RESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar a una muestra de mujeres parturientas de Mendoza (Argentina), atendiendo a variables personales y contextuales. Materiales y métodos: estudio con enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental-transversal y alcance descriptivo.Muestra no probabilística-intencional, conformada por 73 mujeres que fueron entrevistadas 48 horas después de que habían dado a luz en un hospital público de la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una escala de factores demográficos y socioeconómicos y un formulario de datos médicos. De ellos se obtuvieron diferentes estadísticos descriptivos. Resultados: se registraron embarazos adolescentes, consumo moderado de alcohol y tabaco durante la gestación,niveles de educación predominantemente bajos, gran índice de desempleo suplidos, en algunos casos, por ayudas económicas gubernamentales y un predominio de la estructura familiar tradicional. El porcentaje de partos por cesárea fue menor al 30% y los valores de edad gestacional, peso, talla, pulso, perímetro cefálico y puntaje Apgar de los recién nacidos resultaron esperables. Conclusiones: a partir de los resultados encontrados se visibiliza la necesidad de implementar acciones políticas que permitan garantizar los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres usuarias del sistema público de salud durante su embarazo, parto y puerperio. Se considera relevante trabajar sobre la prevención del embarazo adolescente, un mayor y mejor registro en las historias clínicas y el mejoramiento de las condiciones edilicias. A su vez, se alienta a continuar con las prácticas actuales que han permitido disminuir la tasa de mortalidad materna y neonatal..(AU)
Objective: characterize a sample of parturient women from Mendoza (Argentina), attending to personal and contextual variables. Materials and methods: it was used a quantitative approach with no experimental-transversal design and descriptive scope. Non-probabilistic-intentional sample, consisting of 73 women who were interviewed 48 hours after they had given birth in a public hospital in the City of Mendoza. The data was collected through a scale of demographic and socioeconomic factors and a medical data form. Different descriptive statistics were obtained. Results: there were some adolescent pregnancies, moderate consumption of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy, predominantly low education levels, high unemployment rate, in some cases, supplemented by government financial aid and a predominance of the traditional family structure. The percentage of cesarean deliveries was less than 30% and gestational age, weight, height, pulse, head circumference and Apgar score of newborns were expected. Conclusions: actions and policies are required to guarantee the reproductive rights of women who use the public health system during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. It is also considered essential to work on the prevention of adolescent pregnancy, a greater and better record in the medical books and the improvement of building conditions. At the same time, it is encouraged to continue with the current practices that have boosted to reduce the maternal and neonatal mortality rate..(AU)
Assuntos
Gravidez , Trabalho de Parto , Saúde Pública , Assistência PerinatalRESUMO
En el ámbito educativo, las conductas problemas y los desórdenes atencionales son factores de riesgo que afectan el rendimiento académico y social del niño. La importancia del desarrollo de los procesos de aprendizaje genera la necesidad de evaluar las habilidades atencionales de los niños en el ámbito educativo con instrumentos válidos, confiables y adaptados a la población escolar. Desde la Neuropsicología del Desarrollo se proponen nuevos indicadores para la evaluación atencional a través del Test CARAS denominados: eficiencia atencional y rendimiento atencional. Esta prueba es utilizada para evaluar la atención focalizada y sostenida y la aptitud para percibir, rápida y correctamente, semejanzas, diferencias y patrones estimulantes parcialmente ordenados. Las expresiones matemáticas derivadas de los indicadores propuestos surgen de la revisión cronológica de los avances producidos en este instrumento de evaluación y la necesidad de conocer con mayor precisión las capacidades de los sujetos evaluados. Los indicadores propuestos han evidenciado en la prueba piloto con 48 sujetos una mayor representatividad de las habilidades atencionales y sus fluctuaciones, a partir del estudio de éstas en diferentes tiempos de evaluación. El trabajo que se informa permite introducir el término desempeño atencional como resultante de integrar los conceptos de eficacia atencional (EA), eficiencia atencional (FA) y rendimiento atencional (RA) en tareas de búsqueda visual. Con este tipo de estudio se pretende brindar una modalidad de análisis que contemple los diferentes aspectos que intervienen en tareas de búsqueda visual utilizadas para evaluar el desempeño atencional.
In the educational field the behavior problems and attentional disorders are risk factors, which affect the academic performance of the child. In the teaching-learning process, a child uses different forms of attention. In one task, the child selects relevant information and inhibits the others. Perhaps, should divide his attention and switch his focus of attention between two or more sources of information, holding -intentionally- these activities for a specified time. The importance of the development of learning processes requires the evaluation of the children's attentional abilities in the educational field as valid and reliable instruments adapted to the school population. This work, focused from the Development Neuropsychology approach, proposes two new indices called attentional efficiency and attentional yield for the evaluation of attention through the Perception of Differences Test - CARAS. As a main feature, the CARAS, has 60 blocks stimuli each composed of three schematic drawings of faces (with elementary strokes representing the mouth, eyes, eyebrows and hair), one of which is different. The task is to determine the different side and cross it off. These proposed indicators arise with new modes of administration of the Test CARAS and the need for greater accuracy in evaluating attentional. Attentional efficiency is defined (AF) as the cognitive ability to regulate and optimize the attentional mechanism to select and maintain attention for an extended period of time, using minimal resources of time available. Moreover, attentional yield (AY) is the product resulting from the level of effectiveness and efficiency obtained in selection and sustained attentional task. Mathematical expressions derived from the proposed indicators, arising from the chronological review of developments since the original technique to methods and scores currently used today. We believe that the progress made in this work have enriched the analysis in the evaluation of attention and use of the CARAS Test. Although, attentional efficiency, produced advances in the interpretation of the results, new developments in the application of the test methods, that is, analyzing the execution after 3 minutes, have proposed new challenges. Currently with these contributions not only have the chance to meet attentional efficacy (AE) in a period of focused attention mainly, but also its attentional efficiency (AF) and attentional yield (AY) in periods of sustained attention (after three minutes until completion of the task). The proposed indicators have been evident in the pilot test with 48 children greater representation of attentional skills and fluctuations, from the study of different evaluation times. The pilot test was conducted in the institution primary school, located in the city of Mendoza (Argentina). This paper presents the limitation of being a pilot study on a small sample of students. However, it served to apply in real cases the proposed concepts. These results come from children in urban public schools so the interpretation of the results must be contextualized. It must also recognize the importance of further assessments for adequate attentional diagnosis. Currently being developed complementary to regional scale attentional efficacy (AE) with attentional efficiency indicators (AF) and attentional yield (AY) from a random sample of 5000 students in first through seventh grade belonging to marginal - urban and urban primary schools state of Mendoza. This work allows introducing the term attentional performance as the result of integrating the concepts of attentional efficiency (AE), attentional efficiency (AF) and attentional yield (AY) in visual search tasks. With this type of study is to provide a form of analysis, which considers the different aspects involved in visual search tasks used to assess attentional performance.