[Optimization of production-living-ecology spatial pattern in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone based on comprehensive benefits of development and protection]. / 基于开发保护综合效益的洞庭湖生态经济区"三生空间"æ ¼å±€ä¼˜åŒ–.

The optimization of production-living-ecology (PLE) space is an important basis for promoting regional high-quality development. Taking the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone as an example, from the perspective of improving the comprehensive benefits of the development and protection of the PLE space, we coupled the GMOP-FLUS model, and proposed an optimization method combining the scenario configuration and the bottom line protection of the PLE space. We compared the three optimization scenarios (economic optimization scenario, ecological optimization scenario, and multi-objective optimization scenario), and coordinated the conflict areas of two lines to clarify the comprehensive optimization scheme of the PLE space in the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone. The results showed the characteristics of increasing production space and living space and decreasing ecological space from 2010 to 2020, resulting in the partial loss of land ecological and environmental benefits. Under the economic optimization scenario, the ecological optimization scenario promoted the rapid growth of regional economy but damaged regional ecological security. The ecological optimization scenario inhibited regional economic development. The multi-objective optimization scenario led to improvement of economic and ecological benefits of the PLE space, which increased by 2.0% and 1.3%, respectively. The multi-objective optimization scenario was the best optimization scenario among the three scenarios. By superimposing the best scenario and the two-line conflict regional coordination results, we obtained the comprehensive optimization scheme for 2030. The production space, living space, and ecological space areas of the scheme were 25777.18, 2062.94, and 32552.68 km2, respectively. Based on the natural and social conditions, combining the comprehensive optimization scheme, we put forward different control suggestions for each type of PLE space. Our results could provide reference for the rational formulation of territorial spatial planning and the formulation of policies for the coordinated development of ecological environment and social economy in the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone.

Evaluation of the operation status of the residential land market in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China and its spatiotemporal pattern characteristics.

Exploring the operation status and patterns of urban land markets is an important theoretical and practical topic for promoting coordinated socio-economic development. In this study, the operation status of the residential land market in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the characteristics of its pattern were analyzed using the composite index method and the 3σ rule of the normal distribution and taking the 174 counties in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China, as the research objects. The results show that ① Beijing, Tianjin, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, and Baoding residential land market state composite indexes are all in the middle to upper levels in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster, while Qinhuangdao, Handan, and Chengde residential land market state composite indexes are generally low. The harmony between the residential land price and national economy, the market supply and demand balance, and the structural balance may become the main factors affecting the healthy development of the residential land market in Beijing and Tianjin. ② The proportion of counties with "healthy" residential land market in all dimensions and overall market status reached over 64%, and the residential land market in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is running well. The rapid increase in residential land prices from 2016 to 2020 was an important driver of the increased heat in the residential land market across the region. ③ The residential land market in the counties around Beijing and Tianjin is significantly hotter than in other regions, and there is an obvious polarization effect in the operation state of the residential land market in the Beijing-Tianjin region. The residential land market is generally cold in the counties in the southern and northeastern parts of the region and other peripheral areas, and there is a risk of marginalization in the development of the residential land market in the counties in the peripheral areas. ④ Both the hot and cold residential land market states exhibit spatial clustering characteristics. Most of the clusters are not consistent with the municipal administrative boundaries, and the states of the residential land market in neighboring counties are very similar.

Research on the characteristics and influencing factors of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban network structure from the perspective of listed manufacturing enterprises.

The production connection is a crucial component of the Inter City Association. An urban network based on the enterprise perspective better reflects the structural characteristics of regional cities. Based on data gathered from the headquarters and branches of the listed manufacturing enterprises in 2020, this paper analyzes the county-level administrative units in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China. Using the subordinate connection model and the social network analysis method, this paper examines the spatial structural characteristics and factors of urban networks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results suggest that resource allocation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is unbalanced, with a significant difference in urban radiation and agglomeration capacity. As the administrative centers, Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang show a strong ability to allocate resources within the network. The overall network density in the region was shown to be relatively low, with the main links being of low or medium level. The urban network is defined by the network connection led by Beijing and Tianjin with Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and Beijing-Baoding-Shijiazhuang as the main axis. These cities exhibit a "dense southeast and sparse northwest" pattern. From a hierarchical perspective, high-level network connections are based mainly on spatial proximity. Analyzing the agglomerative subgroups, the study found that the inner and outer connections of the core subgroups were relatively high. Semi-marginal subgroups generally accepted the radiation of core subgroups, while marginal subgroups had little connection with other subgroups in the region. The results of the QAP analysis show that the administrative relationship, spatial distance, city size difference, economic development level difference, industrial structure difference, and labor cost difference have a significant influence on the urban network of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

The Evaluation Indexes Suitable for Nonhuman Primates can be Extracted from Clinical Consciousness Disorder Assessment Scales: A Hypothesis.

BACKGROUND: Currently, case studies or clinical trials in different patient populations remain the main resource underlying the understanding of disorder of consciousness (DoC). This provides a low efficacy for the derivation of data and the implementation of associated controlled experimental designs. Preclinical models provide precise controls, reduced variability, rich data output and limited ethical complexity. Nonhuman primates are suitable model animals for disorders of consciousness due to their brain structure being very similar to that of humans. Behavioral tests remain the primary standard for assessing the consciousness status of humans. However, there is currently no behavioral assessment scale available for evaluation of the state of consciousness disorder in nonhuman primates. This presents a significant challenge for the establishment of different models of consciousness disorder. Therefore, there is considerable motivation to focus on the development of a proper tool for assessment of the state of consciousness associated with nonhuman primate models that are based on clinically common consciousness assessment scales. METHODS: It is assumed that the Delphi and level analysis methods based on clinical consciousness disorder assessment scales may provide an effective way to select and include assessment indexes for levels of consciousness in nonhuman primates. RESULTS: 8 first-level indicators with 41 second-level indexes were selected preliminary as a pool of evaluation entries of state of consciousness of nonhuman primates. CONCLUSIONS: It may be practicable to extract appropriate indicators for non-human primates from the clinical consciousness disorder assessment scales. Besides, a combination of Delphi method, behavioral analysis, electroencephalography, neuroimaging (such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography) and functional magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to test the reliability and validity of the novel scale reported here.

Inter-metropolitan land price characteristics and pattern in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China.

Land prices are the key problem of urban land management, with prices of residential land being the most sensitive and the strongest social reflection among the different land types. Exploring spatial and temporal variation of residential land prices and the effect of land market factors on residential land prices can help the government formulate targeted regulations and policies. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution of residential land prices and the factors influencing the land market in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on land transaction data from 2014-2017 using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results show the following: ① Residential land prices in Beijing and Tianjin are significantly higher than those in other regions, while Zhangjiakou, Chengde, and western mountainous areas have the lowest residential land prices. Over time, a development trend of residential land price polycentricity gradually emerged, and the locational correlation has gradually increased. ② Under the influence of the land finance model of local governments in China, three factors, namely, the land stock utilization rate, revenue from residential land transfers, and the growth of residential land transaction areas, have significantly contributed to the increase in residential land prices. ③ Under the land market supply and demand mechanism and government management, four indicators, namely, the land supply rate, the per capita residential land supply area, the degree of marketization of the residential land supply, and the frequency of residential land transactions, have suppressed the rise in residential land prices. ④ The overall effect of land market factors on residential land prices in the central and northern regions of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is stronger than that in the southern regions, which may be related to the more active land market and stricter macromanagement policies in Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas.

[Application value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and severity assessment of ventilator-associated pneumonia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of bedside lung ultrasound in the early diagnosis and severity assessment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in 60 patients with VAP (VAP group) and 62 patients without VAP (control group) who were admitted to department of intensive care unit of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2018 to July 2020. The gender, age and underlying diseases of non-VAP group were matched with VAP group. The general clinical data such as gender, age, underlying diseases, department source of the patient, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were recorded. The body temperature, white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), alveolar artery oxygen differential pressure (PA-aDO2) were recorded. During mechanical ventilation, the patient's body temperature, WBC, sputum characteristics, and the change of the lung ultrasound were dynamically observed. With or without dynamic air bronchogram, lung ultrasound was considered to be positive as long as there were small subpleural consolidation or tissue-like sign. Ventilator-associated pneumonia lung ultrasound score (VPLUS) and lung ultrasound score (LUSS) were performed, and chest CT scan was completed on the same day. Use positive chest CT scan as the standard to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of lung ultrasound, VPLUS score, and the combination of the two with PCT for VAP. LUSS was used to assess the severity of disease in patients with VAP. The correlation between LUSS and PaO2/FiO2, PA-aDO2, APACHE II score and SOFA score were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) General information: compared with non-VAP group, VAP group had more emergency surgery patients [51.7% (31/60) vs. 33.9% (21/62), P = 0.047], APACHE II score and SOFA score were significantly higher (APACHE II score: 15.4±5.7 vs. 13.4±3.4, P = 0.021; SOFA score: 8.8±4.2 vs. 6.3±3.3, P < 0.001), body temperature tended to rise (centigrade: 38.3±0.8 vs. 38.0±0.9, P = 0.054), more patients had airway purulent secretions [65.0% (39/60) vs. 41.9% (26/62), P = 0.011], and mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay were longer [mechanical ventilation time (days): 10.5 (6.6, 15.0) vs. 4.3 (3.0, 6.0), P < 0.001; length of ICU stay (days): 14.8 (9.0, 18.0) vs. 6.0 (4.0, 9.1), P < 0.001], 28-day mortality rate was higher [31.7% (19/60) vs. 9.7% (6/62), P = 0.003]. (2) Diagnostic efficacy evaluation: when lung ultrasound was positive, VPLUS ≥ 3 and PCT > 0.5 µg/L were used separately for the diagnosis of VAP, the sensitivity was 73.3%, 75.0%, 61.7%, respectively; the specificity was 80.6%, 58.1% and 59.7%, respectively; the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.685-0.842, 0.574-0.748, 0.514-0.694, respectively,all P < 0.05, positive lung ultrasound had good sensitivity and specificity. When positive lung ultrasound or VPLUS ≥ 3 were combined with PCT > 0.5 µg/L for tandem test, the specificity of VAP diagnosis was increased to 95.2% and 83.9%, respectively; but the specificity of VAP diagnosis of positive lung ultrasound combined with PCT > 0.5 µg/L was higher than VPLUS ≥ 3 combined with PCT > 0.5 µg/L (95.2% vs. 83.9%, P < 0.05). (3) Correlation analysis: LUSS showed a significant positive correlation with APACHE II and SOFA score (r values were 0.407, 0.399, P values were 0.001, 0.002, respectively), LUSS had no relation with PaO2/FiO2 and PA-aDO2 (r values were 0.189, -0.064, P values were 0.629, 0.149, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Lung ultrasound can early detect VAP , and its diagnostic specificity is significantly improved when combined with PCT > 0.5 µg/L. LUSS is closely related to the severity of disease in VAP patients, therefore, lung ultrasound may be an effective method for early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of VAP patients.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two erythroneurine leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) with assessment of the phylogenetic status and relationships of tribes of Typhlocybinae.

The number and classification of tribes in the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae are not yet fully clear, and molecular data has recently been used to help resolve the problem. In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of Mitjaevia shibingensis Chen, Song & Webb, 2020 and M. dworakowskae Chen, Song & Webb, 2020 of the tribe Erythroneurini (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) were sequenced. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with ATN and end with TAA or TAG, and the AT content of these three codons were found differ from previous results that show that the first codon has the highest incidence. Two rRNA genes are highly conserved, and the AT content in 16S is higher than that of 12S. The nucleotide diversity and genetic distance among 13 PCGs of the four tribes from Typhlocybinae show that Empoascini nucleotide diversity is significantly less than in the other three tribes, and have the largest distance from the others, while Typhlocybini and Zyginellini have the smallest distance, indicating that the relationship between the two is the closest. The nad2, nad4, nad4L, and nad5 genes have greater nucleotide diversity, showing potential for use as the main markers for species identification. The phylogenetic analysis yielded a well-supported topology with most branches receiving maximum support and a few branches pertaining to relationships within Zyginellini and Typhlocybini receiving lower support. The species of these two tribes are intertwined, and it was impossible to resolve them into separate branches. In addition, the tribes Empoascini and Erythroneurini were recovered as monophyletic, and Alebrini was placed at the base of the tree as the most primitive. These results are broadly in line with other molecular phylogenetical studies which differ from traditional morphological classification.

The value of 99mTc-labeled galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computerized tomography/computed tomography on regional liver function assessment and posthepatectomy failure prediction in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the value of Tc-labeled galactosyl human serum albumin (Tc-GSA) with single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in the preoperative assessment of regional liver function and prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA). METHODS: Patients with hCCA who underwent Tc-GSA SPECT/computed tomography (CT) before hepatectomy were included. The liver functional parameters of functional liver density (FLD) and predictive residual index (PRI) were calculated based on Tc-GSA SPECT/CT. PHLF was defined according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for PHLF. The prediction of PHLF was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were included, 23 of whom underwent preoperative biliary drainage. FLD was significantly higher in patients with drained lobes than that in patients with undrained lobes (0.615 ± 0.190 versus 0.500 ± 0.211, P < 0.05). Sixteen patients suffered PHLF. The ratio of future remnant to total morphological liver volume, future remnant FLD, and PRI differed significantly in patients with and without PHLF according to univariate analysis. PRI was identified as the only independent factor for prediction of PHLF according to multivariate analysis. With a PRI of 0.78, it was possible to predict PHLF with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Tc-GSA SPECT/CT can accurately assess regional liver function and is better able to predict PHLF than conventional methods in patients with hCCA.

Cumulative risk assessment of phthalates in edible vegetable oil consumed by Chinese residents.

BACKGROUND: Phthalates have been widely used as plasticizers in various industries and are widely focused on in the international community as a result of their reproductive toxicity. Exposure of Chinese residents to phthalates via edible vegetable oil occurs often. In the present study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the two main phthalates bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in four major edible vegetable oil sources: an edible oil blend, soybean oil, peanut oil and rapeseed oil (a total of 1016 samples), as collected throughout China. Furthermore, cumulative risk assessment was used to estimate the reproductive health risk to Chinese residents caused by the phthalates that come from edible vegetable oils. RESULTS: Both phthalates were detected in four major edible vegetable oil sources. The phthalate with the highest detection rate was DBP (13.48%), followed by DEHP (7.78%). The results of the cumulative risk assessment showed that the hazard indices of these two phthalates in edible vegetable oils were less than 1, except in soybean oil. Nevertheless, the two phthalates had the lowest detection rates in soybean oil, which were 1.94% (DEHP) and 5.16% (DBP). In China, contamination levels of phthalates in the soils where oil crops are cultivated have a great influence on the phthalate concentrations in edible vegetable oils. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that Chinese residents who are consuming soybean oil choose well-known brands and regularly change their brand of consumption. The phthalates in edible vegetable oils pose a relatively small reproductive health risk to Chinese residents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Design and Fabrication of a Dual-Photoelectrode Fuel Cell towards Cost-Effective Electricity Production from Biomass.

A photo fuel cell (PFC) offers an attractive way to simultaneously convert solar and biomass energy into electricity. Photocatalytic biomass oxidation on a semiconductor photoanode combined with dark electrochemical reduction of oxygen molecules on a metal cathode (usually Pt) in separated compartments is the common configuration for a PFC. Herein, we report a membrane-free PFC based on a dual electrode, including a W-doped BiVO4 photoanode and polyterthiophene photocathode for solar-stimulated biomass-to-electricity conversion. Air- and water-soluble biomass derivatives can be directly used as reagents. The optimal device yields an open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 0.62 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 775 µA cm-2 , and a maximum power density (Pmax ) of 82 µW cm-2 with glucose as the feedstock under tandem illumination, which outperforms dual-photoelectrode PFCs previously reported. Neither costly separating membranes nor Pt-based catalysts are required in the proposed PFC architecture. Our work may inspire rational device designs for cost-effective electricity generation from renewable resources.

[Assessment of hepatic reserve function of cirrhosis liver using dynamic SPECT (99m)Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic SPECT (99m)Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) scintigraphy on the assessment of reserve function of cirrhosis liver. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2011, 55 patients with cirrhosis liver were enrolled in this study. The case numbers of male and female were 43 and 12 respectively and the age was (51 ± 9) years (ranging from 35 to 69 years). After routine biochemistry test, CT scan and (99m)Tc-GSA dynamic SPECT scan were performed in turn using a juxtaposed SPECT/CT system. Then the morphologic volume of liver parenchyma (MLV), functional liver volume (FLV) and the hepatic cell absorption rate constant (GSA-K) were calculated. The correlations between GSA-K and routine biochemistry test, Child-Pugh score, indocyanine green clearance rate (ICG-K) were analyzed. The patients were further divided into 3 groups according to whether there was occlusion or stenosis in the main branch of left portal vein (group 1, n = 5), right portal vein (group 2, n = 13) or not (group 3, n = 37) and the regional hepatic functions index of the 3 groups were compared. RESULTS: The value of FLV of the whole, left and right liver was (594 ± 152) ml, (244 ± 119) ml and (356 ± 171) ml, respectively. There were correlations between GSA-K and total bilirubin, prothrombintime, Child-Pugh score and ICG-K (r = -0.730--0.298, P < 0.05). The FLV and MLV ratios of involved hemiliver to uninvolved hemiliver were 0.09 ± 0.06 and 0.30 ± 0.14 in group 1, 0.57 ± 0.43 and 1.08 ± 0.63 in group 2, 0.71 ± 0.30 and 0.71 ± 0.48 in group 3. The difference in MLV-FLV ratio was signifcant between group 1 and group 3, between group 2 and group 3 (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic SPCECT (99m)Tc-GSA scintigraphy can not only assess the whole liver function of cirrhosis liver effectively, but also evaluate the variation of regional liver function accurately.

Low-cost and high-performance CoMoS4 and NiMoS4 counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Porous chalcogels CoMoS4 and NiMoS4 made by a facile solution reaction displayed good electrocatalytic activity in the redox reaction of the I(-)/I3(-) shuttle. Dye-sensitized solar cells with these ternary compounds as counter electrodes (CEs) showed photovoltaic performance similar to the devices made with noble metal platinum CE (7.46%).