Crystalline forms of nonprotein drugs filed in Brazil from 1995-2005.

In the present study, we evaluated 457 patent applications filed for crystalline forms of nonprotein drugs during the period 1995-2005 in Brazil. Online searches were conducted using the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial patent database and the Derwent Innovations Index(®). It was found that no patent applications in this area were filed by Brazilian applicants. It was also noted that only 61% of patent applications included the characterization of three or more crystalline phase techniques. In most applications, no determination of purity was provided for chemical and/or crystalline phases. In a subset of patent applications, those for blockbuster drugs, we found that approximately 90% did not meet Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial acceptance criteria nor the criteria developed in this study. These results reveal that appropriate and thorough characterization of the crystalline forms of drugs is, indeed, lacking in patent applications.

Assessment of analytical techniques for characterization of crystalline clopidogrel forms in patent applications

The aim of this study was to evaluate two important aspects of patent applications of crystalline forms of drugs: (i) the physicochemical characterization of the crystalline forms; and (ii) the procedure for preparing crystals of the blockbuster drug clopidogrel. To this end, searches were conducted using online patent databases. The results showed that: (i) the majority of patent applications for clopidogrel crystalline forms failed to comply with proposed Brazilian Patent Office guidelines. This was primarily due to insufficient number of analytical techniques evaluating the crystalline phase. In addition, some patent applications lacked assessment of chemical/crystallography purity; (ii) use of more than two analytical techniques is important; and (iii) the crystallization procedure for clopidogrel bisulfate form II were irreproducible based on the procedure given in the patent application.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar dois aspectos importantes em um pedido de patente de formas cristalinas de fármacos: (i) caracterização físico-química das formas cristalinas e (ii)o procedimento de preparo da forma II do fármaco clopidogrel, um blockbuster de vendas. Realizaram-se buscas em bancos de dados patentários on line. Os resultados mostraram que (i) a maioria dos pedidos de patente de formas cristalinas do clopidogrel não se adequam com proposta do INPI devido ao número insuficiente de técnicas analíticas utilizadas na caracterização da fase cristalina. Ainda, em alguns pedidos de patente não há a presença da avaliação da pureza química/cristalográfica; (ii) a importância de se utilizar mais de duas técnicas de avaliação e (iii) que não foi possível a reprodução da cristalização com o procedimento apresentado no pedido de patente.

Avaliação da adequação técnica de indústrias de medicamentos fitoterápicos e oficinais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Assessment of the technical adequacy of phytotherapeutics and officinal medicine manufacturers in the State of Rio de Janeiro

Neste trabalho, buscou-se determinar o perfil de indústrias farmacêuticas dedicadas à fabricação e fracionamento de medicamentos fitoterápicos e oficinais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro por informações do CVS-RJ. Foram identificadas 48 empresas com atividades relacionadas à fabricação e/ou fracionamento e distribuição de medicamentos oficinais e fitoterápicos e analisadas no grau de adequação à legislação sanitária vigente, cumprimento de boas práticas de fabricação vigentes, bem como às questões relacionadas ao registro de produtos; as principais irregularidades foram o fluxo de pessoal e controle de qualidade adequado. Constatou-se que há atualmente empresas em situação: satisfatória (29,2 por cento), satisfatórias com restrições (10,4 por cento), insatisfatórias (6,2 por cento), interditadas (39,6 por cento), e solicitantes do cancelamento do processo por não terem condições para o cumprimento da RDC nº 210/03 (14,6 por cento). Segundo o quadro atual, ainda é grande o número de empresas com atividades relacionadas à fabricação e/ou fracionamento e distribuição de medicamentos fitoterápicos e oficinais em fase de adequação ou em condições não adequadas no Rio de Janeiro. Ao mesmo tempo, é pouco factível a adequação, frente ao tipo de produto e porte financeiro, apontando um prognóstico desfavorável para o setor em questão.

In this study we evaluated the current profile of manufacturers of officinal medicines and phytotherapeutics in relation to the Brazilian regulatory legislation. Forty-eight industries involved in manufacture and distribution of officinal medicines and phytotherapeutics were identified in one hundred current administrative processes of the National Health Surveillance Agency in Brazil. The analysis of the inspection reports of these companies considered the first nine months after the implantation of Resolution RDC 210/03 and revealed five specific company profiles: satisfactory (29.2 percent), satisfactory with restrictions (10.4 percent), unsatisfactory (6.2 percent), interdicted (39.6 percent), and applying for cancellation due to lack of conditions for complying with Resolution RDC 210/03 (14.6 percent). The main irregularities found in these companies involved the operational flow, quality control and product registration issues. Our results revealed a great number of companies whose activities are related to the production of officinal medicines and phytotherapeutics but that are still not totally adequate to the industrial park of Rio de Janeiro. The perspectives for the future of this category of industries are thus not favorable because of their difficulties to meet the current requirements.

[Assessment of the technical adequacy of phytotherapeutics and officinal medicine manufacturers in the State of Rio de Janeiro]. / Avaliação da adequação técnica de indústrias de medicamentos fitoterápicos e oficinais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

In this study we evaluated the current profile of manufacturers of officinal medicines and phytotherapeutics in relation to the Brazilian regulatory legislation. Forty-eight industries involved in manufacture and distribution of officinal medicines and phytotherapeutics were identified in one hundred current administrative processes of the National Health Surveillance Agency in Brazil. The analysis of the inspection reports of these companies considered the first nine months after the implantation of Resolution RDC 210/03 and revealed five specific company profiles: satisfactory (29.2%), satisfactory with restrictions (10.4%), unsatisfactory (6.2%), interdicted (39.6%), and applying for cancellation due to lack of conditions for complying with Resolution RDC 210/03 (14.6%). The main irregularities found in these companies involved the operational flow, quality control and product registration issues. Our results revealed a great number of companies whose activities are related to the production of officinal medicines and phytotherapeutics but that are still not totally adequate to the industrial park of Rio de Janeiro. The perspectives for the future of this category of industries are thus not favorable because of their difficulties to meet the current requirements.