RESUMO
Estrogen Receptor-ß (ERß) has been implicated in many cancers. In prostate and breast cancer its function is controversial, but genetic studies implicate a role in cancer progression. Much of the confusion around ERß stems from antibodies that are inadequately validated, yet have become standard tools for deciphering its role. Using an ERß-inducible cell system we assessed commonly utilized ERß antibodies and show that one of the most commonly used antibodies, NCL-ER-BETA, is non-specific for ERß. Other antibodies have limited ERß specificity or are only specific in one experimental modality. ERß is commonly studied in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, but we found no ERß expression in either, using validated antibodies and independent mass spectrometry-based approaches. Our findings question conclusions made about ERß using the NCL-ER-BETA antibody, or LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines. We describe robust reagents, which detect ERß across multiple experimental approaches and in clinical samples.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/imunologia , Mama/efeitos dos fármacos , Mama/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/genética , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Indicadores e Reagentes , Masculino , Peptídeos , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/metabolismo , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Public policy requires public support, which in turn implies a need to enable the public not just to understand policy but also to be engaged in its development. Where complex science and technology issues are involved in policy making, this takes time, so it is important to identify emerging issues of this type and prepare engagement plans. In our horizon scanning exercise, we used a modified Delphi technique. A wide group of people with interests in the science and policy interface (drawn from policy makers, policy adviser, practitioners, the private sector and academics) elicited a long list of emergent policy issues in which science and technology would feature strongly and which would also necessitate public engagement as policies are developed. This was then refined to a short list of top priorities for policy makers. Thirty issues were identified within broad areas of business and technology; energy and environment; government, politics and education; health, healthcare, population and aging; information, communication, infrastructure and transport; and public safety and national security.