Digital interventions to promote physical activity among inactive adults: A study protocol for a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, and inactive adults have a higher risk to develop lifestyle diseases. To date, there is preliminary evidence of the efficacy of fitness technologies and other digital interventions for physical activity (PA) promotion. Intervention studies are needed to test the effectiveness and implementation of innovative PA promotion strategies. Methods and analysis: The ONWARDS study is a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation randomized control trial aiming at an inactive and presumably high-risk population living in Northern Norway. One hundred and eighty participants will be assigned to 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio and participate for 18 months. Participants in group A will be provided an activity tracker with the personalized metric Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI). Participants in group B will be provided with both an activity tracker with the personalized metric PAI and access to online training videos (Les Mills+) to perform home-based training. Participants in group C will be provided an activity tracker with the personalized metric PAI, home-based online training and additional peer support via social media. The primary objective is to test which combination of interventions is more effective in increasing PA levels and sustaining long-term exercise adherence. Secondary objectives include: proportion of participants reaching PA recommendations; exercise adherence; physical fitness; cardiovascular risk; quality of life; perceived competence for exercise; self-efficacy; social support; usability; users' perspectives on implementation outcomes (adoption, acceptability, adherence, sustainability). The study design will allow testing the effectiveness of the interventions while gathering information on implementation in a real-world situation. Discussion: This study can contribute to reduce disparities in PA levels among inactive adults by promoting PA and long-term adherence. Increased PA might, in turn, result in better prevention of lifestyle diseases. Digital interventions delivered at home can become an alternative to training facilities, making PA accessible and feasible for inactive populations and overcoming known barriers to PA. If effective, such interventions could potentially be offered through national health portals to citizens who do not meet the minimum recommendations on PA or prescribed by general practitioners or specialists. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04526444, Registered 23 April 2021, identifier: NCT04526444.

An integrated core training program improves joint symmetry and metabolic economy in trained runners.

BACKGROUND: Over 60 million Americans participate in running as a form of exercise or sport annually, making it the most popular form of physical activity in the country. Although there are numerous health benefits from a regular running routine, it is also an activity associated with a high risk of injury. Multiple factors, such as core muscle weakness and stride asymmetry, contribute to running injuries and loss of performance. The aim of this study was to assess how an integrated, functional core training intervention affects the components of performance (metabolic economy and speed) as well as a risk factor associated with injury (range of motion joint asymmetry). We hypothesized that economy, 5-km speed, and range of motion symmetry would increase in runners who added a 6-week integrated core-training intervention to their routine compared to a control group who simply maintained their current running routine. METHODS: Twelve, healthy adult runners participated in the study and six of these participants completed the exercise intervention. Heart rate data were collected to estimate metabolic economy while kinematic data were collected to calculate joint range of motion asymmetry. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that running asymmetry decreased by a statistically significant 60% at the ankle in the sagittal plane while economy was 3% greater on both level and incline surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, runners who completed the 6-week integrated, functional training intervention improved economy, 5-km speed, and range of motion symmetry in comparison to the runners who simply maintained their current training routine.