Global, regional and national burdens of Nasopharynx cancer in the adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions.

PURPOSE: To use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to report the global, regional and national rates and trends of deaths incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for Nasopharynx cancer (NPC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). METHODS: Data from the GBD 2019 were used to analyze deaths incidence, prevalence and DALYs due to NPC at global, regional, and national levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage changes (AAPC). The association between incidence, prevalence and DALYs and socioeconomic development was analyzed using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Finally, projections were made until 2030 and calculated in Nordpred. RESULTS: The incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs rates (95%UI) due to NPC 0.96 (0.85-1.09, 6.31 (5.54-7.20),0.20 (0.19-0.22), and 12.23(11.27-13.29) in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence rates increased by 1.79 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.55) and 2.97(95% CI 2.13 to 3.82) respectively while the deaths and DALYs rates declined by 1.64(95%CI 1.78 to 1.49) and 1.6(95%CI 1.75 to 1.4) respectively. Deaths and DALYs rates in South Asia, East Asia, North Africa and Middle East decreased with SDI. Incidence and prevalence rates in East Asia increased with SDI. At the national level, the incidence and prevalence rates are high in China, Taiwan(China), Singapore, Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Malta. Meanwhile, the deaths and DALYs rates are still high in Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Greenland and Taiwan(Province of China). The deaths and DALYs rates are low in Honduras, Finland and Norway. From the 2020 to 2030, ASIR、ASPR and ASDR in most regions are predicted to stable, but DALYs tends to decline. CONCLUSION: NPC in AYAs is a significant global public problem. The incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates vary widely by region and country. Therefore different regions and countries should be targeted to improve the disease burden of NPC.

Assessment of the Driving Pollution Factors of Soil Environmental Quality Based on China's Risk Control Standard: Multiple Bigdata-Based Approaches with Intensive Sampling.

Identifying the driving factors of soil environmental quality is critical in raising countermeasures for managing the soil environment efficiently and precisely. In 2018, China issued risk control standards to divide soil environmental quality into three classes to meet the demands of environment management. However, there is a lack of knowledge of this new standard. An intensive field-sampling research (2598 top-soil samples were analyzed) was conducted in the agricultural land of Hubei province, central China, to find the driving factors of pollutants based on this new standard. According to the standard, the proportion of classes 1, 2, and 3 in the overall quality grade was 57.3%, 41.7%, and 1%, respectively. The standardized index showed that the pollution levels of cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium were higher than that of mercury. The first component of the principal component analysis explained 56.4% of the total variance, and the loading of cadmium, arsenic and lead were -53.5%, -52.1%, and -51.2%, respectively. The general linear modeling found that cadmium and arsenic showed positive and significant effects (p < 0.001) on the grading results of soil environmental quality. Based on the random forest algorithm, cadmium showed the greatest importance on soil environmental quality (increase in mean squared error = 32.5%). Overall, this study revealed that cadmium, arsenic, and lead were driving pollutants affecting soil environment quality grade. The large data size increased the reliability and robustness of the study's conclusions, and it provided reference methods for future studies investigating China's new standard for assessing soil environmental quality.