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1.
Ann Ig ; 35(3): 282-296, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35861690

RESUMO

Background: The prevalence and mortality of sepsis in Internal Medicine Units (IMUs) is poorly understood as most of the data derive from studies conducted in Intensive Care Units. Aim of SEpsis Management in INternal medicine Apulia (SEMINA) study was to determine the prevalence of sepsis and the characteristics and outcomes of patients with Sepsis-3 criteria admitted in Apulia's Internal Medicine Units for over six months. Methods: The SEpsis Management in INternal medicine of Apulia study was a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Adult admissions to the 13 Apulia Region's Internal Medicine Units between November 15, 2018 and May 15, 2019 were screened for sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 criteria. Medical data were collected in electronic case report form. Results: Out of 7,885 adult patients of the Internal Medicine Units, 359 (4.55%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 65 of them (18.1%) met the septic shock criteria. The patients enrolled were elderly, suffering from chronic poly-pathologies and from cognitive and functional impairment. The respiratory system was the most common site of infection and the most common pathogens isolated from blood cultures were Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. The in-hospital fatality rate was 31.2% and was significantly higher for septic shock. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, dementia and infections from Acinetobacter spp. were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: A high prevalence of sepsis and a high fatality rate were detected in Apulia Region's Internal Medicine Units. The high fatality rate observed in our study could be related to the underlying diseases and to the vulnerability of elderly patients admitted to our Internal Medicine Units.


Assuntos
Sepse , Choque Séptico , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/epidemiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Sepse/terapia , Choque Séptico/epidemiologia , Choque Séptico/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/terapia , Prevalência
2.
Magn Reson Imaging ; 83: 139-151, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34454984

RESUMO

Wood is a hygroscopic, multi-scale and anisotropic natural material composed of pores with different size and differently oriented. In particular, archaeologically excavated wood generally is waterlogged wood with very high moisture content (400%-800%) that need to have a rapid investigation at the microstructural level to obtain the best treatment with preservative agents. Time-dependent diffusion coefficient D(t) quantified by Pulse Field Gradient (PFG) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques provides useful information about complex porous media, such as the tortuosity (τ) describing pore connectivity and fluid transport through media, the average-pore size, the anisotropic degree (an). However, diffusion NMR is intrinsically limited since it is an indirect measure of medium microstructure and relies on inferences from models and estimation of relevant diffusion parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to validate the information obtained from NMR diffusion parameters through complementary investigations. In this work, the structures of five waterlogged wood species were studied by PFG of absorbed water. D(t) and τ of water diffusing along and perpendicular to vessels/tracheids main axes together with relaxation times and an were quantified. From these parameters, the pore sizes distribution and the wood microstructure characterization were obtained. Results among wood species were compared, validated and integrated by micro-imaging NMR (µ-MRI), environmental-scanning electron-microscope (ESEM) images, wood dry density and imbibition times measurement of all woods. The work suggests that an vs τ rather than the estimated pore size diversifies and characterize the different wood species. As a consequence diffusion-anisotropy vs tortuosity could be an alternative method to characterize and differentiate wood species of waterlogged wood when high resolution images (µ-MRI and ESEM) are not available. Moreover, the combined use of D(t) and micro-MRI expands the scale of dimensions observable by NMR covering all the interesting length scales of wood.


Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Madeira , Difusão , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Porosidade
3.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 28(3): 846-853, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28805932

RESUMO

Muscle thickness (MT) measured by ultrasound has been used to estimate cross-sectional area (measured by CT and MRI) at a single time point. We tested whether MT could be used as a valid marker of MRI determined muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) and volume changes following resistance training (RT). Nine healthy, young, male volunteers (24 ± 2 y.o., BMI 24.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2 ) had vastus lateralis (VL) muscle volume (VOL) and ACSAmid (at 50% of femur length, FL) assessed by MRI, and VL MT measured by ultrasound at 50% FL. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of isokinetic RT. Differences between baseline and post-training were assessed by Student's paired t test. The relationships between MRI and ultrasound measurements were tested by Pearson's correlation. After RT, MT increased by 7.5 ± 6.1% (P < .001), ACSAmid by 5.2 ± 5% (P < .001), and VOL by 5.0 ± 6.9% (P < .05) (values: means ± SD). Positive correlations were found, at baseline and 12 weeks, between MT and ACSAmid (r = .82, P < .001 and r = .73, P < .001, respectively), and between MT and VOL (r = .76, P < .001 and r = .73, P < .001, respectively). The % change in MT with training was correlated with % change in ACSAmid (r = .69, P < .01), but not % change in VOL (r = .33, P > .05). These data support evidence that MT is a reliable index of muscle ACSAmid and VOL at a single time point. MT changes following RT are associated with parallel changes in muscle ACSAmid but not with the changes in VOL, highlighting the impact of RT on regional hypertrophy.


Assuntos
Anatomia Transversal , Hipertrofia , Força Muscular , Músculo Quadríceps/anatomia & histologia , Treinamento Resistido , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Quadríceps/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia , Adulto Jovem
4.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 27(5): 430-437, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28438373

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Malnutrition is frequent in heart failure (HF). However, the best tool for evaluating malnutrition in geriatric patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the incremental prognostic value of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in stable geriatric outpatients with HFrEF compared with a clinical/laboratory prognostic model. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 143 outpatients with HFrEF, aged >65 years, a LVEF <40%, and who were stable and on optimal therapy were studied. Follow-up lasted 3 years. The outcome was all-cause death. The GNRI was calculated as follows: [(1.489 × serum albumin (g/L)) + (41.7 × (current body weight/ideal weight)]. The 3-year death rate was 36.4% and 16 (11.2%) patients were at risk of malnutrition (GNRI ≤98). Deceased patients had a lower GNRI (113.6 ± 9.1 vs. 105.6 ± 9.2; p < 0.001) than did survivors. Greater values of the GNRI (hazard ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90-0.95; p < 0.001) and GNRI >98 (hazard ratio = 0.29, 95% CI 0.15-0.57; p < 0.001) were associated with better survival. These factors remained significant after adjustment of significant confounders. The GNRI was a better discriminator of death than weight and albumin. Adding the GNRI to the clinical/laboratory predictor survival model significantly increased the c-statistics from 0.93 to 0.95 (p < 0.001) and the chi-square likelihood ratio test from 106.15 to 119.9. CONCLUSION: The risk of malnutrition, as assessed by the GNRI, in stable geriatric outpatients with HFrEF is a strong independent predictor of survival. The GNRI adds significant prognostic information to the clinical/laboratory model.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Peso Corporal , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/mortalidade , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Modelos Biológicos , Análise Multivariada , Portugal , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Albumina Sérica/análise , Albumina Sérica Humana , Volume Sistólico , Fatores de Tempo , Função Ventricular Esquerda
5.
Diabet Med ; 34(6): 834-838, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27990686

RESUMO

AIM: To validate the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS) 31, in its Italian version, for the diagnosis of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in a clinic-based, single-centre study. METHODS: A total of 73 participants with diabetes (age 55 ± 14 years) completed the COMPASS 31 questionnaire before undergoing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetic polyneuropathy assessment according to cardiovascular reflex tests, neuropathic symptoms and signs, and vibration and thermal thresholds. RESULTS: The COMPASS 31 total weighted score differed between participants with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (29.9 ± 19.5 vs 16.1 ± 14.7; P = 0.003) and with and without diabetic polyneuropathy (28.9 ± 19.1 vs 12.7 ± 11.3; P < 0.0001). It was related to cardiovascular reflex tests score (rho = 0.38, P = 0.0013) as well as diabetic polyneuropathy symptoms (rho=0.61, P < 0.0001) and signs scores (rho = 0.49, P < 0.0001). Receiver-operating curve analysis showed a fair diagnostic accuracy of total score for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (area under the curve 0.748 ± 0.068, 95% CI 0.599-0.861) and diabetic polyneuropathy (area under the curve 0.742 ± 0.061, 95% CI 0.611-0.845). The best score thresholds were 16 for early cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 64.9%, positive predictive value 37.5% and negative predictive value 90.2%), and 17 for both confirmed cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetic polyneuropathy (sensitivity 70.0% and 65.5%, respectively; specificity 66.7% and 79.5%, respectively; positive predictive value 25.0% and 67.9%, respectively; and negative predictive value 93.0% and 77.8%, respectively). COMPASS 31 had a good internal consistency according to Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.73. CONCLUSIONS: COMPASS 31 can represent a valid, easy-to-use, quantitative assessment tool for autonomic symptoms in diabetic neuropathy, with a fair diagnostic accuracy for both cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetic polyneuropathy.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/diagnóstico , Angiopatias Diabéticas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neuropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Endócrino , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Neurológico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Projetos de Pesquisa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
6.
Tunis Med ; 79(2): 104-10, 2001 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11414055

RESUMO

Taking 33 patients having pure MI as a material, the authors find a correlation between regurgitation fraction obtained by calculation of outputs estimated by Touch's method and angiographic values. There is a statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) between regurgitation fraction of grade I to II and grade II to III MI. The ratio mitral integral time velocity (ITV) to Aortic (ITV) is an important semi-quantitative assessment of pure MI. In fact, a ratio > 1.3 identify important degree of MI with 82% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The authors estimate that there is a correlation between the ratio of regurgitant jet surface to left atrial surface found in TEE and their degree of MI in angiography with a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the ratio of grade I to II and grade II to III MI in angiography. A ratio higher than 40% allow to identify grade III MI at minimum.


Assuntos
Ecocardiografia Doppler , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Estatística como Assunto
7.
Cancer ; 53(11): 2388-92, 1984 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6424925

RESUMO

One hundred thirty-nine patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy kept diaries of nonmedical expenses resulting from their disease and its treatment. Diaries were kept for both treatment and nontreatment weeks. Results showed that the mean cost to patients and their families for treatment weeks was $72.81, and for nontreatment weeks it was $45.88. Approximately 45% of these costs were out-of-pocket expenses, and 55% were wages lost. Transportation and food were the largest out-of-pocket expenses. Patients living at greater distance from treatment had higher out-of-pocket costs, and younger patients reported more wages lost. Fourteen percent of the patients were estimated to be spending more than 50% of their weekly incomes on nonmedical expenses, and these patients were found largely in the lower-income categories. A method is proposed for using these data to estimate total nonmedical expenses for different treatment regimens, and also for estimating cancer patients' total nonmedical costs nationally.


Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial , Gastos em Saúde , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Alimentos/economia , Humanos , Renda , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Meios de Transporte/economia , Estados Unidos
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