation. For such, one male patient, 21 years old, underwent the physiotherapeutic assessment, in which was noted a decrease in mandibular range of motion, deflection to the right, masticatory musculature tension and cervical alteration. After the assessment, physiotherapeutic treatment initiated, performed in four sessions. It was observed after treatment a significative mouth opening gain (r = 0,97), right and left lateralization (r = 0,70; r = 0,92), which demonstrated the effectiveness of the physical therapy on the studied patient.

Correlation between the clinical phonoaudiological assessment and electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre os resultados obtidos na palpação e os dados obtidos no exame eletromiográfico do músculo masseter. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 21 adultos jovens do sexo feminino, idades entre 17-25 anos. Os dados da avaliação fonoaudiológica foram obtidos por meio da palpação do músculo masseter durante a contração isométrica por dois fonoaudiólogos e os dados eletromiográficos foram captados com a utilização de eletrodos de superfície bipolares posicionados no músculo masseter durante a contração isotônica, sendo os voluntários orientados a mastigar bilateral e simultaneamente o material Parafilme®.O estudo da atividade elétrica do músculo mastigatório foi analisado pelo valor de RMS (Root Mean Square) na contração isotônica do músculo. ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística Kappa. RESULTADOS: Os resultados deste estudo indicaram baixa correlação entre a palpação e a eletromiografia (25%) e entre avaliadores (40%). CONCLUSÃO: a partir dos achados do presente estudo, que a correlação entre os dados obtidos na palpação do músculo masseter em relação aos dados obtidos no exame eletromiográfico foi muito baixa. Os resultados indicam que a palpação muscular não substitui o exame eletromiográfico, devendo complementá-lo.