Assessment of Energy Expenditure of Police Officers Trained in Polish Police Schools and Police Training Centers.

Knowledge of the energy expenditure related to the training of policemen allows for assessment of the intensity of the work performed and is an indispensable element of planning and implementing nutrition. This study on energy expenditure comprised a total of 280 persons, students of two Polish police schools and two police training centers. The energy expenditure of policemen was determined based on measurements of the heart rate using Polar RC3 GPS heart rate monitors. The energy expenditure of policemen associated with the training process in the police schools and training centers ranged from 1793 to 3043 kcal/8 h and amounted to 2314 ± 945 kcal/8 h during training on average. The values of energy expenditure related to a typical training day in Polish institutions conducting police training are diverse and depend on the specificity and nature of the training. According to the criteria for assessing the burden of work, the work performed by police officers can be classified as hard work and very hard work.

Assessment of the Body Composition and Bone Calcification of Students of Police Schools and Police Training Centers in Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study.

The 21st century is considered the age of malnutrition resulting in the unprecedented frequency of civilization diseases. Among these disorders, obesity is particularly distinguished and considered an epidemic-scale disease. For this reason, conducting studies on obesity and counteracting this phenomenon is essential. Research from recent years indicates a problem of excessive body weight among officers of uniformed services, who should be characterized by good health and fitness level due to the specificity of the work. As the problem of obesity affects every fourth Pole, research in uniformed services seems to be essential from health and national security perspectives. The presented study aimed to determine the elements of nutritional status in 289 students of Polish police schools and police training centers. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and bone calcification assessment was conducted by the DXA densitometric method. Based on BMI and body fat content, body weight disorders were found in 31.8% of all examined students. Densitometric test results showed changes in bone calcification of varying severity in 26.6% of the total number of respondents. The presence of obesity in students of police schools and training centers proves that the present nutrition model is energetically unbalanced, while the demonstrated disorders of bone calcification indicate an improper condition of mineral nutrition.

Maturation of T and B Lymphocytes in the Assessment of the Immune Status in COVID-19 Patients.

Cell response to novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is currently a widely researched topic. The assessment of leukocytes population and the maturation of both B and T lymphocytes may be important in characterizing the immunological profile of COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate maturation of B and T cells in COVID-19 patients with interstitial lesions on chest X-ray (COVID-19 X-ray (+)), without changes on X-ray (COVID-19 X-ray (-)) and in healthy control. The study group consisted of 23 patients divided on two groups: COVID-19 X-ray (+) n = 14 and COVID-19 X-ray (-) n = 9 and control n = 20. The flow cytometry method was performed. We observed a significantly higher percentage of plasmablasts and lower CD4+ lymphocytes in COVID-19 X-ray (+) patients than in COVID-19 X-ray (-) and control. In the COVID-19 X-ray (+) patients, there was a lower proportion of effector CD4+ T cells, naïve CD8+ T cells and higher central memory CD4+ cells and effector CD8+ T cells than control. The above results showed that the assessment of selected cells of B and T lymphocytes by flow cytometry can distinguish patients with COVID-19 and differentiate patients with and without changes on chest X-ray.

Assessment of selected parameters of the circulatory system in patients undergoing oral aspirin challenge.

INTRODUCTION: It is known that the administration of the drug during the oral aspirin challenge (OAC) can cause hypersensitivity symptoms not only from the respiratory system or skin, but also from the cardiovascular system. AIM: To assess the occurrence and nature of cardiovascular adverse events during the OAC in patients suspected of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 52 patients with symptoms of hypersensitivity to aspirin (ASA) or other NSAIDs in the form of skin reactions or respiratory response in anamnesis. Patients were treated with OAC and simultaneously were subject to monitoring of clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity to ASA/NSAIDs, ventilation disorders and cardiovascular functions. RESULTS: The most common reaction of the cardiovascular system during OAC was tachycardia or supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, regardless of the day of the study and the result of OAC. Supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia was recorded incidentally. Atrial or ventricular fibrillation or flutter was not observed. There was no evidence of any ischemic heart disease. In 2 patients, hypotension was registered, but only 1 of them required typical treatment of anaphylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: No clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias were recorded during OAC. The changes observed in the records of blood pressure and ECG monitoring show that OAC performed in accordance with the current guidelines does not pose a high risk to the patient's health and life as a result of cardiovascular reactions.

Energy and nutritional value of diets used in patients alimentation and their assessment by patients of selected clinical department in the Military Medical Institute in Warsaw.

The aim of the work was laboratory assessment of energy and nutritional value of general and light diets used in patients of selected clinical department in the Military Medical Institute in Warsaw alimentation. Using questionnaire method the assessment of diets was done by patients too. Meals given to patients in hospital not always fulfilled nutritional requirements. Additional consumption of supplementary products did not always meet the requirements of proper nutrition. Half of examined patients appraised nutrition variety as good but at the same time claimed the there was not enough fruits and vegetables.

[The use of laser Doppler flowmetry for assessment of skin prick tests with histamine solutions and allergens]. / Zastosowanie wlosniczkowej przeplywometrii laserowej do oceny punktowych testów skórnych z roztworami histaminy i alergenami.

UNLABELLED: The lately noted growth of the allergy diseases morbidity requires improvement of their diagnosis methods. The skin prick test (SPT) is still the most frequently applied method in this field. The usually used visual evaluation is sufficient for daily practise but unfortunately is not error free. To minimise these errors and to make the evaluation more objective an attempt of applying of different technics such as LDF has been initiated. AIM: The present study has dealt with usefulness of an application of LDF method to evaluate SPT method using different allergens, solutions of histamine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a group of 22 individuals. These individuals underwent SPT with a use of three different solutions of histamine (10.0 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml) and allergens and the results of the test were evaluated with an application of the classic and LDF methods. RESULTS: Based on the results of the study an optimal distance from a prick point and time of the LDF measurement (5 mm, 15 min.) were selected. The results of the SPT were analysed with a parallel use of both of the above mentioned methods, and the relation between SPT results evaluated by visual method and the results obtained with the use of LDF was found. The highest value of correlation was obtained for the diameter and area of both--wheal and flare for the histamine solution of 1.0 mg/ml, the lower value for 0.1 mg/ml, and the lowest for the solution of 10.0 mg/ml and allergen (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the study shown that the optimal time for evaluation of SPT by LDF method is 15 minutes and distance from prick point is 5 mm. In such a case correlation between the parameters of visual evaluation and LDF values is most significant.