[Recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Atherosclerosis Society on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management of Dyslipidemias. for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemia Treatment (2016): Basic S.G.]

This review summarizes the main provisions of the new, issued in 2016, recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and Atherosclerosis Society in cooperation with the European Association on Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation on Cardiovascular disease prevention and Management of dyslipidemia. In these recommendations, the following trends can be traced distinctly: priority in primary prevention is given to non-drug methods of influence; targets of hypolipidemic therapy are identified not only for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (CH), but also for non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) CH, especially in cases of concomitant hypertriglyceridemia. In the field of therapy, in which statins remain the main tool of correction of hyperlipidemia, it is recommended to more widely resort to the use of combination therapy, especially in cases of familial hypercholesterolemia or intolerance to statins; introduction of a new class of drugs- inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 makes it possible to further reduce the level of LDLCH, lipoprotein(a) more than 60%. Regarding the wider application of these drugs there are issues related to the relatively limited experience of their use and the lack of data on long-term results and the incidence of side effects. Much attention is paid to more active correction of dyslipidemia in elderly patients, patients with chronic renal failure, diabetes, and several other diseases. The emergence of new European recommendations will undoubtedly serve as a stimulus to the revision of the Russian recommendations, which remain unchanged from 2012.

[Experimental and clinical assessment of antioxidant efficacy of multicomponent antioxidant medication]. / Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia otsenka antiokislitel'noi éffektivnosti mnogokomponentnogo antioksidantnogo preparata.

AIM: To study an antioxidant action of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E and provitamin A) in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was made of kinetic parameters of copper-initiated free radical oxidation (FRO) of low density lipoproteins (HDLP) in human blood plasm, antioxidant potential of rat liver and myocardium, the level of FRO products in HDLP and activity of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes of 31 males aged 40-64 years with coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS: An antioxidant action of the combinations alpha-tocopherol+ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol+beta-carotin was much more potent than that of each of the component alone. The whole complex of the antioxidants completely suppressed FRO of HDLP in the model system. Feeding rats for 30 days with a complex of antioxidant vitamins and selenium produced a sharp enhancement of the antioxidant potential of the liver and a complete suppression of free radical processes in the myocardium. If this complex was given to CHD patients for 2 months, it sharply reduced the amount of FRO primary and secondary products in blood plasm LDLP in growing activity of erythrocytic selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase. CONCLUSION: The scheme is proposed for objective experimental assessment of antioxidant efficacy of multicomponent antioxidant medication in laboratory and clinical trials.

[Clinico-immunological assessment of the effectiveness of plasmapheresis in the combined therapy of patients with high arterial hypertension]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti plazmafereza v kompleksnoi terapii bol'nykh s vysokoi arterial'noi gipertoniei.

After several plasmapheresis procedures 25 out of 28 patients with high arterial hypertension revealed stable BP lowering, accompanied by elimination of their refractoriness to medical therapy. Enhanced sensitivity of lymphocytes to antihypertensive drugs has been established by lymphocyte rosette-formation with allogenic erythrocytes loaded with these preparations. Plasmapheresis was followed by moderate reduction in IgA, IgM and IgG levels with their subsequent recovery to baseline values within 3-7 days. In a number of patients with drug hypersensitivity plasmapheresis contributed to a considerable attenuation of drug-induced allergy and caused a decrease in the initially elevated IgE level. Possible mechanisms of eliminating refractoriness to medical therapy by plasmapheresis are discussed.