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1.
J Clin Epidemiol ; 172: 111407, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38838964

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach is a systematic method for assessing the certainty of evidence (CoE) and strength of recommendations in health care. We aimed to verify the effects of an online-based GRADE course on multirater consistency in the evaluation of the CoE in systematic reviews (SRs) analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Sixty-five Brazilian methodologists and researchers participated in an online course over 8 weeks. Asynchronous lessons and weekly synchronous meetings addressed the GRADE system in the context of CoE assessment. We asked participants to evaluate the CoE of random SRs (two before and another two after the course). Analyzes focused on the multirater agreement with a standard response, in the interrater agreement, and before-after changes in the proportion of participants that rated down the domains. RESULTS: 48 individuals completed the course. Participants presented improvements in the raters' assessment of the CoE using the GRADE approach after the course. The multirater consistency of indirectness, imprecision, and the overall CoE increased after the course, as well as the agreement between raters and the standard response. Furthermore, interrater reliability increased for risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias, and overall CoE, indicating progress in between-raters consistency. After the course, approximately 78% of individuals rated down the overall CoE to a low/very low degree, and participants presented more explanations for the judgment of each domain. CONCLUSION: An online GRADE course improved the consistency and agreement of the CoE assessment by Brazilian researchers. Online training courses have the potential to improve skills in guideline methodology development.


Assuntos
Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Brasil , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/normas , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Feminino , Masculino , Internet , Adulto , Educação a Distância/normas , Educação a Distância/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
2.
Cad Saude Publica ; 37(10): e00335720, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34787284

RESUMO

Monitoring trends of contraceptive use and identifying the groups with less coverage are needed to guide public policies and make them more efficient. But, in Brazil, recent data about these aspects are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of contraceptive use and its inequalities during adolescence and early adulthood. Data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were used. At 15, 18 and 22 years, respectively, 335, 1,458 and 1,711 women reported having started their sexual lives and were included in analysis. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were obtained to describe the most used contraceptive methods. Inequalities in modern contraceptive use were evaluated according to wealth index, scholastic backwardness and ethnicity. In all follow-ups, more than 80% of women used at least one modern method. The use of barrier methods decreased with age; at 22 this prevalence was 36.3%. Such use concomitant with other modern methods was lower than 50% in all follow-ups. We observed inequalities in the use of modern contraceptive methods, mainly in barrier methods used with other modern methods. These findings may contribute and improve the public policies in family planning.


Assuntos
Coorte de Nascimento , Anticoncepcionais , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Anticoncepção , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
3.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(10): e00335720, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345612

RESUMO

Monitoring trends of contraceptive use and identifying the groups with less coverage are needed to guide public policies and make them more efficient. But, in Brazil, recent data about these aspects are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of contraceptive use and its inequalities during adolescence and early adulthood. Data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were used. At 15, 18 and 22 years, respectively, 335, 1,458 and 1,711 women reported having started their sexual lives and were included in analysis. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were obtained to describe the most used contraceptive methods. Inequalities in modern contraceptive use were evaluated according to wealth index, scholastic backwardness and ethnicity. In all follow-ups, more than 80% of women used at least one modern method. The use of barrier methods decreased with age; at 22 this prevalence was 36.3%. Such use concomitant with other modern methods was lower than 50% in all follow-ups. We observed inequalities in the use of modern contraceptive methods, mainly in barrier methods used with other modern methods. These findings may contribute and improve the public policies in family planning.


É necessário monitorar as tendências no uso de métodos contraceptivos e identificar os grupos com menor cobertura, a fim de orientar as políticas públicas e torná-las mais eficientes. Entretanto, no Brasil, são limitados os dados recentes sobre a cobertura dos métodos contraceptivos. O estudo buscou investigar a prevalência do uso de métodos contraceptivos e as desigualdades no uso durante a adolescência e início da vida adulta. Foram usados dados da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1993, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Aos 15, 18 e 22 anos, respectivamente, 335, 1.458 e 1.711 mulheres informaram já terem iniciado a vida sexual e foram incluídas na análise. Foram obtidas as prevalências e intervalos de 95% de confiança para descrever os métodos contraceptivos mais utilizados. As desigualdades no uso de métodos contraceptivos modernos foram avaliadas de acordo com o índice de riqueza, atraso escolar e cor da pele. Em todos os seguimentos, mais de 80% das mulheres informavam usar pelo menos um método moderno. O uso de métodos de barreira diminuiu com a idade (prevalência de 36,3% aos 22 anos). Esse uso junto com outro método moderno era menos de 50% em todos os seguimentos. Foram observadas desigualdades no uso de métodos contraceptivos modernos, principalmente no uso de método de barreira junto com outro método moderno. Os achados podem contribuir para melhorar as políticas públicas em planejamento familiar.


Es necesario monitorizar las tendencias en el uso de métodos contraceptivos e identificar los grupos con menor cobertura, a fin de orientar las políticas públicas y hacerlas más eficientes. Sin embargo, en Brasil, son limitados los datos recientes sobre la cobertura de los métodos contraceptivos. El estudio buscó investigar la prevalencia del uso de métodos contraceptivos y las desigualdades en su uso, durante la adolescencia e inicio de la vida adulta. Se usaron datos de la cohorte de nacimientos de 1993 en Pelotas, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. A los 15, 18 y 22 años, respectivamente, 335, 1.458 y 1.711 mujeres informaron ya haber iniciado la vida sexual y fueron incluidas en el análisis. Se obtuvieron las prevalencias e intervalos de 95% de confianza para describir los métodos contraceptivos más utilizados. Las desigualdades en el uso de métodos contraceptivos modernos fueron evaluadas de acuerdo con el índice de riqueza, atraso escolar y color de piel. En todos los seguimientos, más de un 80% de las mujeres informaban usar por lo menos un método moderno. El uso de métodos de barrera disminuía con la edad (prevalencia de 36,3% a los 22 años). Ese uso junto con otro método moderno era menos de un 50% en todos los seguimientos. Se observaron desigualdades en el uso de métodos contraceptivos modernos, principalmente en el uso del método de barrera junto a otro método moderno. Los hallazgos pueden contribuir a mejorar las políticas públicas en la planificación familiar.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Anticoncepcionais , Parto , Brasil , Prevalência , Anticoncepção
4.
Rev Saude Publica ; 54: 41, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32321057

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sexual behavior of freshmen undergraduate students according to demographic, economic, psychosocial and behavioral characteristics, and evaluate the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of the census type with undergraduate students over 18 years old of 80 undergraduate courses of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), who entered in the first semester of 2017 and remained enrolled in the second semester. Undergraduate students who reported having had sex were evaluated. We considered as risky sexual behavior having more than one sexual partner within the last three months and not having used condoms in the last sexual intercourse. RESULTS: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 9% (95%CI 7.6-10.5). Men presented more risky behavior than women, with a prevalence of 10.8% and 7.5%, respectively. Of the undergraduate students, 45% did not use condoms in the last sexual intercourse, and 24% had two partners or more within three months before the survey. Smartphone applications for sexual purposes were used by 23% of students within three months before the survey. Risky sexual behavior was associated with gender, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of alcohol consumption, consumption of psychoactive substances before the last sexual intercourse and use of smartphone applications for sexual purposes. CONCLUSION: Although undergraduate students are expected to be an informed population, the prevalence of risky sexual behavior was important, indicating the need to expand public investment in sexual education and awareness actions.


Assuntos
Censos , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coito/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: biblio-1101858

RESUMO

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the sexual behavior of freshmen undergraduate students according to demographic, economic, psychosocial and behavioral characteristics, and evaluate the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study of the census type with undergraduate students over 18 years old of 80 undergraduate courses of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), who entered in the first semester of 2017 and remained enrolled in the second semester. Undergraduate students who reported having had sex were evaluated. We considered as risky sexual behavior having more than one sexual partner within the last three months and not having used condoms in the last sexual intercourse. RESULTS The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 9% (95%CI 7.6-10.5). Men presented more risky behavior than women, with a prevalence of 10.8% and 7.5%, respectively. Of the undergraduate students, 45% did not use condoms in the last sexual intercourse, and 24% had two partners or more within three months before the survey. Smartphone applications for sexual purposes were used by 23% of students within three months before the survey. Risky sexual behavior was associated with gender, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of alcohol consumption, consumption of psychoactive substances before the last sexual intercourse and use of smartphone applications for sexual purposes. CONCLUSION Although undergraduate students are expected to be an informed population, the prevalence of risky sexual behavior was important, indicating the need to expand public investment in sexual education and awareness actions.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o comportamento sexual de ingressantes universitários de acordo com características demográficas, econômicas, psicossociais e comportamentais, e avaliar a prevalência de comportamento sexual de risco e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS Estudo de delineamento transversal, do tipo censo, com universitários maiores de 18 anos, de 80 cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), no RS, que ingressaram no primeiro semestre de 2017 e que permaneceram matriculados no segundo semestre. Avaliou-se o comportamento sexual de risco entre os estudantes que relataram já ter tido relações sexuais alguma vez na vida, considerado quando relatado mais de um parceiro sexual nos últimos três meses e não ter utilizado preservativo na última relação. RESULTADOS A prevalência de comportamento sexual de risco foi de 9% (IC95% 7,6-10,5). Estudantes do sexo masculino apresentaram mais comportamento de risco do que estudantes do sexo feminino, com prevalência de 10,8% e 7,5%, respectivamente. Dos universitários, 45% não utilizaram preservativo na última relação e 24% tiveram dois parceiros ou mais nos últimos três meses. Os aplicativos de celular para fins sexuais nos últimos três meses foram utilizados por 23% dos estudantes. O comportamento sexual de risco esteve associado com sexo, idade da primeira relação sexual, frequência de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, consumo de substâncias psicoativas antes da última relação e uso de aplicativos de celular para fins sexuais. CONCLUSÃO Embora se espere que os universitários sejam uma população informada, a prevalência de comportamento sexual de risco foi importante, indicando a necessidade de ampliação do investimento público em ações de educação sexual e conscientização.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Censos , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Coito/psicologia
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