RESUMO
Synthetic antioxidants have long been used to protect edible oils from oxidation. However, concerns about their potential health risks and environmental impact have led to a growing interest in natural antioxidants. In this study, we explore the antioxidant properties of extracts from four Nekemias plant species: Nekemias grossedentata (AGR), Nekemias megalophylla (AME), Nekemias chaffanjonii (ACH), and Nekemias cantoniensis (ACA) by obtaining the values for different tests. We investigate their bioactive compound content and evaluate their antioxidant capabilities on six edible oils categorized into three lipid systems based on their fatty acid compositions: oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Our findings demonstrate that AGR and AME extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, exhibit strong antioxidant activities in vitro, effectively inhibiting lipid oxidation, especially in oleic acid-rich oils like camellia oil. The antioxidant effects of these extracts are comparable to synthetic antioxidants such as TBHQ and superior to natural antioxidant Tea Polyphenols (TP). While the extracts also show antioxidant potential in linoleic and linolenic acid systems, the stability of their effects in these oils is lower than in oleic acid system. These results suggest that Nekemias species extracts have the potential to serve as natural additives for extending the shelf life of edible oils, contributing to the exploration of natural antioxidants.
RESUMO
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common and pivotal non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is necessary to use the appropriate tools to characterize the cognitive profiles and identify the subjects at risk of MCI in clinical practice. A cohort of 207 non-demented patients with PD and 52 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal controls (NCs) underwent the Chinese Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-BC) evaluation. Patients with PD also received detailed motor and non-motor evaluation by serial scales. Cognitive profiles were investigated in patients with PD-MCI, relative to patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) and cognitively NCs. In addition, differences in demography, major motor and non-motor symptoms were compared between patients with PD-MCI and PD-NC. There were 70 patients with PD-MCI, occupying 33.8% of the total patients. Patients with PD-MCI had impairment in multiple cognitive domains, especially in executive function, memory and visuospatial function on MoCA-BC, relative to cognitively NCs or PD-NC. Compared with PD-NC patients, PD-MCI patients were older (p = 0.002) and had a later onset age (p = 0.007) and higher score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III (p = 0.001). The positive rate of clinical possible rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (cpRBD) in the PD-MCI group was significantly increased relative to the PD-NC group (p = 0.003). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.06; p = 0.012), higher score of UPDRS-III (OR = 1.03; p = 0.018) and the presence of cpRBD (OR = 2.10; p = 0.037) were independently associated factors of MCI in patients with PD. In conclusion, executive function, memory and visuospatial function are the main impaired cognitive profiles in PD-MCI via MoCA-BC. Aging, motor severity and RBD may be independently related factors of MCI in PD.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To propose a modified Patte classification (evaluating tendon retraction on 2 coronal sections) and analyze whether this classification was better at predicting irreparability and retear of large to massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed. Imaging evaluation including tendon retraction, fatty infiltration, the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and the tangent sign was performed using magnetic resonance imaging. The modified Patte classification was used to assess tendon retraction. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was analyzed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. Factors affecting irreparability and retear were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Sensitivity and specificity of tendon retraction to predict irreparability and retear were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 121 shoulders with large to massive RCTs underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. The modified Patte classification system had excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability. Several factors were associated with reparability and retear in the univariate analysis. However, in binary logistic regression analysis, the only factors affecting reparability were AHD less than 0.4 cm (P = .007) and modified Patte stage III tendon retraction (P = .023). Low-grade repair quality (P = .001) and modified Patte stage III tendon retraction (P = .031) were independent factors for retear. Modified Patte stage III had a high specificity for predicting irreparability (93.58%) and retear (98.78%), whereas the specificity of original Patte stage III was 76.15% and 84.15%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For large to massive RCT repairs, modified Patte stage III tendon retraction with evaluation of 2 coronal cuts reveals higher specificity on predicting tendon irreparability and postoperative retear. An AHD less than 0.4 cm on magnetic resonance imaging and modified Patte stage III tendon retraction were independent risk factors for irreparability. Low-grade repair quality and modified Patte stage III tendon retraction were independent risk factors for postoperative retear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control study.