Atuação do enfermeiro em saúde mental na estratégia de saúde da família / The role of mental health nurses in the family health strategy

Objetivos: conhecer a atuação do enfermeiro e os cuidados desempenhados em saúde mental na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Método: estudo descritivo e qualitativo, tendo como cenário um polo de matriciamento em saúde mental. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista individual, com questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: os resultados obtidos foram agrupados e discutidos por meio das seguintes categorias: ações de enfermagem no campo da saúde mental desenvolvidas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família e apoio matricial em Saúde Mental como elemento facilitador da prática de enfermagem. Conclusão: os enfermeiros têm desenvolvido ações de enfermagem no campo da saúde mental na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, e o apoio matricial atua como principal elemento facilitador da prática de enfermagem, reafirmando a Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. Em contrapartida, a sobrecarga de ações e a restrita formação em saúde mental são elementos que dificultam o trabalho desse profissional.

Objectives: to know the role of nurses and the care performed in mental health in the Family Health Strategy. Method: a descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative study, with a scenario of matrix support in mental health. Data collection was carried out through individual interviews and with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: the results obtained were grouped and discussed through the following categories: Nursing actions mental health field developed in the Family Health Strategy, and Matrix Support in Mental Health as a facilitating element of nursing practice. Conclusion: nurses have developed nursing actions mental health field in the Family Health Strategy and matrix support acts as the main facilitator of nursing practice, reaffirming the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. On the other hand, the overload of actions and the limited training in mental health are elements that hinder the work of these professionals.

Depressão em pacientes atendidos em serviço de saúde mental: fatores associados e diagnósticos de enfermagem / Depression in patients served in mental health service: prevalence and associated factors / Depresión en pacientes atendidos en servicio de salud mental: prevalencia y factores associados

OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência de depressão em pacientes atendidos em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e diagnósticos de Enfermagem associados ao desfecho. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado entre janeiro a junho de 2018, em 370 prontuários de pacientes atendidos, no período de 2002 a 2016, em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de um município do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Com o auxílio de um instrumento, foram coletados dados clínicos, sociodemográficos e diagnósticos de Enfermagem. Os diagnósticos de Enfermagem foram validados por especialistas com suporte no raciocínio diagnóstico de Risner. Realizaram-se análises descritiva, bivariada e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: dos 370 pacientes, 57 (15,4%) apresentaram depressão. A maioria (53,2%) era composta por indivíduos do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 36 anos. Os diagnósticos de Enfermagem prioritários entre os pacientes com depressão foram: humor deprimido (100%), crise (68,4%), insônia (45,6%) e risco de suicídio (49,1%). As variáveis independentes que impactaram, de forma significativa, o desfecho depressão foram: sexo feminino (p=0,012), insônia (p=0,006) e risco de suicídio (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: identificar precocemente possíveis fatores e diagnósticos de Enfermagem associados à pessoa com depressão poderá auxiliar na implementação de cuidados acurados a pacientes com esse problema atendidos em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial.

OBJECTIVE: estimate the prevalence of depression in patients seen in a psychosocial care center, identify the sociodemographic factors and nursing diagnoses associated with the outcome. METHOD: cross-sectional study, carried out between January and June 2018, in 370 medical records of patients treated, from 2002 to 2016, in a psychosocial care center in a municipality in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. With the aid of an instrument, clinical, sociodemographic and nursing diagnoses data were collected. Nursing diagnoses were validated by specialists with support for Risner's diagnostic reasoning. Descriptive, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: of the 370 patients, 57 (15.4%) had depression. The majority (53.2%) were female and the average age was 36 years. The priority nursing diagnoses among patients with depression were: depressed mood (100%), crisis (68,4%), insomnia (45,6%) and risk of suicide (49,1%). The independent variables that significantly impacted the depression outcome were: female gender (p=0,012), insomnia (p=0,006) and risk of suicide (p<0,001). CONCLUSION: early identification of possible nursing factors and diagnoses associated with a person with depression may help in the implementation of accurate care for patients with this problem treated at a psychosocial care center.

OBJETIVO: estimar la prevalencia de depresión en pacientes atendidos en un centro de atención psicosocial, identificar los factores sociodemográficos y diagnósticos de enfermería asociados al resultado. MÉTODO: estudio transversal, realizado entre enero y junio de 2018, en 370 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos, de 2002 a 2016, en un centro de atención psicosocial de un municipio del norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Con la ayuda de un instrumento se recolectaron datos de diagnósticos clínicos, sociodemográficos y de enfermería. Los diagnósticos de enfermería fueron validados por especialistas con apoyo del razonamiento diagnóstico de Risner. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, bivariado y regresión logística. RESULTADOS: de los 370 pacientes, 57 (15,4%) tenían depresión. La mayoría (53,2%) eran mujeres y la edad media era de 36 años. Los diagnósticos de enfermería prioritarios entre los pacientes con depresión fueron: estado de ánimo deprimido (100%), crisis (68,4%), insomnio (45,6%) y riesgo de suicidio (49,1%). Las variables independientes que impactaron significativamente el resultado de la depresión fueron: sexo femenino (p=0,012), insomnio (p=0,006) y riesgo de suicidio (p<0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: la identificación temprana de posibles factores de enfermería y diagnósticos asociados a una persona con depresión puede ayudar en la implementación de una atención adecuada a los pacientes con este problema atendidos en un centro de atención psicosocial.

A systematic review of older adults' request for or attitude toward euthanasia or assisted-suicide.

OBJECTIVES: Prevalence rates of death by euthanasia (EUT) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) have increased among older adults, and public debates on these practices are still taking place. In this context, it seemed important to conduct a systematic review of the predictors (demographic, physical health, psychological, social, quality of life, religious, or existential) associated with attitudes toward, wishes and requests for, as well as death by EUT/PAS among individuals aged 60 years and over. METHOD: The search for quantitative studies in PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases was conducted three times from February 2016 until April 2018. Articles of probable relevance (n = 327) were assessed for eligibility. Studies that only presented descriptive data (n = 306) were excluded. RESULTS: This review identified 21 studies with predictive analyses, but in only 4 did older adults face actual end-of-life decisions. Most studies (17) investigated attitudes toward EUT/PAS (9 through hypothetical scenarios). Younger age, lower religiosity, higher education, and higher socio-economic status were the most consistent predictors of endorsement of EUT/PAS. Findings were heterogeneous with regard to physical health, psychological, and social factors. Findings were difficult to compare across studies because of the variety of sample characteristics and outcomes measures. CONCLUSION: Future studies should adopt common and explicit definitions of EUT/PAS, as well as research designs (e.g. mixed longitudinal) that allow for better consideration of personal, social, and cultural factors, and their interplay, on EUT/PAS decisions.

Exploring synergistic interactions and catalysts in complex interventions: longitudinal, mixed methods case studies of an optimised multi-level suicide prevention intervention in four european countries (Ospi-Europe).

BACKGROUND: The Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for complex interventions highlights the need to explore interactions between components of complex interventions, but this has not yet been fully explored within complex, non-pharmacological interventions. This paper draws on the process evaluation data of a suicide prevention programme implemented in four European countries to illustrate the synergistic interactions between intervention levels in a complex programme, and to present our method for exploring these. METHODS: A realist evaluation approach informed the process evaluation, which drew on mixed methods, longitudinal case studies. Data collection consisted of 47 semi-structured interviews, 12 focus groups, one workshop, fieldnoted observations of six programme meetings and 20 questionnaires (delivered at six month intervals to each of the four intervention sites). Analysis drew on the framework approach, facilitated by the use of QSR NVivo (v10). Our qualitative approach to exploring synergistic interactions (QuaSIC) also developed a matrix of hypothesised synergies that were explored within one workshop and two waves of data collection. RESULTS: All four implementation countries provided examples of synergistic interactions that added value beyond the sum of individual intervention levels or components in isolation. For instance, the launch ceremony of the public health campaign (a level 3 intervention) in Ireland had an impact on the community-based professional training, increasing uptake and visibility of training for journalists in particular. In turn, this led to increased media reporting of OSPI activities (monitored as part of the public health campaign) and also led to wider dissemination of editorial guidelines for responsible reporting of suicidal acts. Analysis of the total process evaluation dataset also revealed the new phenomenon of the OSPI programme acting as a catalyst for externally generated (and funded) activity that shared the goals of suicide prevention. CONCLUSIONS: The QuaSIC approach enabled us to develop and refine our definition of synergistic interactions and add the innovative concept of catalytic effects. This represents a novel approach to the evaluation of complex interventions. By exploring synergies and catalytic interactions related to a complex intervention or programme, we reveal the added value to planned activities and how they might be maximised.

Public attitudes toward depression and help-seeking in four European countries baseline survey prior to the OSPI-Europe intervention.

BACKGROUND: Stigmatizing attitudes toward depression and toward help-seeking are important barriers for people with mental health problems to obtain adequate professional help. This study aimed to examine: (1) population attitudes toward depression and toward seeking professional help in four European countries; (2) the relation between depression stigma and attitudes toward help-seeking; (3) the relation between both attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics; and (4) differences in attitudes across countries. METHODS: A representative general population survey (n=4011) was conducted in Germany, Hungary, Ireland, and Portugal, assessing attitudes toward depression and toward help-seeking, and a number of socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: Respondents showed a moderate degree of personal stigma toward depression and a strikingly higher degree of perceived stigma. Although a substantial majority showed openness to seek professional help, only half of the people perceived professional help as valuable. More negative attitudes were found in Hungary and were associated with male gender, older age, lower educational level and living alone. Also, personal stigma was related to less openness to and less perceived value of professional treatment. LIMITATIONS: The survey was cross-sectional, so no causal inferences could be drawn. CONCLUSIONS: Personal and perceived stigma toward depression deserves public health attention, since they impact upon the intention of people with depression to seek professional help. Public media campaigns should focus on the credibility of the mental health care sector, and target males, older people, and those with a lower educational level and living alone. The content of each campaign should be adapted to the cultural norms of the country for which it is intended.