[Dienogest usefulness in pelvic pain due to endometriosis. A meta-analysis of its effectiveness]. / Evaluación de dienogest en el tratamiento del dolor pélvico asociado a la endometriosis. Un metaanálisis de su efectividad.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is the presence of functional endometrial tissue in the pelvic peritoneum and it affects several age groups. That is why the impact of endometriosis in quality of life is considerable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dienogest in patients with pelvic pain associated to endometriosis (PPAE). METHODS: The evaluation of the effectiveness was carried out through a systematic review using the Cochrane methodology. It was used Markov model, which considers two states of health (with and without PPAE), with the possibility of weekly transition. Women between 18 and 45 years with PPAE were included, in a temporary horizon of 26 weeks. A level of statistical significance of 95% was used for a p < 0.05, with a multivariate probabilistic analysis of sensibility, as well as a univariate analysis of sensibility in several scenarios. RESULTS: The probability that the female patient did not experience PPAE with the initial treatment was 87.91% with dienogest, 80.07% with danazol, 84.93% with medroxyprogesterone (injectable and oral) and 89.17% with gosereline. The probability that the female patient abandoned her initial treatment was 9% with dienogest, 12.07% with danazol, 9.6 and 6.75% with medroxyprogesterone injectable and oral, respectively, and 10.8 and 3.6% 3-monthly and monthly with gosereline. CONCLUSION: Compared to danazol, medroxiprogesterone and gosereline, dienogest is the most efficient alternative to treat PPAE.

Introducción: La endometriosis es la presencia de tejido endometrial funcional en el peritoneo pélvico y afecta a varios grupos de edad, por lo que su impacto en la calidad de vida es considerable. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad del dienogest en pacientes con dolor pélvico asociado a endometriosis (DPAE), al compararlo con danazol, medroxiprogesterona y goserelina. Métodos: se hizo una revisión sistemática de la literatura con la metodología Cochrane. Se usó el modelo de Markov, que considera dos estados de salud: con y sin DPAE, con posibilidad de transición semanal. Se consideraron mujeres entre 18 y 45 años con DPAE, en un horizonte de 26 semanas; se utilizó un nivel de significación estadística de 95% (p < 0.05), con un análisis probabilístico multivariante de sensibilidad y uno univariante de sensibilidad en varios escenarios. Resultados: la probabilidad de que la mujer se encontrara sin DPAE con el tratamiento inicial fue de 87.91% para dienogest, 80.07% para danazol, 84.93% para medroxiprogesterona inyectable y oral y 89.17% para goserelina; la probabilidad de que la mujer abandonara su tratamiento inicial fue de 9% para dienogest, 12.07% para danazol, 9.6 y 6.75% para medroxiprogesterona inyectable y oral, respectivamente, y 10.8 y 3.6% para goserelina trimestral y mensual, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Comparado con el danazol, la medroxiprogesterona y la goserelina, el dienogest es la alternativa más eficiente para el DPAE.

[Rapid Response obstetrics Team at Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social,enabling factors]. / Equipo de Respuesta Inmediata obstétrico en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, factores facilitadores.

BACKGROUND: There are barriers and enablers for the implementation of Rapid Response Teams in obstetric hospitals. The enabling factors were determined at Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, retrospective study was conducted by analysing the emergency obstetric reports sent by mobile technology and e-mail to the Medical Care Unit of the IMSS in 2013. Frequency and mean was obtained using the Excel 2010 program for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 164,250 emergency obstetric cases were reported, and there was a mean of 425 messages per day, of which 32.2% were true obstetric emergencies and required the Rapid Response team. By e-mail, there were 73,452 life threatening cases (a mean of 6 cases per day). A monthly simulation was performed in hospitals (480 in total). Enabling factors were messagés synchronisation among the participating personnel,the accurate record of the obstetrics, as well as the simulations performed by the operational staff. The most common emergency was pre-eclampsia-eclampsia with 3,351 reports, followed by obstetric haemorrhage with 2,982 cases. DISCUSSION: The enabling factors for the implementation of a rapid response team at IMSS were properly timed communication between the central delegation teams, as they allowed faster medical and administrative management and participation of hospital medical teams in the process. CONCLUSION: Mobile technology has increased the speed of medical and administrative management in emergency obstetric care. However, comparative studies are needed to determine the statistical significance.

[Consensus conference of the Mexican Association for the Study of Climateric on veralipride prescription for patients with vasomotor symptoms]. / Consenso de la Asociación Mexicana para el Estudio del Climaterio para la indicación de veraliprida a pacientes con síntomas vasomotores.

Vasomotor symptoms are one of the main reasons for climateric women to consult a physician. Hormone therapy is the first treatment choice, but it is not indicated to all patients. Veralipride is an option for those who cannot or will not try hormone treatment. The Mexican Association for the Study of Climateric (AMEC) assembled an interdisciplinary group of medical experts so that they revised the medical literature on the subject and reached a consensus on veralipride indication, doses, counterindications and safety. The recommendations of the consensus conference on veralipride are: (1) Physicians must be familiar with its indication, side effects, pharmacokinetics and dosage. (2) Patients must be informed on other therapeutical options. (3) Patients' mental and neurological state must be evaluated, in particular to identify movement disorders, extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor or dystonia), anxiety and depression that can be mistaken for climateric symptoms. (4) Any adverse effect associated with the drug must be reported. (5) A random multicenter trial must be carried out in order to identify the frequency and severity of side effects, and (6) Written information on possible health risks when using the drug must be provided.

[Assessment of the treatment with imiquimod in persistent infection by human papillomavirus with the polimerase chain reaction method]. / Evaluación del tratamiento con imiquimod en infección persistente por el virus del papiloma humano con el método de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.

BACKGROUND: Molecular studies have shown that oncogenic genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the main risk factor for cervical cancer development. Sub-clinical wound does not cause symptoms and is diagnosed by colposcopy or histology, in addition the latent infection is associated with the presence of DNA of the HPV, but when clinical and histological abnormalities are not presented only molecular techniques can detect this infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine if complementary processing with imiquimod, recent medicament with powerful antiviral activity in vitro as in vivo, reduces the cervical persistence of HPV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was carried out with 87 patients, who had antecedents of HPV cervical and intraepithelial wound with low degree. Patients were divided as follows: treated with cryotherapy, cervical loop electrosurgical and imiquimod, all with diagnosis by cervical cytology, colposcopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV. At 3, 6 and 12 months after the processing, PCR, cervical cytology and colposcopy control were carried out again. RESULTS: Out of the 87 patients studied, 11% (10) patients treated with cervical cytology were positive for VPH; with colposcopy 8% (7) of patients and with PCR 40% (34) of patients; decreased persistence with combined methods of loop and imiquimod was obtained in 29% (5) patients; however, when utilized imiquimod alone, there were 55% (11) patients with persistence determined by PCR method. DISCUSSION: Imiquimod appears to be beneficial in 45% of the patients, in contrast with efficacy reported until 85% in genitals and annals warts, in addition, the capacity of eliminating the viruses has been shown, therefore it is possible that its potential effect could be observed long-time. It is evident that the percentages of viral detection are improved for PCR method, compared with indirect methods as cervical cytology and colposcopy, which is favorable when virus serotypes are of high degree of transformation and ablative methods should be conservatives due to fertility motives.

[Therapeutic assessment of emergency cerclage. Analysis of a cases series]. / Evaluación terapéutica del cerclaje de urgencia. Análisis de una serie de casos.

BACKGROUND: Cervical incompetence is the incapacity of cervix to retain a pregnancy until term or until feasibility of the fetus. Patients present cervical enlargement without pain or contractions, vaginal strange sensation and membranes protrusion through most minimum degrees of enlargement. The cervical incompetence management can be rest in bed or cerclage. The emergency cerclage is carried out in patients with enlargement > or = 2cm with or without membranes prolapsus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maternal and neonatal results of emergency cerclage with Espinosa-Flores modified technique in pregnancy from 13 to 28 weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This series of cases was carried out as observational and prospective study, all patients with emergency cerclage and pregnancy from 13 to 28 weeks with cervical incompetence were included, during period of January 2000 to December 2003, in Gynecology and Obstetric Hospital from Medical Center La Raza, IMSS. Variables of study were gestational age at moment of cerclage, pregnancy prolongation, and maternal and neonatal complications. RESULTS: Ten patients were included, with age of 32.1 +/- 5.1 years. It was observed a mean prolongation of pregnancy 10 weeks after cerclage. The gestation was interrupted at 31.1 +/- 5.2 weeks. The most frequently complication was premature membranes rupture. Neonatal survival was 70%. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of emergency cerclage continuous being a therapeutic procedure to improve neonatal prognostic. The shortest prolongations of pregnancy were found in patients with greater enlargement (> or = 3cm) and who had membranes protrusion.

[Maternal and fetal morbidity in patients with premature rupture of the membrane after 27-week gestation. Causes and costs]. / Condiciones atribuibles y costos de la morbilidad materno-fetal en pacientes con ruptura prematura de membranas después de las 27 semanas de gestación.

Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) occurs in a third of the childbirths preterm, this represents 8% of all pregnancies, with same morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries, PROM is the more common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, making this obstetric complication a worldwide problem of health, since it contributes to the economic problem for the cost risen in medical attention for both, mothers and live birth. PROM is considered a mutifactorial entity. This study was carried out in the Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia of the Centro Médico "La Raza" in Mexico City, where women entered in serial form with pregnancies from 27 to 34 weeks of gestation and spontaneous PROM, without any other pathology. 120 patients were included, with 26.8 +/- 5.9 year-old age. The gestational age with more frequency of PROM were from 30 to 33 weeks, 22.5% of the patients had 4 days with PROM, 6 of this cases arrived up to 13 days with this complication at delivery. 2.5% of the patients presented deciduitis, with adequated response to the use of antibiotics. When analyzing the hospital stay, a stay was observed from 4 to 7 days (5.26 +/- 1.96 M +/- SD), with a total cost for maternal stay of 2 millions 445,650 pesos. Those babies born had an average of 23 days of hospital stay and the total cot of the days of stay was 4 millions 963,978 pesos. Other costs were the attention of maternal and pediatrics specialty, the obstetric resolution of the pregnancy, obstetric ultrasonography and crystallographies. Thus, the total costs of the attention of this complication in these patients with PROM was of 10 millions 296,988 pesos. The international reference is the American dollar that was in 10 pesos for dollar to the moment of this study. The maternal morbidity is low to that described in previous studies, but in spite of the exhaustive efforts on the prevention, prediction, diagnosis and treatment, the premature rate due to PROM has not diminished, however the rate of neonatal survival has been increased and the morbidity has diminished.