Nanosecond anomaly detection with decision trees and real-time application to exotic Higgs decays.

We present an interpretable implementation of the autoencoding algorithm, used as an anomaly detector, built with a forest of deep decision trees on FPGA, field programmable gate arrays. Scenarios at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN are considered, for which the autoencoder is trained using known physical processes of the Standard Model. The design is then deployed in real-time trigger systems for anomaly detection of unknown physical processes, such as the detection of rare exotic decays of the Higgs boson. The inference is made with a latency value of 30 ns at percent-level resource usage using the Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ VU9P FPGA. Our method offers anomaly detection at low latency values for edge AI users with resource constraints.

Development of a Spatial Decision Support System for Real-Time Flood Early Warning in the Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam.

Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin is an area where flash flood and heavy flood events occur frequently, negatively impacting the local community and socio-economic development of Quang Nam Province. In recent years, structural and non-structural solutions have been implemented to mitigate damages due to floods. However, under the impact of climate change, natural disasters continue to happen unpredictably day by day. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a spatial decision support system for real-time flood warnings in the VGTB river basin, which will support in ensuring the area's socio-economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop an online flood warning system in real-time based on Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, GIS, telecommunications, and modeling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS)) in order to support the local community in the vulnerable downstream areas in the event of heavy rainfall upstream. The structure of the designed system consists of these following components: (1) real-time hydro-meteorological monitoring network, (2) IoT communication infrastructure (Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), wireless networks), (3) database management system (bio-physical, socio-economic, hydro-meteorological, and inundation), (4) simulating and predicting model (SWAT, HEC-RAS), (5) automated simulating and predicting module, (6) flood warning module via short message service (SMS), (7) WebGIS, application for providing and managing hydro-meteorological and inundation data, and (8) users (citizens and government officers). The entire operating processes of the flood warning system (i.e., hydro-meteorological data collecting, transferring, updating, processing, running SWAT and HEC-RAS, visualizing) are automated. A complete flood warning system for the VGTB river basin has been developed as an outcome of this study, which enables the prediction of flood events 5 h in advance and with high accuracy of 80%.

Perfusion weighted imaging in the assessment of the pathology and outcomes of lateral medullary infarction.

This series case report aimed to elucidate the underlying pathology and outcomes of lateral medullary infarction (LMI) using perfusion weighted imaging (PWI). Four patients were diagnosed with LMI based on high-field diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-DWI) and PWI. The national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores were recorded on days 1, 7, and 30, and the Barthel index was assessed on days 7 and 30. Three patients exhibited relative regional hypoperfusion of medullary lesion in the perfusion maps. Two cases exhibited ipsilateral hypoperfusion in the inferior cerebellum, whereas one patient exhibited a relatively regional hyperperfusion in the medulla oblongata. The LMI patients with a high NIHSS score and low Barthel index on days 7 and 30 exhibited regional hypoperfusion. This report of 4 LMI cases provides preliminary evidence that regional hypoperfusion may contribute to worse outcomes in LMI.

Changes in adiposity indicators of Ho Chi Minh City adolescents in a 5-year prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine changes over 5 years in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) of adolescents from Ho Chi Minh City by age, gender and household economic status. METHODS: Anthropometry including height, weight and WC measurements of 759 secondary high school students were collected 1-year apart in a prospective cohort study, between 2004 and 2009. BMI was calculated and overweight/obesity was defined using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cutoffs. Abdominal 'overweight' and 'obesity' were defined as WC >91st-97th and 98th centile, respectively. BMI z-scores were also created. RESULTS: Over the 5-year period, the absolute changes in mean BMI and WC were statistically significant (P<0.001). Boys had higher BMI and WC values than girls (P<0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity defined by IOTF BMI cutoff values increased gradually from 12.5% and 1.7% in the first year to 16.7% and 5.1% in the last year. Using WC cutoff values, the prevalence of abdominal overweight and obesity increased from 12.9% and 1.8% to 18.5% and 6.6%, respectively. BMI z-score curves shifted towards the right-hand side of the distribution (that is, towards overweight and obesity). CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity, as measured by BMI or WC, continued to increase among adolescents of Ho Chi Minh City over the 5-year period.

A survey of ciguatera: assessment of Puako, Hawaii, associated with ciguatera toxin epidemics in humans.

A survey for the assessment of the ciguatera problem has been determined in Puako, South Kohala, on the Island of Hawaii. This is in the area of persistent ciguateric outbreaks during the months of January through March, caused by a specific species of fish (Cheilinus rhodochrous, red rose wrasse, or po'ou). Analyses of algae, Gambierdiscus toxicus, and various species of fish, including herbivores and carnivores, gave positive indications of Puako as a potential ciguateric area. Algae associated with Gambierdiscus toxicus blooms and the dinoflagellate itself were found in transects A and D. Transects A and D showed 291 G. toxicus per gram of Tolycarpidia glomurata and 9 G. toxicus per gram of Turbinaria sp. with epiphytic Jania sp., respectively. No G. toxicus was found in transects B and C. This may be attributed to the low salinity from intrusion of freshwater in this vicinity. Examinations of the fish, kole, manini, Hawaiian kole, roi, and po'ou by the solid-phase immunoassay showed 89% of fish in the borderline and positive categories from all transects. Extracts of viscera and flesh showed high levels of toxicity in mouse (13 of 23 deaths), particularly in the viscera (gut) of both herbivores and carnivores. The guinea pig atrial analysis generally showed a few ciguatoxin-like, but most were nonciguateric type responses. The data presented in this Puako survey showed evidence of toxic fish associated with ciguatoxin-like and most probably other toxins, either polyethers or non-polyethers as yet unidentified.