A low-dose radioisotope procedure for assessment of subcutaneous drug delivery systems used for slow intrathecal infusion of antispasmodic agents.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective single centre study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a low-dose radioisotope imaging procedure for assessment of implanted intrathecal drug delivery and to compare the radiation dose and diagnostic value of these studies with other reported studies using higher administered radiation dose. SETTING: National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, UK. METHOD: A total of 11 spinally injured patients with subcutaneous drug delivery systems and uncontrolled spasm were investigated for catheter failure using a low-dose radioisotope procedure with an administered dose of radioactivity of 40 MBq Technetium-99m. RESULTS: Loss of catheter patency was demonstrated in six patients, enabling identification of the site of blockage. Catheter patency and subsequent perfusion of CSF (ie normal result) was demonstrated in five patients. Radiation effective dose was estimated at 1.3 mSv per patient study, with a low associated risk of deleterious effect of one in 13,000. CONCLUSION: Radioisotope investigation using a reduced administered dose of 40 MBq Technetium-99m DTPA, formulated according to a strict radiopharmaceutical protocol, provides a safe test for assessment of intrathecal drug delivery systems.

The inter rater reliability of the original and of the modified Ashworth scale for the assessment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury.

Thirty patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) were randomly selected to participate in this study which evaluated the inter rater reliability of the original and of the modified Ashworth scale for the assessment of spasticity in the lower limbs. A doctor and a physiotherapist rated the muscle tone of hip adductors, hip extensors, hip flexors and ankle plantarflexors according to the original and to the modified Ashworth scale. The results were analyzed using a Cohen's Kappa statistical test and showed varying levels of reliability for different muscle groups and limbs. Kappa values ranged between 0.21 and 0.61 (mean 0.37). The original scale was slightly more reliable than was the modified scale. However, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05), and was not consistent between the two limbs and between different muscle groups. It was concluded that the Ashworth scale is of limited use in the assessment of spasticity in the lower limb of patients with SCI. Further work is required to establish a standardised speed of muscle stretching during the test, or to find more appropriate grades and descriptions of spasticity for this patient group. The effects of training of the raters in the use of the scales also warrants further investigation.

A comparison of the chest radiograph and computerised tomography in assessing lung changes in acute spinal injuries--an assessment of their prevalence and the accuracy of the chest X-ray compared with CT in their assessment.

Lung function in patients following an acute spinal injury is frequently much more compromised than may be expected from the level of injury and the chest radiograph appearance. Experimental evidence in anaesthetised patients and subsequently our own experience with patients with acute spinal injuries suggested that in paralysed patients lung changes were frequent and that in many spinal patients large pleural effusions and lung consolidation could be present without the usual associated chest radiograph changes being recognised. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of chest pathology and the sensitivity of the chest radiograph in portraying it. Sixty patients (50 males, 10 females, 31 cervical, 29 thoracic or thoracolumbar; 15 incomplete, 45 complete; ages 17-66, mode 22 years) with spinal injuries from a variety of causes were assessed with a supine chest radiograph and three computerised tomography axial cuts at standardised locations through the thorax. The chest radiograph agreed with the computerised tomography in only 12 patients (six normal, six abnormal). The chest radiograph suggested that there were 19 normals but computerised tomography only showed 12. In a total of 35 patients, the chest radiograph significantly underestimated the degree of change and in 13 the chest radiograph suggested greater pathology than was shown on computerised tomography. Thirteen of the 20 patients with cervical lesions but no chest trauma had lung changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)