[Comparative Clinical Biochemical Assessment of the State of Myocardium After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Performed Using Various Techniques].

We compared parameters of the state of myocardium after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) performed according to the following techniques - with complete cardiopulmonary bypass (CABS-CBP), beating heart bypass grafting with parallel normothermic perfusion (CABS-BH-NP), and beating heart bypass grafting (CABS-BH). Patients (n=100, 86% men, 14% women, age 56-69 years) were divided into 3 groups with comparable sex, age, state of the myocardium, and EUROSCORE surgical risk. In group 1 patients (n=35) we used CABS-CHB, in group 2 (n=32) - CABS-BH-NP, in group 3 (n=33) - CABS-BH. The following parameters were obtained on day 1 after surgery: left ventricular ejection fraction (EF, echocardiography), blood plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-MB, and cardiac troponin I (TnI). There was no significant difference in parameters studied between groups 1 and 2 with a tendency to their more pronounced positive dynamics in group 2. In group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 we observed significant lowering of levels of CPK (by 21.2-30.9%, p<0.05), CPK-MB (by 9.1-13.1%, p<0.05), TnI (by 0.6-0.7%, p<0.05), and elevation of EF (by 9.8-11.6%, p<0.05). Rate of development of myocardial infarction in group 3 (6.8%) was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (14.2 and 9.8%, respectively). In all groups we observed close correlation between biochemical parameters and left ventricular EF (r=0.74-0.82, p<0.01).

[hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the concept for the improvement the water supply of population in the south-east region of the Republic of Tatarstan].

In the paper there is presented the hygienic evaluation of the implementation of the program aimed at the improvement of the water supply of the population in the oil-producing regions of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the implementation of measures it managed to improve the quality of drinking water in terms of chemical harmlessness and to reduce the risk to public health. Currently following factors as quality of the water from water sources, the mismatch of sanitary protection zone to requirements of sanitary legislation and the failure of regime measures in its territory, water quality deterioration during transportation and the inadequacies in the laboratory control were shown to make the highest contribution to the disadvantage of centralized drinking water systems.

[Evaluating efficiency of influenza vaccinal prevention among oil and gas industry workers].

Explore information about the incidence of employees of enterprises of the oil and gas industry with the influenza (SARS). The degree of influence of vaccination on the incidence of influenza, the number and structure of complications as a result of vaccination and their impact on efficiency. Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of vaccination.

[Assessment of the health status of a population living in the catchment area of the Kuibyshev water reservoir].

An analysis of trends in primary morbidity in the regions belonging to the catchment area of the Kuibyshev water reservoir within the Republic of Tatarstan has shown its rise in the examined classes of diseases. There is the highest increase in morbidity in the areas located in the river basins of Kama, Sviyaga, Kazanka, Mesha, which are the main tributaries of the Kuibyshev water reservoir in the Republic of Tatarstan. The cumulative hazard index in the assessment of a noncancer risk to the health of the population consuming the portable water and fish from the Kuibyshev reservoir is 0.34, which suggests that there is no serious hazard to human health. With oral intake of lead and cadmium, the cancer risk corresponds to the maximum acceptable value.

Economical technology of creation of cell-free matrix of animal and human arterial vessels.

We present a technology of creation of blood vessel connective tissue framework by 2-3-h vessel perfusion with detergents. The technology ensures effective removal of vascular cells without damaging collagen and elastic fibers. The connective tissue frameworks prepared by this method can the used for restoring blood flow in various vascular pathologies. The presented approach attenuates the damaging effect of treatment on the vascular framework due to maximum simplification and shortening of the duration of treatment and is universal for human and animal vessels.

[Hygienic assessment of soil pollution on the territory of oil-producing regions in the Republic of Tatarstan].

The paper provides the hygienic characteristics of soil resources on the territory of oil-producing regions in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). Soil pollution with heavy metals and oil was evaluated. Oil at the detectable concentrations was shown to cause changes in the physiochemical properties of soil, to impair its self-purification, to increase the resistance of soil pollutants, thus deteriorating the ecological-and-hygienic state of soil as a whole. The soils on the territory of oil-producing regions in RT were observed to be characterized by the low levels and poor ratio of essential trace elements, such as copper, zinc, and chromium. Significant soil manganese concentrations, the presence of arsenic and lead may be considered as factors aggravating the problem associated with deficiency of essential trace elements in the body and with the generation of endocrine biopathotype.

[The characteristics of medical demographic conditions on the territories of the petroleum producing areas of the Republic of Tatarstan].

The dynamics of medical demographic indicators from 1996 to 2005 on the territory of 12 administrative petroleum producing administrative areas of the Republic of Tatarstan was analyzed and examined. Factually, in all the petroleum producing areas the decrease in the birth rate indicators was registered. On average, the rate of decrease on the investigated territory consisted 18%. The lower birth rate indicators against the background of the higher levels of mortality are the cause of unnatural decrease of population. The analysis of the overall coefficient of mortality revealed that during the last decade the adverse tendency towards increase of this indicator is established. In the structure of the causes of population mortality on the petroleum producing areas the leading positions belong to the diseases of circulatory system, traumas and intoxications, neoplasms. The study revealed that in the development of the long-term characteristics of the medical demographic indicators of the population living in the petroleum producing areas of the Republic of Tatarstan the age structure, the social economic situation, the population's quality of life and the condition of the components of ecologic system play a substantial part.

[Use of indicators for comprehensive assessment of life quality].

The paper presents a procedure for quantitative sociomedical and hygienic assessment of the quality of life. Several combinations of factors that have the greatest influence on the quality of life and human health: medicodemographic indices; the prevalence and incidence rates of all classes of diseases in different age population groups; health care quality; socioeconomic conditions; natural, climatic, and sanitary conditions; quality of the population's nutrition; sociological assessment of living conditions. Based on the performed study, the indicators were estimated by each combination of factors. The quantitative determination of the integrated index of life quality may be used to assess the socioeconomic position, the health status of the population in some administrative districts and regions over time.

[Retroviral reporter systems for the assessment of activity of stress-induced signal transduction pathways controlled by p53, HIF-1 and HSF-1 transcription factors].

Tumor suppressor p53, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and heat-shock factor 1 (HSF-1) are involved as the key transcription factors in cellular response to stress, induced by genetic material damage, hypoxia and heat shock respectively. The protein factors listed above also play an integral part in tumor development and progression. Thus, modulation of their activity may be important for treatment of cancer. In our work we obtained the reporter constructs for quantitative assessment of p53, HIF-1 and HSF-1 transcriptional activity on the basis of retro- and lentiviruses, allowing to obtain reporter cell lines almost out of any cell type. Induction of beta-galactosidase reporter gene expression, reflecting the activity of p53 and HIF-1 factors, depends on dose of treatment and also correlates with the induction of the endogenous target genes expression. The observed effect of activating treatments completely disappeared when the expression of p53 and HIF-1 genes was inhibited with specific siRNAs. The obtained reporter constructs may find the application in the screening of chemical and genetic (such as siRNA- and cDNA-libraries) modulators of transcriptional activity along with the investigation of components of signal transduction pathways modulating the transcriptional activity of those factors.

[Assessment of human health risk factors in the city of Nizhnekamsk]. / Otsenka faktorov riska zdorov'iu naseleniia goroda Nizhnekamska.

Nizhnekamsk is marked not only high by levels of ambient air pollution, but also by the deteriorated qualitative composition of portable water. The present paper gives the results of assessment of the mutagenic activity of tap water. A test system of biological evaluation of portable water is proposed.

[Construction of a reporter system for fine quantitative assessment of activity of p53 protein in cultured cells]. / Razrabotka reporternoi sistemy dlia tonkoi kolichestvenoi otsenki aktivnosti belka p53 v kul'turakh kletok.

Since transcriptional activation of genes downregulating cell proliferation mediates the tumor suppressor activity of p53, induction of p53 targets was assumed to adequately reflect the state of p53-dependent pathways. To estimate the p53 activity in cultured cells, self-inactivating retrovirus constructs pSIP-ConA-GFP and pSIP-ConA-LacZ were obtained to express the GFP or beta-galactosidase reporter gene under the control of a promoter containing p53-responsive elements. The advantages of these constructs were efficient delivery, comparable expression in different cells of a culture, and, consequently, the possibility of quantitating the p53 activity induced by various agents. With pSIP-ConA-LacZ, p53 activation in response to 12 chemotherapeutic agents was analyzed in human carcinoma cell line HCT116 and its derivatives HCT116/mdm2 and HCT116ARF, which expressed genes affecting the p53 activity. The analysis was also carried out with human cell lines HEF, WI-38, U2OS, and HT1080 originating from connective tissue. The construct proved suitable for detecting fine differences in p53 activation induced by various stress factors. The constructs were proposed for generating reporter cell lines from various cultures in order to identify the genetic or chemical factors that modulate the p53 activity and may be employed in new antitumor drugs.