Spatiotemporal trends in burden of uterine cancer and its attribution to body mass index in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Uterine cancer is one of the most common female cancers worldwide, with huge heterogeneity in morbidity and mortality. Although a high body-mass index (BMI) has been linked to uterine cancer, systematic reports about the influence of high BMI and its temporal trends are scarce. METHODS: The annual morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of uterine cancer in 204 countries or territories were retrieved from the GBD 2019 study. To reflect trends in disease burden, we also calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) based on the age-standardized rates of uterine cancer from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS: The global incident cases of uterine cancer increased 2.3 times from 187,190 in 1990 to 435,040 in 2019. Although the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of uterine cancer increased worldwide from 8.67/100,000 in 1990 to 9.99/100,000 in 2019, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and DALY rate decreased during the same period. High socio-demographic index (SDI) countries tended to have a higher ASIR than developing regions, and their increasing trend in ASIR was also more pronounced. The disease was rare before 40 years old, but its risk rose sharply among women aged 50-70. A high BMI was linked to more than one-third of deaths from uterine cancer in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence in developed areas was significantly higher than in developing areas and also increased much more rapidly. Elderly females, especially those with a high BMI, have a higher risk of uterine cancer. Therefore, more health resources may be needed to curb the rising burden in specific populations.

Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss due to common eye diseases along with its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.

To map the magnitudes and temporal trends of blindness and vision loss (BVL) due to common eye diseases along with its attributable risk factors at the national, regional, and global levels. The annual burden of BVL in 204 countries and territories was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and causes composition change were calculated to quantify the temporal trends of BVL-related disease burden by sex, region, and eye disease. The global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of BVL increased from 12.44 million in 1990 to 22.56 million in 2019, with a slightly decreased rate from 3.03 to 2.78 per 1000 population (EAPC = -0.30). About 29.6% of BVL-related DALYs worldwide were caused by cataract, followed by refraction disorders (29.1%), near vision loss (21.7%), other vision loss (13.7%), glaucoma (3.3%), and age-related macular degeneration (2.5%) in 2019. The age-standardized DALYs rates due to each eye disease type in most regions were decreased, especially in countries with high burden and high-middle socio-demographic index. Moreover, the contribution of smoking and air pollution from solid fuels to BVL burden decreased, however, the age-standardized burden of BVL attributed to high body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose elevated gradually across almost all regions. The temporal trend of BVL burden due to specific eye diseases varies remarkably by region, sex and age. Understanding the real-time patterns of BVL burden is crucial for formulating more effective and targeted prevention and healthcare strategies to decrease the BVL burden.

Changing trends in the disease burden of esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2017 and its predicted level in 25 years.

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of the cases of esophageal cancer in the world were in China, but the corresponding burden in China has not been estimated for the past decades or for the near future. METHODS: Data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates owing to esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. To reflect the trend in the disease burden, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the age-standardized rates of these three outcomes in China from 1990 to 2017. RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for esophageal cancer decreased from 19.38/100,000 in 1990 to 12.23/100,000 in 2017, with an EAPC of -2.53 (95%CI: -2.90, -2.16), but the number of cases of esophageal cancer increased from 164,473 to 234,624. The age-standardized rates of esophageal cancer in females were always lower than they were in males during the study period, and there was a downward trend that was more pronounced among females than males. The most common risk factors for males were smoking and alcohol consumption, while the most common risk factors for females were a diet low in fruits and a high body mass index (BMI). New cases of, and deaths from esophageal cancer are predicted to increase by about 1.5 times in the coming 25 years. CONCLUSION: Although the age-standardized burden of esophageal cancer has been declining, the number of new cases of, and deaths from esophageal cancer have increased in China over the past 30 years, and they will continue to increase in the near future. Hence, national policies should be adopted to promote the prevention and management of known risk factors for it, especially smoking and excessive caloric intake.

Temporal trends of the lung cancer mortality attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2017: A global, regional and national analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Understanding the global trend of lung cancer deaths attributable to smoking is crucial for prioritizing global lung cancer prevention, as well as tobacco control. We assessed patterns of smoking-induced lung cancer deaths at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We extracted detailed data on lung cancer deaths attributable to smoking from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify temporal trends in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of smoking-induced lung cancer. RESULTS: In 2017, estimated 1.19 million lung cancer deaths were attributable to smoking, accounting for 63.17 % of all lung cancer deaths. The corresponding ASMR decreased by 13.36 % from 17.29/100,000 in 1990 to 14.98/100,000 in 2017, with an EAPC of -0.59 (95 % confidence interval: -0.66, -0.53). The ASMR of lung cancer in most geographic regions has significantly decreased since 1990; however, the EAPC of ASMR in 20 countries exceeded 1 during the same period. The reductions in the ASMR were pronounced in areas with high Socio-demographic Index and high disease burden, and kept pace with the decrease of smoking prevalence at least 10 years ago. CONCLUSION: Despite the decline in lung cancer ASMR attributable to smoking over the past 28 years, the corresponding number of lung cancer deaths increased steadily due to population aging and growth. Tobacco prevention needs to be strengthened, especially in countries with high smoking prevalence and countries where the ASMR of smoking-induced lung cancer is increasing.

Investigating the Dynamics of China's Green Building Policy Development from 1986 to 2019.

China has enacted numerous green building policies (GBPs) to promote green building (GB) development in the past decades. Investigating the evolution characteristics of China's GBPs is significant for the future optimization of the GBP system. However, few studies on this topic have been conducted. To bridge this research gap, this paper adopted the methods of bibliometric analysis and text mining to probe the dynamic evolution of the GBPs in China. Firstly, a total 199 collected policies from 1986 to 2019 were grouped into five stages according to the Five-Year Plan. Then, the topics emphasized in different stages and the cooperative relationships among policymaking agencies were discovered by mapping and visualizing the co-word network and co-author network. Based on the derived results, an in-depth discussion was further conducted from five aspects: targets, objects, instruments, GB performance indicators, and the collaboration structure of policymaking agencies. It was revealed that the topics of GBPs evolved from macro to specific, and the types of policy targets, objects, instruments, and GB performance indicators evolved from few to multiple. Additionally, the collaboration structure of policymaking agencies went from dispersive to centralized. This study sheds lights on the dynamic evolution of China's GBPs and provides valuable references for other countries in need.