PROTOCOL: Non-pharmacological interventions for older people with a diagnosis of depression: An evidence and gap map.

This is the protocol for an evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: To map available randomized control trials, economic evaluations, and systematic reviews that assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for older people with a diagnosis of depression and identify any existing gaps in the evidence that can inform future research.

Financial asset allocation duality and enterprise upgrading: empirical evidence from the Chinese A-share market.

This study selects the financial data of Chinese non-financial listed companies from 2012 to 2021 as the research sample and empirically examines in detail the impact of financial asset allocation on enterprise upgrading and its mechanism. The study finds that financial assets have a dual influence on enterprise upgrading. Short-term financial assets provide the necessary funds for production activities, thus promoting enterprise upgrading. Long-term financial assets crowd out the funds needed for production activities and thus inhibit enterprise upgrading, resulting in an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial assets and enterprise upgrading. Mechanism testing revealed that risk-taking capacity and earnings persistence are important ways in which financial assets affect enterprise upgrading. In addition, the impact of financial assets on enterprise upgrading differs for different types of financial assets. The financial asset significantly impacts the upgrading of over-indebtedness, non-state-owned, and high financing constraints enterprises. This study enriches the research literature on financial assets and enterprise upgrading and provides new micro evidence for understanding the impact of financial assets on the enterprise upgrading of listed companies.

Urban and industrial environmental pollution control in China: An analysis of capital input, efficiency and influencing factors.

With rapid urbanization and industrialization, environmental pollution caused by such activities has drawn much attention due to its adverse impacts on environmental quality and public health. Therefore, under the current background of China's ecological civilization construction, promoting the precise and scientific treatment of environmental pollution holds great significance. This paper proposes an improved perpetual inventory method to systematically measure the capital stock of urban and industrial pollution control. The efficiency of urban and industrial pollution control is measured by adopting the global data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. Then, the influencing factors of pollution control efficiency are empirically analyzed by using the spatial Tobit regression model. The results reveal that, first, the growth rate of the capital input scale of urban pollution control is greater than that of industrial pollution control, and the spatial distribution of capital input is unbalanced. Second, the efficiency of urban and industrial pollution control from 1991 to 2019 was generally low. The current efficiency values of urban and industrial pollution control are less than 0.2 and 0.5, respectively, indicating that urban and industrial pollution control are far from efficient. Third, the efficiency of urban and industrial pollution control is significantly positively related to the level of urbanization and industrialization, has a U-shaped relationship with the economic development level, and has heterogeneous effects on technology, energy intensity, government influence and foreign trade. On this basis, we provide constructive suggestions for optimizing the performance of pollution control.

How do heterogeneous R&D investments affect China's green productivity: Revisiting the Porter hypothesis.

Currently, China's environmental pollution control investment and R&D investment have increased at a remarkable speed, exceeding the GDP growth rate. Against this background, determining the impact of different orientations of R&D investment on green total-factor productivity (GTFP) is essential for overcoming the dual dilemma of resource depletion and environmental degradation. By applying the perpetual inventory method (PIM), meta-frontier DEA method and mediation effect test methods, this paper empirically tests the effects and mechanisms of environmentally induced R&D (ER&D) and traditional R&D (TR&D) on promoting GTFP during 2004-2019 in China at the provincial level. The results show that (1) ER&D investment has significantly promoted the growth of GTFP, while TR&D's promoting effects on GTFP are not significant; (2) ER&D promotes the growth of GTFP through the three channels of emission reduction, clean energy consumption, and green technology progress; and (3) from the perspective of regional heterogeneity, ER&D's promoting effects on GTFP in the eastern provinces are higher than the central and western provinces, and the promoting effects in the northern provinces are higher than in the southern provinces. From the perspective of pollution degree heterogeneity, ER&D's promotion of GTFP shows an inverted U-shaped characteristic as the pollution level increases. This means that, in the process of China's environmental governance, it is necessary to increase ER&D investment and guide green innovation to serve pollution control to achieve sustainable and high-quality economic development.

Modifications of Z-Epicanthoplasty Combined with Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty in Asians.

BACKGROUND: Epicanthoplasty combined with double-eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most popular cosmetic procedures in Asians. However, the postoperative medial canthal scar is a concerned issue. Here the authors adopted some modifications of Z-epicanthoplasty to minimize the canthal scar. METHODS: Modifications of Z-epicanthoplasty were mainly in three aspects. First, supratarsal creases were created before epicanthoplasty to prevent the impact of tension variation on epicanthal incisions, caused by elevating and tightening of the upper eyelid skin. Second, one triangle flap was determined according to the transposition of another one in Z-plasty, and hence, it can be guaranteed that the incisions were closed free of tension with more accuracy and less injury to surrounding tissues. Third, linear scar contracture was avoided by adopting discontinuous incisions, and the resulting skin bulge was eliminated by making an additional stitch to anchor the pretarsal skin on the tarsal plate. The follow-up interval was 1 month to 2 years, with a median of 6.5 months. RESULTS: From January 2012 to December 2015, 237 female and 4 male patients received the surgery. Except five (2.07%) patients, who were not satisfied with the color of incision scars in medial canthal area, none complained about scars 6 months after surgery. The appearance of the supratarsal crease was natural, and the medial canthal scar was inconspicuous in close observation at 2 years. CONCLUSION: The modifications of Z-epicanthoplasty are safe and effective. It is potentially helpful to minimize postoperative medial canthal scars. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

[Change of resource environmental bearing capacity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its driving factors].

Based on the evaluation index system established for measuring the resource environmental bearing capacity (REBC), this paper measured the REBC of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by applying the state space model and analyzed their driving factors by using the Tobit model. The results showed that the REBC of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was in the available state and at the rising stage as well during 2000-2012. The social economic growth had great pressure on the resources and environment. The bearing ratios of the REBCs of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei all presented a U curve and located at low levels, which meant that there was high REBC potential in these regions. Both of the permanent population and the urban residents 'Engel' s coefficient were the influence factors of the REBC of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The population problem was likely to become the bottleneck to restrict the regional social and economic development, and also threaten the resources and environment. The specific driving factors of the REBC were different in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. For example, energy consumption per unit of GDP only had significant impact on Tianjin. At last, the paper proposed that the three regions should complement each other in resources and environment, social development, and economic structure, also the REBC should be taken a reference in decision and policy making.