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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24499058

RESUMO

Because of the rapid growth in dietary supplement availability and public concern for weight control, the investigation of foods and various dietary supplements illegally adulterated with weight loss compounds has become increasingly important. A total of 29 weight loss compounds, including sennoside, sibutramine, ephedrine and their analogues, found to be adulterated in foods and dietary supplements were simultaneously examined by LC-MS/MS. The 188 samples were collected between 2009 and 2012 in South Korea, and method validation was performed to determine the adulterants to the weight loss compounds. LODs, LOQs and linearity ranged from 0.03 to 7.5 ng ml⁻¹, from 0.08 to 30.00 ng ml⁻¹, and from 0.990 to 0.999, respectively. The results showed that nine weight loss compounds, namely bisacodyl, desmethylsibutramine, didesmethylsibutramine, ephedrine, fluoxetine, pseudoephedrine, sennoside A, sennoside B and sibutramine, were detected in 62 of all collected samples and were found in order of frequency as follows: sibutramine, 25.7%; sennoside A, 22.9%; sennoside B, 20.0%; fluoxetine, 8.6%; desmethylsibutramine, 7.1%; bisacodyl, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, 4.3%; and didesmethylsibutramine, 2.9%. Sibutramine, which was the most frequently found adulterant, ranged in levels from 0.03 to 132.40 mg g⁻¹ (2010), from 0.88 to 76.2 mg g⁻¹ (2011), and from 0.07 to 0.24 mg g⁻¹ (2012). Although the concentrations of most compounds ranged widely, some compounds such as bisacodyl and fluoxetine were found at high concentrations in several samples.


Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos , Inspeção de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos em Conserva/análise , Fármacos Antiobesidade/química , Depressores do Apetite/análise , Depressores do Apetite/química , Catárticos/análise , Catárticos/química , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/análise , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ciclobutanos/análise , Ciclobutanos/química , Suplementos Nutricionais/economia , Alimentos em Conserva/economia , Limite de Detecção , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , República da Coreia , Extrato de Senna/análise , Extrato de Senna/química , Senosídeos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23998781

RESUMO

More than 46 phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor analogues have been found to be present as illegal adulterants in various forms of health food products (powder, tablet, capsule, etc.), thereby placing the health of consumers at risk through product intake. In this study, 164 samples advertised to be effective at enhancing male sexual performance were collected over a 4-year period (2009-2012) from the Korean on-line or off-line market and screened. An LC-MS/MS method was employed to screen for the presence of 48 compounds including sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil and their analogues. Method validation established LOQs (0.30-10.00 ng ml(-1) or ng g(-1)) and recoveries (spiked in liquid sample, 84-112%; spiked in solid sample, 83-110%). Most of the illicit products screened were adulterated with 14 of the PDE5 derivatives under examination, including considerable amounts of sildenafil and tadalafil; of the 48 compounds, tadalafil was the most frequent adulterant (42.6%), followed by sildenafil (27.9%). Specifically, tadalafil concentration ranges (mg g(-1)) in the samples collected over the 4-year period were determined as follows: 2.91-52.20 (2009), 4.50-108.10 (2010), 0.37-101.40 (2011), and 0.08-138.69 mg g(-1) (2012). The concentration ranges (mg g(-1)) of sildenafil were also at high levels: 4.90-117.96 (2009), 1.30-369.93 (2010), 0.03-241.77 (2011), and 18.34-297.91 mg g(-1) (2012). The results of screening for PDE5 inhibitor pharmaceuticals as adulterants in illicit health food products are of great significance with respect to the protection of public health and consumer safety.


Assuntos
Carbolinas/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Alimentos Orgânicos/análise , Imidazóis/análise , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/análise , Piperazinas/análise , Sulfonas/análise , Publicidade , Cromatografia Líquida , Humanos , Masculino , Purinas/análise , Saúde Reprodutiva , República da Coreia , Citrato de Sildenafila , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Tadalafila , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Triazinas/análise , Dicloridrato de Vardenafila
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