RESUMO
Fundamento padecer diabetes puede influenciar la percepción del propio individuo y cambiar su rutina diaria, afectando así su calidad de vida; partiendo de ello, la profundización en el tema reviste gran importancia Objetivo determinar la relación entre calidad de vida, edad e ingreso económico en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en 33 adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, en la comunidad de las Mariposas (Chillán, Chile), en el año 2019. Para el análisis de la calidad de vida fue aplicado el instrumento Diabetes 39. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Rho de Spearman. Resultados existió predominio del sexo femenino, así como de personas casadas. La edad tuvo un valor medio de 71,45 años. Con respecto al ingreso económico, un 66,7 % de los participantes refirió imposibilidad para costear los gastos del mes. Entre las dimensiones de la calidad de vida analizadas, las más afectadas fueron: severidad de la diabetes (media de 55,05), energía/movilidad (media de 44,1), y calidad de vida (media de 43,9). La edad y el ingreso económico no mostraron una correlación significativa con ninguna de las dimensiones estudiadas. Conclusiones la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se ve afectada, sin que exista una relación significativa con la edad e ingresos económicos.
Background suffering from diabetes can influence the perception of the individual himself and change his daily routine, thus affecting his quality of life; Based on this, the deepening of the subject is of great importance Objective to determine the relationship between quality of life, age and income in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 33 older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in the Las Mariposas community (Chillán, Chile), in 2019. The Diabetes 39 instrument was applied for quality of life analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman's Rho statistical tests were used. Results the female sex was the predominant, as well as married people. Age had a mean value of 71.45 years. In the economic income, 66.7% of the participants reported the impossibility of paying the expenses of the month. Among the life's quality dimensions analyzed, the most affected were: diabetes severity (mean 55.05), energy/mobility (mean 44.1), and quality of life (mean 43.9). Age and income did not show a significant correlation with any of the dimensions studied. Conclusions the older adults' quality of life with type 2 diabetes mellitus is affected, without a significant relationship with age and economic income.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asthma disproportionately affects African American/Black (AA/B) and Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) patients and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES), but the relationship between SES and asthma morbidity within these racial/ethnic groups is inadequately understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between SES and asthma morbidity among AA/B and H/L adults with moderate to severe asthma using multidomain SES frameworks and mediation analyses. METHODS: We analyzed enrollment data from the PeRson EmPowered Asthma RElief randomized trial, evaluating inhaled corticosteroid supplementation to rescue therapy. We tested for direct and indirect relationships between SES and asthma morbidity using structural equation models. For SES, we used a latent variable defined by poverty, education, and unemployment. For asthma morbidity, we used self-reported asthma exacerbations in the year before enrollment (corticosteroid bursts, emergency room/urgent care visits, or hospitalizations), and Asthma Control Test scores. We tested for mediation via health literacy, perceived stress, and self-reported discrimination. All models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, and comorbidities. RESULTS: Among 990 AA/B and H/L adults, low SES (latent variable) was directly associated with hospitalizations (ß = 0.24) and worse Asthma Control Test scores (ß = 0.20). Stress partially mediated the relationship between SES and increased emergency room/urgent care visits and worse asthma control (ß = 0.03 and = 0.05, respectively). Individual SES domains were directly associated with asthma morbidity. Stress mediated indirect associations between low educational attainment and unemployment with worse asthma control (ß = 0.05 and = 0.06, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Lower SES is directly, and indirectly through stress, associated with asthma morbidity among AA/B and H/L adults. Identification of stressors and relevant management strategies may lessen asthma-related morbidity among these populations.
Assuntos
Asma , Classe Social , Corticosteroides , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/epidemiologia , Humanos , MorbidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Chilean population has inadequate lifestyles and high prevalence of chronic diseases. AIM: To analyze eating behaviors, nutritional status and history of previous diseases, in students of higher education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in students of 54 higher education centers across the country. They answered a survey about dietary habits, physical activity, smoking, previous diseases and opinion of their nutritional condition. Weight and height were measured under standardized conditions and nutritional status classified according to body mass index. RESULTS: We studied 6,823 students aged 17 to 29 years. Forty seven percent did not have breakfast and 35% did not have lunch every day. A low proportion had a daily consumption of vegetables (51.2%), fruits (39.4%) and dairy products (57.5%). There was a high frequency of soft drinks, chips, cakes and sweets consumption. Seventy six percent were sedentary, 40.3% smokers and 27.4% overweight or obese. The latter had a significantly higher frequency of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. There was a poor agreement between actual nutritional status and self-perception, especially in males (Kappa index 0.38). Recipients of a food scholarship provided by the Ministry of Education ate lunch usually with a higher frequency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of inadequate eating and physical activity patterns in these young subjects with good educational level was observed. The food scholarship has some positive effects, although differences in socioeconomic levels limited comparisons.