Long-term socioprofessional and psychological status in workers investigated for occupational asthma in quebec.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term status of workers with occupational asthma (OA) with those of subjects with work-exacerbated asthma (WEA) and nonasthmatic (NA) workers. METHODS: We contacted 179 subjects investigated for suspected OA at Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from 1997 to 2007. Participants completed questionnaires on psychological and functional status, followed by a telephone interview about socioprofessional outcomes and health care utilization. RESULTS: The OA workers are more likely to have been removed from the workplace than the WEA workers. The health-related quality of life of all workers was still impaired. A high prevalence of psychiatric disorders was found among OA and WEA workers. Compared with WEA and OA workers, the NA group showed a higher rate of physician consultations for all causes. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the diagnosis they received, these workers need to benefit from psychosocial support in the period after investigation for suspicion of OA.

Medical surveillance programme for diisocyanate exposure.

OBJECTIVES: Surveillance programmes for occupational asthma should reduce the severity of asthma both at the time of diagnosis and after removal from exposure as well as costs related to functional impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the severity and cost of diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma in workers participating in a surveillance programme and in twice the number of workers diagnosed after being referred by their physician. METHODS: Answers to a self-administered questionnaire led to possible referral for further assessment that included methacholine testing and specific inhalation challenges as the gold standard for confirming occupational asthma. Results Of the 2897 workers who participated, 182 (6.3%) had a positive questionnaire. 79/182 (43%) were referred for further medical assessment and 20 had confirmed occupational asthma by specific inhalation testing. At the time of diagnosis, the 20 screened subjects had a mean PC(20) of 3.35 mg/ml as compared to 1.50 mg/ml (p = 0.05) in the 66 controls. Two years after diagnosis and removal from exposure, the 20 subjects screened had a mean PC(20) of 4.81 mg/ml compared to 1.67 mg/ml (p = 0.03) in controls. Clinical remission occurred in 34% of the screened group compared to 16% of the control group (p = 0.02). The median costs for functional impairment were $C11,900 in screened subjects and $C19,600 in controls (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with occupational asthma screened by a medical surveillance programme have a better outcome both at the time of diagnosis and 2 years after removal from exposure, with lower compensation costs compared to controls.

Cost-effectiveness of various diagnostic approaches for occupational asthma.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of occupational asthma (OA) by specific inhalation challenge (SIC) can be costly and is not always available. The use of sputum testing to avoid this in some patients may be a more cost-effective alternative. OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost-effectiveness of SIC with serial measurements of sputum cell counts (sputum testing) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring. METHODS: Clinical data and testing costs for OA in 49 patients were collected during a previously published trial, modelled and compared using TreeAge Pro. Clinical outcome was the percentage of accurately diagnosed patients, using SIC as the gold standard. The PEF approach used the most accurate assessment of five experts who were blinded to SIC results. Differences in the proportion of eosinophils during periods on and off work were used for the sputum testing approach and in PEF/sputum for the combined approach. Unit costs were estimated from charges in Canadian hospitals. Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way analyses, and by probabilistic sensitivity analysis using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. RESULTS: The PEF approach had an estimated accuracy of 52% and cost $365 per patient tested. Compared with PEF monitoring, sputum testing was more accurate and cost an estimated $255 for each additional OA patient correctly diagnosed. SIC costs per additional correct diagnosis were $11,032 compared with sputum testing and $6,458 compared with PEF monitoring. The combined PEF/sputum testing approach was not cost-effective in the base case analysis, but cannot be excluded according to probabilistic sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Although SIC remains the reference test to diagnose OA, when this test is not available, sputum testing is a cost-effective alternative to PEF for diagnosis of OA.

Impact of a continuing education activity on the quality of telephone interventions by nurses in an adult asthma client base.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of a continuing education activity on the clinical evaluation and advice provided by nurses working for a telephone triage service with an asthmatic client base, and to measure the number of referrals to Asthma Education Centers (AECs). The results suggest a positive impact on the quality of the telephone intervention in the short term, but this was not sustained over time. Few patients were referred to an AEC.

Active consideration: conceptualizing patient-provided support for spouse caregivers in the context of prostate cancer.

In this study, the authors examine the under-investigated topic of patient-provided support for spouse caregivers. Thirty-four men with prostate cancer and their female partners were interviewed separately three times: before the man's radical prostatectomy, 8 to 10 weeks postsurgery, and 1 year postsurgery. The core category of active consideration encompassed 4 dimensions: easing spousal burden, keeping us up, maintaining connection, and considering spouse. Patient-provided support entails two overlapping tasks: minimizing the practical and emotional impact of the illness and tending to the caregiver's social-emotional needs. A theory expounding on the double bind of being both a patient and an agent in light of masculine socialization practices is articulated and brought to bear on the phenomenon of patient-provided support.