Family socioeconomic status and adolescent substance use: The role of parent-adolescent brain similarity and parental monitoring.

Greater neural similarity between parents and adolescents may reduce adolescent substance use. Among 70 parent-adolescent dyads, we tested a longitudinal path model in which family economic environment is related to adolescent substance use, directly and indirectly through parent-adolescent neural similarity and parental monitoring. Neural similarity was measured as parent-adolescent pattern similarity in functional brain connectivity at Time 1. Parents reported socioeconomic status and parental monitoring at Time 1. Adolescents reported parental monitoring at Time 1 and substance use at Time 2. Higher family socioeconomic status was associated with greater neural similarity. Greater neural similarity was associated with lower adolescent substance use, mediated through greater adolescent-perceived parental monitoring. Parent-adolescent neural similarity may attenuate adolescent substance use by bolstering parental monitoring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

An Increase in Medial Joint Space Width After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Is Associated With an Increase in the Postoperative Weight-Bearing Line Ratio Rather Than With Cartilage Regeneration: Comparative Analysis of Patients Who Underwent Second-Look Arthroscopic Assessment.

PURPOSE: To investigate relevant factors influencing increases in medial joint space width (JSW) after medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2018, the electronic medical records of consecutive patients who underwent MOWHTO and subsequent second-look arthroscopic assessment at least 12 months after MOWHTO were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to changes in the medial JSW of the knee at the time of the second-look operation compared with that at baseline before the initial surgical procedure. Various radiographic parameters, arthroscopic findings, and clinical scores were compared between the groups, and regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to increases in medial JSW. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients were analyzed. In a bivariate analysis, patients who experienced an increase in medial JSW showed a significantly higher postoperative weight-bearing line ratio (WBLR) (P = .008) and a greater proportion of severe preoperative cartilage lesions in the medial compartment of the knee compared with patients with a maintained or reduced medial JSW (P = .035). In terms of clinical scores, patients with an increased medial JSW showed relatively favorable clinical outcomes at the time of the second-look operation. Regression analysis indicated only postoperative WBLR as a relevant factor associated with an increase in medial JSW after MOWHTO (odds ratio, 1.057; P = .01). Additional analysis with patients reclassified according to the postoperative WBLR showed that as the postoperative WBLR increased, the medial JSW increased, without a significant change in the lateral JSW. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the medial JSW of the knee joint after MOWHTO appears to be associated with an increase in the postoperative WBLR, not with cartilage regeneration. Obtaining adequate correction so that the postoperative WBLR is within 60% to 70% would be desirable in terms of postoperative changes in the medial JSW, as well as clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of economical standard tea plant, Camellia sinensis L. cultivar Sangmok, in Korea.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Camellia sinensis L. cultivar Sangmok was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. We sequenced Sangmok chloroplast genome and performed comparative with 21 published other Camellia and species from different genus for phylogenetic analysis. Chloroplast genome was 153,044 bp in length, containing a pair of 24,627 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions, which were separated by small and large single-copy regions (SSC and LSC) of 19,155 and 64,665 bp, respectively. The chloroplast genome contained 97 genes (63 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 5 rRNA genes). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.2%. The phylogenetic analysis among species in number of the genus Camellia provided that C. sinensis L. cultivar Sangmok is closely related to KJ806277 Camellia pubicosta.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Official Development Assistance Project on Maternal and Child Health in Kwango, DR Congo.

A project on maternal and child health (MCH) was conducted by the Korea International Cooperation Agency to reduce maternal and child mortality rates in Kwango, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the costs and benefits of the MCH project, which was under Official Development Assistance for a period of 3 years from 2014 to 2016. The study conducted a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) using a benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The costs were the total costs incurred in implementing the MCH project. The benefits of the MCH project were estimated as the monetary values of the reduction in maternal mortality rates and the mortality rates of infants and children aged under 5 years. The adjusted costs that converted the time value for 2016 were estimated as USD 1,969,532 as part of the CBA. The benefits of reduced maternal mortality and the mortality of infants and children aged under 5 years were estimated as USD 681,416, USD 4,332,376, and USD 1,710,184, respectively, in monetary terms. The total benefits were estimated as USD 6,723,976 and the BCR was calculated at 3.41. In addition, the benefits were estimated by the different economic assumptions through a sensitivity analysis. The MCH project was economically satisfied under the most conservative assumptions.