Analysis of China's heavy industry energy-related CO2 emissions and its influencing factors: an input-output perspective.

As one of the industries with high energy-extensive consumption in China, the carbon emissions (CO2-E) generated by heavy industry cannot be ignored. However, the related literatures that take heavy industry energy-related CO2-E as the research object in the past mainly focus on the index decomposition model (IDM), econometric analysis, and other aspects. At present, few literatures use the structural decomposition model (SDM) to analyze the CO2-E and influencing factors of the industry from the perspective of input-output (I-O) analysis. This perspective and model can unify the supply side and demand side energy-related CO2-E of the heavy industry, which is conducive to a more comprehensive analysis of the heavy industry energy-related CO2-E and further various direct and indirect influencing factors. Based on this, this paper employs the energy consumption method (ECM), the I-O analysis method, and SDM to examine the energy-related CO2-E and influencing factors of China's heavy industry. The findings show that while the growth tendency of China's heavy industry energy-related CO2-E has been effectively controlled within the sample interval. Simultaneously, the supply side's optimization of the energy consumption structure (ECS), the upgrading of energy utilization technologies, and the generalized technological progress rate (GTPR) reflecting the input structure effect (ISE) have an inhibitory effect on the heavy industry's energy-related CO2-E, while the final demand effect (FDE) has an increasing effect on the energy-related CO2-E in the heavy industry, indicating that the products produced by the heavy industry are still characterized by high carbonation. This paper not only further enriches the existing research literature on energy-related CO2-E from the heavy industry in theory, but also provides guidance for efficient control of excessive growth of energy-related CO2-E from the perspective of input and output for the heavy industry in practice.

Analysis on carbon emissions efficiency differences and optimization evolution of China's industrial system: An input-output analysis.

The excessive carbon emissions not only intensify the global climate change, but also seriously restrict the sustainable development of social economy. However, improving industrial carbon emissions efficiency is the most directly effective way to reduce emissions. Therefore, accurate measurement and analysis of carbon emissions efficiency and evolution characteristics of China's industrial system is the basis for China to improve carbon emissions efficiency. Based on this, we adopted energy consumption method and input-output method to calculate and analyze the industrial carbon emissions efficiency and evolution characteristics of China from 2002 to 2015. The results show that (1) If carbon emissions from cement production are ignored and only energy-related carbon emissions are considered, the calculation results of carbon emissions efficiency of heavy industry will be overestimated about 30%. (2) Compared with 2002, China's industrial carbon emissions efficiency increased by about twice in 2015. Specifically, the optimization of carbon emissions efficiency in agriculture, construction, light industry and service industry is very obvious, which has increased by 5.65, 5.00, 4.69 and 4.68 times respectively; The optimization of carbon emissions efficiency in power sector, heavy industry, transportation and chemical industry was obvious, which increased by 2.55, 2.01, 1.86 and 1.47 times respectively; The carbon emissions efficiency of the fossil energy sector has decreased by 0.36 times. (3) The carbon emissions efficiency of various industries has significant differences. Among them, agriculture, service industry, light industry and construction industry are generally industries with higher carbon emissions efficiency, while power sector, fossil energy sector, transportation industry, chemical industry and heavy industry are generally industries with lower carbon emissions efficiency, especially power and fossil energy sectors. Based on these, this paper provides policy implications and scientific evidence for accurately improving carbon emissions efficiency from the perspective of carbon emissions efficiency.

Structural factors influencing energy carbon emissions in China's service industry: an input-output perspective.

Existing literatures on energy carbon emissions mainly focus on high-energy industries such as electricity, transportation, and construction, while there are few researches on energy carbon emissions of relatively low-carbon industries such as the service industry. But with the service sector accounting for more than one-half of China's national economy, its carbon emissions are increasingly not negligible. Based on this, we use the structural decomposition model, input-output analysis method, and energy consumption method to study the structural factors influencing energy carbon emissions in China's service industry from 2007 to 2017. The results show that (1) the pressure and space of energy carbon emission reduction of the service industry are still huge in the future. Specifically, in the sample range, although the excessive growth of the energy carbon emissions of the service industry has been alleviated, the proportion of high-carbon energy in the energy carbon emissions of the service industry is still high, and the optimization of the energy consumption structure has not been significantly improved. (2) During the sample period, the energy utilization efficiency of the service industry has been significantly optimized and improved, which leads to the inhibition of the energy intensity effect on the growth of carbon emissions of the service industry. However, it should be noted that the emission reduction effect exerted by the energy intensity effect over time shows a tired trend. Therefore, in the future, the control of energy carbon emissions in the service industry needs to take multiple approaches to work together. (3) Input structure effect, energy structure effect, and final demand effect promote the growth of service industry energy carbon emissions. This also indicates that in the sample range, the service industry as the final demand product has the characteristics of high carbonization, the generalized technological progress of the input structure effect has not been improved, and the energy consumption structure on the supply side of the service industry has not been optimized. Therefore, China's service industry still has great potential for emission reduction from the above three aspects in the future. The research results provide a theoretical analysis basis and practical guidance for more accurate and efficient emission reduction in the service industry from the input-output perspective.

Energy-related carbon emissions and structural emissions reduction of China's construction industry: the perspective of input-output analysis.

Excessive carbon emissions from energy consumption seriously restrict China's sustainable development and eco-environmental protection. Although the carbon emissions from the construction industry are less than that of the power, transportation, and manufacturing sectors, the carbon emissions released by the construction industry cannot be ignored due to its extensive development trend of high energy consumption and low efficiency. Based on this, this paper studies energy-related carbon emissions and emissions reduction of China's construction industry from 2007 to 2017 by adopting the input-output analysis method, energy consumption method, and structural decomposition model. The results show that within the sample range: (1) The optimization of the construction industry energy consumption structure has a significant reduction effect on the growth of energy carbon emissions from the construction industry in China, and the reduction effect has shown an increasing trend over time. However, it should be noted that in this sample range, the optimization of energy consumption structure in the construction industry is mainly reflected in the decrease of the proportion of high-carbon energy consumption such as raw coal, while low-carbon energy such as natural gas has not played a significant role. Therefore, the future energy optimization space of China's construction industry is still huge. (2) Energy intensity effect and input structure effect have a positive inhibitory effect on carbon emission growth of the construction industry, and the inhibitory effect of energy intensity effect is stronger than that of input structure effect. It shows that in the sample range, the generalized technological progress and energy efficiency of the construction industry have been better optimized and improved. (3) Except for 2015-2017, the final demand effect in other intervals has a positive effect on the growth of carbon emissions in the construction industry, and the secondary and tertiary industries play a major role in the final demand effect. It shows that the total demand for the construction industry in various industries still maintains a growth trend. This paper provides a theoretical analysis basis and practical guidance for China's construction industry to carry out more accurate and efficient emission reduction from the supply-side energy varieties and demand-side industry level, and further enriches the existing research on carbon emissions of the construction industry from the perspective of input-output analysis.

Understanding the carbon emissions status and emissions reduction effect of China's transportation industry: dual perspectives of the early and late stages of the economic "new normal".

Since China has entered the economic "new normal," China's industries pay more attention to green and low-carbon development. However, the transportation industry is still one of the three industries with high carbon emissions at present. Based on this, this paper first constructed two scenarios for the early and late stages of economic "new normal." Furthermore, using the extended structural decomposition model, input-output method, and energy consumption method, this paper studied the carbon emissions status and emissions reduction effect of China's transportation industries in the early and late stages of economic "new normal." The results showed as follows. (1) Compared with the early stage of economic "new normal," the energy intensity of transportation industries and optimization of energy consumption structure played a better role in emissions reduction after entering the economic "new normal." However, the input structure effect reflecting generalized technological progress did not play a significant role. (2) Compared with the early stage of economic "new normal," low-carbon energy such as liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, and liquefied natural gas played a more significant role in the energy structure effect with the emissions reduction effect showing an obvious enhancement trend over time after entering the economic "new normal." (3) In the early or late stage of economic "new normal," the final demand effect was the main driving factor for the growth of CO2 emissions in the transportation industry. Meanwhile, compared with the early stage of economic "new normal," the final demand effect had a stronger driving effect in the late stage of economic "new normal." In these two periods, the second industry and the third industry were the main contributors to the final demand effect. This paper provided a basic theoretical analysis basis for carbon emission control of transportation industry under the "new normal" of the Chinese economy, and also provided a realistic guidance path for the transportation industry to carry out more accurate emission reduction from the level of energy varieties on the demand side and industry on the demand side.

Dynamic evolution analysis of the factors driving the growth of energy-related CO2 emissions in China: An input-output analysis.

In recent years, the global greenhouse effect caused by excessive energy-related carbon emissions has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, we studied the dynamic evolution of factors driving China's energy-related CO2 emissions growth from 2007 to 2015 by using energy consumption method and input-output analysis and used the IO-SDA model to decompose the energy carbon emissions. Within the research interval, the results showed that (1) on the energy supply-side, the high carbon energy represented by raw coal was still the main factor to promote the growth of energy-related CO2 emissions. However, the optimization of energy consumption structure is conducive to reducing emissions. Specifically, the high carbon energy represented by raw coal exhibited a downward trend in promoting the increment of energy-related CO2 emissions, while the clean energy represented by natural gas showed an upward trend in promoting the increment of CO2 emissions. It is worth noting that there is still a lot of room for optimization of China's energy consumption structure to reduce emissions. (2) On the energy demand-side, the final demand effect is the main driving force of the growth of carbon emissions from fossil energy. Among them, the secondary industry plays a major role in the final demand effect. The "high carbonization" of the final product reflects the characteristics of China's high energy input in the process of industrialization. At the same time, since the carbon emission efficiency of the tertiary industry and the primary industry is better than that of the secondary industry, actively optimizing the industrial structure is conducive to slowing down the growth of carbon emission brought by the demand effect. (3) The input structure effect is the main restraining factor for the growth of energy carbon emissions, while the energy intensity effect has a slight driving effect on the growth of energy carbon emissions. The results show that China's "extensive" economic growth model has been effectively reversed, but the optimization of fossil energy utilization efficiency is still not obvious, and there is still a large space to curb carbon emissions by improving fossil energy utilization efficiency in the future.