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1.
J Appl Genet ; 61(2): 205-212, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32157657

RESUMO

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disease caused by a sporadic heterozygous microdeletion in 7q11.23. It is characterized by distinctive facial appearance, cardiopathy, short stature, intellectual disability, and endocrine abnormalities. To evaluate the growth pattern of patients with WBS and to identify the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in this population, a systematic review of studies published in English, between 1987 and 2018, was performed following the PRISMA protocol using the PubMed, Cochrane, and BIREME databases. Original articles and articles that evaluated growth status using weight, or height, or head circumference (HC), or body mass index (BMI) of individuals with WBS were included. Case reports, articles with data from other syndromes, and articles that did not present as a central theme the evaluation of growth were not included. WBS presented specific growth pattern, characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, low weight, length, and HC at birth. This global growth delay persisted during childhood and adolescence. BMI was not different to the reference population, and obesity was not observed in childhood. The mechanisms that determine this typical growth pattern are not totally clear; however, the typical pubertal development of these patients and the intrinsic and secondary lesions caused by microdeletion at 7q11.23 seem to be the major factors involved. Conclusion: Patients with WBS have a growth pattern different from the general reference population. The reference charts for normal population should not be used for WBS patients because it often underestimate their growth. Specific growth charts for WBS patients are necessary.


Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7/genética , Obesidade/genética , Síndrome de Williams/genética , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Fácies , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Williams/complicações , Síndrome de Williams/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Williams/fisiopatologia
2.
Endocr Pract ; 26(4): 388-398, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31859548

RESUMO

Objective: To characterize resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with classic 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH CAH) using indirect calorimetry and compare it to the most commonly used REE predictive equations. Methods: This case-control study comprised 29 post-pubertal 21-OH CAH patients regularly followed at the University of Campinas. Elevated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and CYP21 gene molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis. A healthy control group paired by age, gender, and body mass index was examined. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured body compositions. A bioimpedance analyzer determined fat-free mass, and indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart measured REE. Results: Unlike our initial hypothesis, REE was similar between the groups (18.7 ± 3.1 kcal/kg/day in CAH vs. 20.3 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day in controls; P = .728). No predictive equations reached the stipulated accuracy criteria, thus lacking validity in REE assessment in adults with the characteristics of the group studied. DEXA analysis revealed higher body fat and diminished nonbone lean mass in 21-OH CAH. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters were not significantly different. Conclusion: Classic 21-OH CAH is generally followed in reference centers, which may facilitate indirect calorimetry use for REE measurement. Alternatively, considering our REE findings in adult 21-OH CAH patients, nutrition management based on 25 kcal/body weight/day (measured REE × activity factor 1.2 to 1.3) may be reasonable for current body weight maintenance in these patients. Abbreviations: 17-OHP = 17-hydroxyprogesterone; 21-OH CAH = classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia; BMI = body mass index; REE = resting energy expenditure; VO2 = volume of oxygen; VCO2 = volume of carbon dioxide.


Assuntos
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita , Metabolismo Basal , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilase
3.
Diabetol Metab Syndr ; 11: 62, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31384310

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a hallmark in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that favor both atherogenesis and ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Sodium-glucose-2 co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) may hypothetically improve microvascular and macrovascular functions via a broad spectrum of mechanisms, being superior to traditional antidiabetic therapy such as sulfonylurea, even in subjects under equivalent glycemic control. Hence, the present clinical trial was designed to compare the effect of these two treatments on markers of arterial wall function and inflammation in T2DM patients as well as on the potential mediating parameters. METHOD AND RESULTS: ADDENDA-BHS2 is a prospective, single-center, active-controlled, open, randomized trial. Ninety-eight participants (40-70 years old) with HbA1c 7-9% were randomized (1:1, stratified by gender, BMI and HbA1c levels) to either dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or glibenclamide 5 mg/day on top of metformin. The primary endpoint was the change of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after a 12-week period of treatment evaluated at rest and after IRI between dapagliflozin and glibenclamide arms. Secondary outcomes were defined as the difference between treatments regarding: plasma nitric oxide (NO) change after FMD, plasma isoprostane, plasma levels of vascular inflammatory markers and systemic inflammatory markers, plasma levels of adipokines, anthropometric measures, glucose control parameters, office and ambulatory BP control. Safety endpoints were defined as systolic and diastolic function assessed by echocardiography and retinopathy change. Serious adverse events were recorded. The study protocol was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee. CONCLUSION: The ADDENDA-BHS2 trial is an investigator-initiated clinical trial comparing the effect of dapagliflozin versus glibenclamide on several aspects of vascular function in high cardiovascular risk T2DM patients. Besides, a large clinical and biochemical phenotype assessment will be obtained for exploring potential mediations and associations.Trial registration Clinical trial registration: NCT02919345 (September, 2016).

4.
Nutrition ; 59: 44-49, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30419499

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of different methods of resting energy expenditure (REE) data analysis using indirect calorimetry (IC) during traditional (30 min) and abbreviated (10 min) protocols. METHODS: Fifteen women and 15 men (21-34 y of age) completed two consecutive 30-min IC measurements. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The reference method for REE analysis was 5 min in steady state (SS) during 30 min (first 5 min discarded). REE measurements were randomized to define a reference or testing method. An interval method was defined using 25, 20, and 15 min (with first 5, 10, and 15 min discarded, respectively), during 30 min, and 5 min (first 5 min discarded) during 10-min intervals. The SS method was defined using 5 min in SS (first 5 min discarded) during 30 min, 5, 4, and 3 min in SS during 10-min (first 5 min discarded) intervals. RESULTS: Interval methods during 30 min and SS and interval methods during 10 min demonstrated large bias with significantly high REEs compared to the reference method (78.8-109.0 kcal/d, all P < 0.001). Testing methods demonstrated large upper limits of agreement between 225.2 and 322.8 kcal/d. No mean differences (P > 0.05), small bias (14.3 kcal/d), and narrow limits of agreement (-125.8 to 154.4 kcal/d) were observed between 5-min SS during 30 min and the reference method. CONCLUSIONS: All interval methods and SS methods during 10 min overestimated REE. We recommend using 5-min SS during 30 min. The measurement may be repeated until all participants achieve SS.


Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal , Calorimetria Indireta/métodos , Metabolismo Energético , Fatores de Tempo , Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Absorciometria de Fóton/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Descanso/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 20(1): 102-113, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-897896

RESUMO

Abstract Optimizing bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence may help prevent bone diseases in advanced ages. The aim of this study was to verify the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in female adolescent's handball players. This is a cross-sectional study where 68 female adolescents (12-17 years) were allocated into two groups: handball players (n = 29) (HG) and control group (n = 39) (CG). BMC and BMD from total body (TB), total body less head (TBLH), lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle (WT) and respectively Z-scores were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sexual maturity, menarche, PHV, time of sun exposure, physical activity level and Calcium and vitamin D intake were assessed. The HG showed significantly higher BMC, BMD as well Z-scores values (p≤0.05) of total body, TBLH, femoral neck, hip and lumbar spine than the CG. When the values were adjusted for lean soft tissue (LST) the HG showed significantly higher BMC of femoral neck (p≤0.05), as well as BMD of TBLH and femoral neck (p≤0.05) and Z-score values all bone sites except hip, than the CG. We conclude that handball players have significantly higher bone mass values compared to group of girls of the same age.


Resumo Otimizar o ganho da massa óssea durante a infância e adolescência pode auxiliar na prevenção de doenças ósseas em idades mais avançadas. Objetivou-se verificar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) em adolescentes do sexo feminino. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 68 meninas adolescentes (12 a 17 anos), divididas em dois grupos: jogadoras de handebol (HG: n=29) e grupo controle (CG: n=39). DMO e CMO de corpo inteiro (TB), corpo total menos cabeça (TBLH), coluna lombar (L1-L4), colo do fêmur (FN) e triângulo de Ward's (WT) e respectivos escore Z foram medidos usando a absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios-x (DXA). Também foi avaliada a maturidade sexual, menarca, PVC e ingestão de cálcio e vitamina D. As jogadoras de handebol mostraram valores de CMO, DMO e respectivos escores Z do corpo inteiro, TBLH, fêmur, quadril e coluna lombar significativamente maiores quando comparados ao grupo controle. Quando ajustados para a massa isenta de gordura o grupo HG apresentou valores maiores para o CMO do fêmur e DMO do fêmur e TBLH; e nos valores de escore Z de todos os sítios ósseos, exceto o quadril, quando comparadas ao CG. Concluímos que as jogadoras de handebol têm valores de massa óssea significativamente maiores comparadas ao grupo de meninas da mesma idade.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Esportes , Densidade Óssea
6.
Nutrition ; 39-40: 43-49, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28606569

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The model most suitable for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) metabolic maps is not known; moreover, the applicability in individuals with different body sizes also is uncertain. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of REE estimation from models of DXA metabolic maps with four, five, and six tissue-organ components in young men, stratified by body size. METHODS: We studied 52 young men between the ages of 18 and 29 y. Participants were clustered to small (SW; n = 32) and large (LW; n = 20) weight, and small (SWH; n = 25) and large (LWH; n = 27) weight-height. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (REEm), and predicted from DXA metabolic maps with four (REEc1), five (REEc2) and six (REEc3) tissue-organ components. RESULTS: REEc1, REEc2, and REEc3 explained 54% (P < 0.001), 56% (P < 0.001), and 58% (P < 0.001) of REEm variance in all participants, respectively. However, REEc2 showed mean difference between REEm (P < 0.001), and REEc3 showed trends in estimating the REE (P < 0.05). In contrast, REEc1 showed limits of agreement (95%) of -248.3 to 285.8 kcal/d, 18.7 ± 136.3 kcal/d of bias, and no trends in the Bland-Altman analysis. The relationship between all predicted models and measured REE decreased in LW and LWH. CONCLUSIONS: REEc1 can be considered the best accurate model of REE estimation in Brazilian young men, providing the REE and metabolically active tissue-organ of four components. Caution should be exercised with the use of DXA metabolic maps in populations with greater weight and greater weight-height.


Assuntos
Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Tamanho Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Humanos , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Descanso , Adulto Jovem
7.
Nutr Clin Pract ; 31(3): 349-54, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26888859

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The optimum abbreviated period for measurement by indirect calorimetry (IC) to estimate the resting energy expenditure (REE), including the acclimation period, in healthy individuals has not been established. This study aimed to determine the acclimation time required to achieve the REE steady state during a 30-minute IC measurement and to define the optimum abbreviated measurement period in the steady state to estimate the REE in healthy young adults. METHODS: Thirty-nine volunteers (27 men and 12 women; age, 18-31 years) were recruited. The REE was obtained by IC over 30 minutes. Friedman's test was used to compare the coefficient of variation (CV%) among all 5-minute intervals (REE5). To compare the REE values obtained during the first REE5 interval in the steady state with the REE average values of the subsequent measurements, Student paired t test, linear regression, and Bland-Altman test were used. RESULTS: The CV% of the first REE5 (mean ± standard deviation: 19.9% ± 13.2%) was significantly higher (P < .0001) than that of all other REE5 (second REE5: 7.4% ± 3.8%; third: 7.8% ± 5.2%; fourth: 7.1% ± 3.9%; fifth: 8.0% ± 5.7%; sixth: 8.0% ± 4.5%). No significant difference was found between the second REE5 and the REE average values of the last 20 minutes. The second REE5 explained 90% of the REE average of the last 20 minutes, with the 95% limits of agreement by the Bland-Altman test ranging from -142.92 to 150.44 kcal/d. CONCLUSION: Ten minutes can be used as an abbreviated alternative for IC measurements in healthy young adults, and values of the first 5-minute interval should be discarded.


Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Calorimetria Indireta/métodos , Calorimetria Indireta/estatística & dados numéricos , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev. nutr ; 25(2): 229-236, mar.-abr. 2012. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-645499

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao excesso de peso em estudantes adolescentes em Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 741 adolescentes de escolas particulares de Rio Branco, Acre. Foram mensuradas as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, classe socioeconômica, escolaridade dos pais, número de moradores no domicílio, número de irmãos, atividade física, tempo de TV e de computador. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para verficar as possíveis relações entre excesso de peso corporal e algus fatores associados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de excesso de peso foi de 26,9% (30,0% nos meninos e 24,2% nas meninas): apenas o sexo (masculino, OR=1,34), a classe socioeconômica (média alta, OR=2,06 e alta, OR=2,36) e a atividade física (insuficientemente ativo, OR=2,75) apresentaram maior risco para desenvolver excesso de peso. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudantes adolescentes do sexo masculino, de classe socioeconômica elevada e que praticam pouca atividade física foram os que apresentaram maior risco de excesso de peso nessa região do Brasil.


OBJECTIVE: This study verified the prevalence of excess weight and associated factors in adolescents from private schools in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 741 adolescents from private schools in Rio Branco, Acre. The following data were collected: sex, age, socioeconomic status, parents' education level, number of people in the household, number of siblings, level of physical activity, and number of hours spent daily watching television and using a computer. Logistic regression was used to investigate possible relationships between excess weight and associated factors. RESULTS: The general prevalence of excess weight was 26.9% (30.0% for males and 24.2% for females). Inactive (OR=2.75) males (OR=1.34) from the upper middle class (OR=2.06) or upper class (OR=2.36) were at highest risk of excess weight. CONCLUSION: Inactive male adolescents belonging to the upper middle and upper classes are at high risk of excess weight in this region of Brazil.


Assuntos
Atividade Motora , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Prevalência , Sobrepeso
9.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 55(3): 317-21, 2009.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19629353

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate age of menarche and anthropometric data of schoolgirls of different socioeconomic levels in Cascavel, state of Parana, in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 with 2,761 girls evaluated in 27 private and public schools. Age at menarche was obtained by the status quo method. Sexual maturity was assessed by self evaluation, according to Tanner's criteria. Socioeconomic level was obtained through the ABEP (2003) questionnaire. Data of weight, stature and Body Mass Index (BMI) were obtained. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test at 5% significance. RESULTS: Age at menarche was 12.2+/-1.2 years in the whole sample, and was 12.1+/-1.1; 12.3+/-1.2 and 12.4+/-1.2 in girls from high, medium and low socioeconomic levels, respectively. Post-menarche girls aged 10-17 years had higher values of stature and weight and girls aged 11-14 years had higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Age at menarche was lesser in girls from a higher socioeconomic level. Although these differences had been found in distinct socioeconomic levels, they were considered biologically small.


Assuntos
Antropometria , Menarca/fisiologia , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Classe Social , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
10.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 55(2): 121-6, 2009.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19488644

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of pupils from public schools of two cities in the western part of the state of Parana according to socioeconomic status and race. METHODS: 1,443 children (aged 6 - 11 years) of both genders, classified as white or black and with different socioeconomic status were evaluated by weight, height and body mass index, transformed into the z score. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, variance analysis and linear regression with significance of 5% were used. RESULTS: In the low socioeconomic status black pupils were predominant. Black boys presented lower values in weight and height in relation to white boys. When values of the z score lower than -2 were considered, white girls predominated in weight and height and black boys in height. No significant difference was found in values above +2. Low interaction of socioeconomic status and age was observed to predict weight, as well as for socioeconomic status, age and color of the skin, for height. CONCLUSION: Despite socioeconomic and racial differences found, there was no important variation of the nutritional status in the group of schoolchildren evaluated.


Assuntos
População Negra , Estado Nutricional , População Branca , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Criança , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos
11.
J Bone Miner Metab ; 27(4): 494-501, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19283337

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone mass by phalanges ultrasound in healthy white and black schoolchildren in relationship to socioeconomic level, pubertal stage, and body composition. Included were 1,356 healthy schoolchildren aged from 6 to 11 years from different socioeconomic levels and both genders; all were placed into white and black groups. Weight, height, body mass index, fat percentage, fat mass, and lean mass were evaluated by anthropometric methods, and AD-SoS bone quantity and UBPI bone quality were evaluated using a third-generation IGEA phalanges DBM Sonic BP ultrasound. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney, chi-squared, correlation coefficient, and analyses of multiple linear regression statistical tests with 5% significance. Black schoolchildren predominated in the low socioeconomic levels. Higher values of weight and height for black boys and girls were observed in the lean mass in relation to white children of the same gender and age. An increasing variation in the bone quantity mean was observed from 6 to 11 years of age and with pubertal stage for both genders and skin color. The white schoolchildren presented higher values of bone quantity and quality in relation to the black children. The anthropometric, gender, and socioeconomic level variables explained only 16 and 11% of the variability of bone quantity and quality, respectively. As such, the present study, carried out with healthy black and white Brazilian schoolchildren, demonstrated higher bone mass, as evaluated by ultrasound, in white than in black schoolchildren.


Assuntos
População Negra , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Puberdade/fisiologia , População Branca , Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Falanges dos Dedos da Mão/anatomia & histologia , Falanges dos Dedos da Mão/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Análise de Regressão , Caracteres Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Ultrassonografia
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 55(3): 317-321, 2009. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-520184

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a idade da menarca e a antropometria de meninas escolares de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos em Cascavel (Estado do Paraná) -Região Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado no ano de 2006 com 2.761 meninas em 27 escolas públicas e particulares. A idade da menarca foi obtida pelo método status quo. Para a avaliação da maturação sexual foi realizada a autoavaliação de acordo com os critérios descritos por Tanner. O nível socioeconômico foi obtido por meio do questionário da ABEP (2003). Avaliou-se o peso e a estatura, obtendo-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Foram utilizados a análise estatística descritiva e o teste de Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: A idade da menarca geral foi 12,2±1,2 anos e 12,1±1,1; 12,3±1,2 e 12,4±1,2 anos para os tercis alto, médio e baixo de nível socioeconômico, respectivamente. Foram constatados valores superiores para as meninas pós-menarca no peso e na estatura dos 10 aos 17 anos de idade e no IMC dos 11 aos 14 anos de idade. CONCLUSÕES: As meninas de nível socioeconômico alto apresentaram idade da menarca em idade inferior aos demais níveis socioeconômicos. Embora estas diferenças tenham sido observadas em níveis socioeconômicos distintos, biologicamente foram consideradas pequenas.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate age of menarche and anthropometric data of schoolgirls of different socioeconomic levels in Cascavel, state of Parana, in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 with 2,761 girls evaluated in 27 private and public schools. Age at menarche was obtained by the status quo method. Sexual maturity was assessed by self evaluation, according to Tanner's criteria. Socioeconomic level was obtained through the ABEP (2003) questionnaire. Data of weight, stature and Body Mass Index (BMI) were obtained. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test at 5 percent significance. RESULTS: Age at menarche was 12.2±1.2 years in the whole sample, and was 12.1±1.1; 12.3±1.2 and 12.4±1.2 in girls from high, medium and low socioeconomic levels, respectively. Post-menarche girls aged 10-17 years had higher values of stature and weight and girls aged 11-14 years had higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Age at menarche was lesser in girls from a higher socioeconomic level. Although these differences had been found in distinct socioeconomic levels, they were considered biologically small.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Antropometria , Menarca/fisiologia , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Classe Social , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 55(2): 121-126, 2009. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-514807

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional de escolares do ensino público de duas cidades do oeste do Paraná em relação aos aspectos socioeconômicos e à cor da pele. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 1.443 crianças de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, divididas em brancas e negras com idades de 6 a 11 anos de idade de ambos os gêneros, e avaliadas pelo peso, estatura e índice de massa corporal, sendo calculado o escore z. Foram aplicados os testes de Qui quadrado, exato de Fisher, análise de variância e Tukey e a análise de regressão linear múltipla, com significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Os escolares negros predominaram nos níveis socioeconômicos baixos. Os meninos negros apresentaram valores menores no peso e na estatura em relação aos brancos. Para os valores de escore z abaixo de -2, as meninas brancas predominaram no peso e na estatura e os meninos negros na estatura. Não foi observada diferença nos valores acima de +2. A análise de regressão linear múltipla indicou interação baixa de nível socioeconômico e idade para predizer o peso, o mesmo ocorrendo para nível socioeconômico, idade e cor da pele para estatura. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das diferenças socioeconômicas e da cor da pele encontradas, não foram observados desvios importantes no estado nutricional neste grupo de escolares analisadas.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of pupils from public schools of two cities in the western part of the state of Parana according to socioeconomic status and race. METHODS: 1,443 children (aged 6 - 11 years) of both genders, classified as white or black and with different socioeconomic status were evaluated by weight, height and body mass index, transformed into the z score. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, variance analysis and linear regression with significance of 5 percent were used. RESULTS: In the low socioeconomic status black pupils were predominant. Black boys presented lower values in weight and height in relation to white boys. When values of the z score lower than -2 were considered, white girls predominated in weight and height and black boys in height. No significant difference was found in values above +2. Low interaction of socioeconomic status and age was observed to predict weight, as well as for socioeconomic status, age and color of the skin, for height. CONCLUSION: Despite socioeconomic and racial differences found, there was no important variation of the nutritional status in the group of schoolchildren evaluated.


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , População Negra , População Branca , Estado Nutricional , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
14.
Rev. nutr ; 21(4): 401-409, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-496466

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional em escolares da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Porto Velho (RO) em relação à idade, ao sexo e às características sócio-demográficas em uma população de baixo nível socioeconômico. MÉTODOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 1 057 escolares com baixo nível socioeconômico, de ambos os sexos, entre 7 e 10 anos, selecionada por meio de amostragem aleatória proporcional por setor e, divisão intencional por conglomerado de turma. Foi utilizado um questionário para obter informações sobre os dados sóciodemográficos. Os escolares foram classificados segundo o peso para a estatura em desnutridos, eutróficos, sobrepesos e obesos; e segundo o peso para a estatura e estatura para idade em eutróficos, desnutridos agudos, pregressos ou crônicos. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os sexos para peso ou estatura. Em relação apenas ao peso para a estatura, 86,0 por cento foram classificados com eutróficos, 4,0 por cento desnutridos, 7,0 por cento sobrepesos e 3,0 por cento obesos. Em relação aos índices de peso para estatura e estatura para idade, 89,0 por cento foram classificados em eutróficos, 2,5 por cento desnutridos agudos, 7,0 por cento desnutridos pregressos e 1,5 por cento desnutridos crônicos. CONCLUSÃO: Os escolares do ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal de Porto Velho (RO) com baixo nível socioeconômico apresentaram baixa prevalência de desnutrição ou sobrepeso/obesidade. Estes dados encontrados podem ser comparados aos de outras cidades e regiões do Brasil.


OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of schoolchildren in public schools in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil, in relation to age, gender and sociodemographic features in a population of low socioeconomic status. METHODS: The sample comprised 1,057 schoolchildren of low socioeconomic status of both genders, aging from 7 to 10 years, selected by stratified random sampling by sector and purposeful sampling by group. Sociodemographic data were obtained with a questionnaire. The schoolchildren were classified according to their weight-for-height into malnourished, well nourished and overweight/obese and according to their weight-for-height and height-for-age into well nourished, severely malnourished, chronically malnourished or formerly malnourished. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between males and females for weight and height. In relation to weight-for-height alone, 86.0 percent were normal, 4.0 percent were malnourished, 7.0 percent were overweight and 3.0 percent were obese. In relation to weight-for-height and height-for-age, 89 percent were normal, 2.5 percent were acutely malnourished, 7.0 percent were formerly malnourished and 1.5 percent were chronically malnourished. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malnutrition or overweight/obesity was low among elementary schoolchildren of low socioeconomic status in public schools of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. These data can be compared with data from other Brazilian cities and regions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/diagnóstico
15.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 25(4): 305-310, dez. 2007. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-473266

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre atividade física e características socioeconômicas com a presença de obesidade e/ou sobrepeso em crianças de seis a 14 anos, escolares da Escola Sérgio Porto e pacientes que procuraram o Ambulatório de Pediatria no Hospital de Clínicas (HC), ambos no campus da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionário aos pais ou responsáveis e coleta de dados de peso e altura das crianças. Foi calculado o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), e feita a classificação em normal, sobrepeso ou obesidade, a partir dos dados do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dos Estados Unidos. Foi feita análise descritiva dos dados e utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A amostra ambulatorial foi composta por 107 crianças (13,1 por cento com sobrepeso e 11,2 por cento obesas) e a escolar de 109 (16,5 por cento com sobrepeso e 20,2 por cento obesas). Não foi observada diferença significante entre a prevalência de obesidade ou de obesidade e sobrepeso entre as duas amostras, apesar de as amostras serem diferentes em relação à renda mensal (p<0,0001), escolaridade materna (p<0,0001) e atividade física (p<0,0001), sendo que a população ambulatorial apresentou menores índices nestas três variáveis, comparada à escolar. CONCLUSÕES: Os índices de sobrepeso e obesidade encontrados no presente estudo foram elevados, confirmando que houve a transição nutricional em ambas as amostras, de maneira similar à observada no resto do nosso país, independentemente do sexo, da classificação socioeconômica e da atividade física.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the association between physical activity and socio-economic status with the presence of obesity and/or overweight in children aged six to 14 years of two different sources: an elementary school and an out-patient Pediatric clinic of one university hospital of Campinas, São Paulo. METHODS: A socio-demographic questionnaire was answered by parents and the evaluation of children's weight and height was performed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA, standards for body mass index (BMI) The children were divided in three categories: normal, overweight and obese. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used to compare both groups of children. RESULTS: 107 children from the university hospital were studied (13.1 percent with overweight and 11.2 percent obese) as well as 109 from the elementary school (16.5 percent overweight and 20.2 percent obese). Both groups were similar regarding the prevalence of obesity alone or obesity and overweight. Groups differed in family income (p<0.0001), number of maternal years in school (p<0.0001) and physical activity (p<0.0001), with disadvantage of the clinic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of overweight and obesity observed in this study were high, pointing out that a nutritional transition has occurred in both samples independently of gender, socio-economic status and physical activity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Atividade Motora , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Estudantes
16.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 25(1): 76-81, mar. 2007. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-462329

RESUMO

Obejetivo: apresentar uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre a evolução da idade da menarca. Fontes de dados: artigis publicados até o momento de estudos originais nacionais e internacionais com informações a respeito da idade da menarca e sua variabilidade em diferentes períodos e regiões, nas bases de dados do Lilacs, Scielo e PubMed. Síntese dos dados: a revisão foi estruturada em tópicos com dados internacionais, dados nacionais da idade da menarca, causas e principais explicações sugeridas para as diferentes idades da menarca, como estado nutricional, condição sociecnômica e cultural. Conclusões: a idade da menarca parece se manter em queda, tanto em países desenvolvidos como em desenvolvimento. Porém, pode-se afirmar que esta queda tem menor velocidade que a apresentada entre o final do século XIX e início do XX, não ocorre de forma similar nos diversos países e regiões estudados, provavelmente devido a diferentes influências de fatores climáticos, étnicos e nutricionais, em especial, ressalta-se a prevalência crescente de sobrepeso e obesidade em determinados estudos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Menarca , Puberdade
17.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-469816

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a maturação sexual de escolares do sexo feminino em uma escola pública da cidade de Rio Branco (AC). Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal por três anos consecutivos (2003 a 2005), com um grupo de meninas que em 2003 cursavam a 5ª ou 6ª série do Ensino Fundamental II em Rio Branco (AC). O método proposto por Marshall e Tanner para avaliação de mamas e de pêlos pubianos. A idade da menarca foi obtida prospectivamente. A classificação da maturação sexual foi feita de acordo com Vitalle et al. (inserir data). O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal de acordo com o critério do NCHS e a avaliação socioeconômica pelas normas da ABEP (2003). Das 44 meninas que completaram o estudo, 39 (89%) pertenciam ao nível socioeconômico médio-baixo ou pobre; e 30 (68%) em 2003 e 21 (48%) em 2005 estavam desnutridas. Em 2003, 35 (79%) estavam em estadio inicial de desenvolvimento puberal e apenas 8(18%) haviam apresentado menarca, enquanto que em 2005, 39 (89%) estavam em estadio avançado ou completo de desenvolvimento e 37 (84%) apresentavam maturação. A média da idade da menarca foi de 12,7 + 0,7 anos. Conclui-se que esta amostra de meninas de escola pública da região Norte do Brasil, a idade da menarca foicompatível com os dados descritos na literatura nacional e internacional. A antecipação da puberdade descritaem alguns estudos mais recentes, não foi observada, provavelmente, devido ao nível socioeconômico baixo e ao padrão nutricional com a ausência de obesidade.


The objective this study was to verify the schoolgirl sexual maturation in a public school from Rio Branco(AC). It was a longitudinal study for 3 consecutive years (2003 to 2005), with the same group of girls who studiedat grades 5 or 6 in a school from Rio Branco (AC). The method proposed by Marshall and Tanner to evaluate beastand pubic. The age of menarche was obtained prospectively. The classification of sexual maturation was done according to Vitalle et al.. The nutritional status was evaluated by bone mass index according to NCHS data andthe socioeconomic evaluation, by ABEP (2003) patterns. From 44 schoolgirls who completed the study, 39 (89%)were from middle-lower or lower socio-economic level; and 30 (68%) in 2003 and 21 (48%) were malnourished. In2003, 35 (79%) had initiated the puberty and only 8 (18%) have presented menarche; while in 2005, 39 (89%) presented advanced or complete stages of sexual development and 37 (84%) menarche. The mean age of menarche was 12.7 + 0.7 years. This sample of girls of a public school from North Region of Brazil showed similar data of menarche in comparison from other national and international studies. The advanced puberty observed in somerecent studies was not observed in this sample, probably due to the socio-economic level and the nutritionalstatus without obesity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Puberdade , Instituições Acadêmicas , Classe Social
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