[Assessment of the lagging effect of vegetation response and loss probability in the Pearl River basin under drought stress]. / å¹²æ—±èƒè¿«ä¸‹ç æ±ŸæµåŸŸæ¤è¢«å“åº”çš„æ»žåŽæ•ˆåº”åŠæŸå¤±æ¦‚çŽ‡è¯„ä¼°.

We quantified the lag time of vegetation response to drought in the Pearl River basin (PRB) based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and constructed a vegetation loss probability model under drought stress based on the Bayesian theory and two-dimensional joint distribution. We further quantitatively evaluated the spatial variations of loss probability of four vegetation types (evergreen broadleaf forest, mixed forest, grassland, and cropland) under different drought intensities. The results showed that the drought risk in eastern West River, the upper reaches of North River and East River, and southern Pearl River Delta was obviously higher than that in other regions during 1982-2020. The response time of vegetation to drought in high-altitude areas in the upper reaches of PRB (mostly<3 month) was generally shorter than that in low altitude areas (>8 month). Drought exacerbated the probability of vegetation loss, with higher vulnerability of mixed forest than the other three vegetation types. The loss probability of vegetation was lower in northwestern PRB than that in central PRB.

Mechanism and ecological environmental risk assessment of peroxymonosulfate for the treatment of heavy metals in soil.

Oxidation technologies based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have been effectively used for the remediation of soil organic pollutants due to their high efficiency. However, the effects of advanced PMS-based oxidation technologies on other soil pollutants, such as heavy metals, remain unknown. In this study, changes in the form of heavy metals in soil after using PMS and the risk of pollution to the ecological environment were investigated. Furthermore, two risk assessment methods, the mung bean germination toxicity test and groundwater leaching soil column test, were employed to evaluate the soil before and after PMS treatment. The results showed that PMS has a strong ability to degrade complex compounds, enabling the transformation of heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, and Zn, from stable to active states in the soil. The risk assessments showed that PMS treatment activated heavy metals in the soil, which delayed the growth of plants, increased heavy metal content in plant tissues and the risk of groundwater pollution. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the effects of PMS on soil, thus facilitating the sustained and reliable development of future research in the field of advanced oxidation applied to soil treatment.

Assessment of blood one-carbon metabolism indexes during mid-to-late pregnancy in 397 Chinese pregnant women.

Objectives: One-carbon metabolism (OCM) significantly influences fetal growth and neurodevelopment through transferring methyl group to biomolecules, during which folate, methionine, choline and betaine function as methyl donor nutrients, while vitamin B2, B6, B12 function as enzyme cofactors, and homocysteine (Hcy) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) are functional metabolites. This study aimed to assess blood OCM index levels and explore their relationships among Chinese pregnant women. Methods: Data were obtained from the baseline of the Mother-Child Nutrition and Health Cohort Study. Pregnant women, voluntarily recruited from September 2020 to June 2022 during antenatal examinations in five Chinese cities at 24-32 gestational weeks, provided fasting venous blood samples. Measurements included RBC and serum folate, serum vitamin B2, B6, B12, choline, betaine, methionine, total Hcy (tHcy), and plasma SAM. Sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy-related conditions were collected via a self-designed questionnaire. Results: Of 397 participants, 82.6% were in mid-pregnancy (24-27 gestational weeks) and 17.4% were in late-pregnancy (28-32 gestational weeks). Serum folate, vitamin B6, and B12 deficiencies were 2.5, 1.3, and 8.3%, respectively. Elevated tHcy (≥10 µmol/L) was observed in 1.8% of pregnant women. Elderly pregnant women (aged 35 and above) exhibited significantly lower serum methionine levels (p < 0.05), while multiparous women had lower RBC folate levels (p < 0.05), and lower serum methionine and vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.10, not statistically significant). Partial correlation analysis revealed positive associations between RBC folate and cofactor vitamin B12 (r = 0.244, p < 0.05) in the folate cycle, as well as significant correlations between two methyl donor paths [serum folate was significantly related to serum choline (r = 0.172) and betaine (r = 0.193)]. As functional biomarkers of OCM, serum tHcy exhibited negative associations with RBC folate (ß = -0.330, p < 0.05) and vitamin B6 (ß = -0.317, p < 0.05), and plasma SAM displayed a positive association with serum betaine (ß = 0.610, p < 0.05), while negatively associated with serum vitamin B6 (ß = -0.181, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The blood OCM exhibited imbalances during mid-to-late pregnancy, characterized by lower levels of folate, vitamin B6, and B12, alongside elevated tHcy levels. Adequate folate and vitamin B6 emerged as significant predictors of lower tHcy levels. Additionally, serum betaine showed a positive correlation with plasma SAM. This suggests the importance of not only ensuring sufficient folate but also optimizing other OCM-related nutrients throughout pregnancy.

Alisol B 23-acetate promotes white adipose tissue browning to mitigate high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating mTOR-SREBP1 signaling.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a global health concern with management strategies encompassing bariatric surgery and anti-obesity drugs; however, concerns regarding complexities and side effects persist, driving research for more effective, low-risk strategies. The promotion of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has emerged as a promising approach. Moreover, alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) has demonstrated efficacy in addressing metabolic disorders, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in obesity management. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of AB23A for mitigating obesity by regulating metabolic phenotypes and lipid distribution in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS: An obesity mouse model was established by administration of an HFD. Glucose and insulin metabolism were assessed via glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Adipocyte size was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of browning markers in WAT was evaluated using Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Metabolic cage monitoring involved the assessment of various parameters, including food and water intake, energy metabolism, respiratory exchange rates, and physical activity. Moreover, oil red O staining was used to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation. A bioinformatic analysis tool for identifying the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine was used to examine AB23A targets and associated signaling pathways. RESULTS: AB23A administration significantly reduced the weight of obese mice, decreased the mass of inguinal WAT, epididymal WAT, and perirenal adipose tissue, improved glucose and insulin metabolism, and reduced adipocyte size. Moreover, treatment with AB23A promoted the expression of browning markers in WAT, enhanced overall energy metabolism in mice, and had no discernible effect on food intake, water consumption, or physical activity. In 3T3-L1 cells, AB23A inhibited lipid accumulation, and both AB23A and rapamycin inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin-sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (mTOR-SREBP1) signaling pathway. Furthermore, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin, at concentrations of 0.25 mmol/L, 0.25 µmol/L and 1 µg/mL, respectively, induced activation of the mTOR-SREBP1 signaling pathway, which was further strengthened by an mTOR activator MHY1485. Notably, MHY1485 reversed the beneficial effects of AB23A in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSION: AB23A promoted WAT browning by inhibiting the mTOR-SREBP1 signaling pathway, offering a potential strategy to prevent obesity. Please cite this article as: Han LL, Zhang X, Zhang H, Li T, Zhao YC, Tian MH, Sun FL, Feng B. Alisol B 23-acetate promotes white adipose tissue browning to mitigate high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating mTOR-SREBP1 signaling. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(1): 83-92.

A low-cost and portable fluorometer based on an optical pick-up unit for chlorophyll-a detection.

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) fluorescence detection is an important technique for monitoring water quality. In this work, we proposed an approach that employs the mass-produced low-cost optical pick-up unit (OPU) extracted from the high-definition digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) drive as the key optical component for our chlorophyll-a fluorometer. The built-in blue-violet 405 nm laser diode of the OPU acts as the excitation light to perform laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The laser driver and a series of intrinsic lenses within the OPU, such as an objective lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.65 and a collimating lens, help reduce the size, cost, and system complexity of the fluorometer. By integrating off-the-shelf electronic components, miniaturized optical setups, and 3D-printed assemblies, we have developed a low-cost, easy-to-make, standalone, and portable fluorometer. Finally, we validated the performance of the device for chlorophyll-a fluorescence detection under laboratory and on-site conditions, which demonstrated its great potential in water monitoring applications. The limit of detection (LOD) for chlorophyll-a is 0.35 µg/L, the size of the device is 151 × 100 × 80 mm3, and the total cost of the proposed fluorometer is as low as 137.5 USD. © 2023 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.

Can digital economy improve employment structure?-Mediating effect based on a spatial Durbin model.

Based on the panel data of 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this study constructed an index measurement system of digital economy, economic agglomeration, innovation and entrepreneurship, and employment structure. The index of digital economy was developed by entropy weight method, and the double-fixed spatial Durbin model was constructed based on the intermediary effect from the spatial perspective to determine the direct effect, indirect effect, and total effect of the digital economy, economic agglomeration degree, and innovation and entrepreneurship on employment structure. The results indicated a significant spatial correlation between the three aspects, i.e., digital economy can significantly optimize the employment structure, with an evident spillover effect. The mechanism analysis revealed that the level of innovation and entrepreneurship poses a stronger intermediary effect than the degree of economic agglomeration, and the digital economy in the eastern region directly impacts the urban employment structure; however, the influence of digital economy on the employment structure is significantly higher in small- and medium-sized cities than in large-sized cities.

Association of carbohydrate intake from different sources with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among chronic kidney disease populations: assessment of 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participation.

This study analysed the data from the NHANES (1999-2018) to examine how different sources of carbohydrate intake affected the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of 11,302 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The data were adjusted for other factors using various methods. The results showed that CKD patients (stages 1-2 and 3-5) who consumed more carbohydrates from whole grains, fruits, vegetables and less carbohydrates from fruit juice or sauces had lower mortality rates. Replacing fat intake with carbohydrates from whole grains (HR = 0.86[0.78-0.95]), fruits (raw) (HR = 0.79[0.70-0.88]) and non-starchy vegetables (HR = 0.82[0.70-0.96]), but not protein intake, was linked to lower all-cause mortality. The fibre content in carbohydrates might partly account for the benefits of selected carbohydrate intake. This study provided practical recommendations for optimising the carbohydrate sources in CKD patients.

[Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Shijiazhuang, a Typical City in North China Plain].

Increasing attention has been paid to the heavy metal pollution in groundwater. The source analysis and risk assessment of heavy metals will provide data and method support for the targeted control of heavy metal pollution in groundwater. In this study, 20 sampling sites were selected in Shijiazhuang City. The APCS-MLR model and health risk model were applied to analyze and evaluate the pollution sources and health risks of 10 types of heavy metals in the groundwater of Shijiazhuang. The results showed that ① the mean concentration of heavy metals in groundwater followed the order of Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Al>Pb>Cr>As>Cd>Hg, and the mean ρ(Fe) and ρ(Pb) were 260.3 µg·L-1 and 10.01 µg·L-1, respectively. According to the results of the single factor and Nemerow index, Pb, Fe, and Cd primarily contributed to the heavy metal pollution in the groundwater. ② The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 47.30 to 2560 µg·L-1. In terms of spatial distribution, the highest concentration appeared at S3 (2560 µg·L-1), whereas the lowest concentration was at S9 (47.30 µg·L-1). ③ Source analysis results showed that industrial and agricultural activities, transportation emission, and geological background were the major heavy metal sources, among which the contribution of industrial and agricultural activities was the highest (47.83%). ④ The industrial-agricultural activities posed a potential threat to adults (HI>1); however, the non-cancer and the cancer risks of other sources for both adults and children were at an acceptable level (HI<1) and potential threat level, respectively; industrial-agricultural activities were the major source of non-cancer (adults:52.46%, children:52.45%) and cancer risks (adults:65.22%, children:65.69%), among which Cd and As showed high cancer risk. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the groundwater environment, strictly controlling the pollution sources and further strengthening the risk control of heavy metal pollution in groundwater are necessary.

Economic evaluation of four treatment strategies for postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis and a recent fracture in mainland China: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis who have a recent fracture are at very high risk of fracture, and this study finds that stratified treatment based on fracture risk would be a cost-effective treatment option for this population. PURPOSE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four anti-osteoporosis medications (denosumab, zoledronate, teriparatide, and alendronate) for postmenopausal osteoporotic women in mainland China, using a stratified treatment strategy recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE). METHODS: A microsimulation Markov model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of the four treatments in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients of different ages (65, 70, 75, and 80 years), with a recent fracture from the Chinese healthcare perspective. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which represent the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) obtained. One-way deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were performed to assess the robustness of model findings. RESULTS: Alendronate was dominated by denosumab-to-alendronate and zoledronate at all ages examined, indicating that the costs of the two drugs were lower, but QALYs was greater. However, teriparatide-to-alendronate yielded an ICER of $76,432.07/ QALY, compared with alendronate at age 65, which exceeded the pre-determined willingness-to-pay threshold of $37,653/ QALY. The results were similar at other ages. The DSA showed that the most sensitive parameters were drug efficacy for vertebral and wrist fractures, the relative risk of vertebral fractures, and the persistence of the drugs. The PSA showed that zoledronate had a 100% probability of being the most cost-effective treatment, with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $37,653/ QALY. CONCLUSION: Stratified treatment based on very high fracture risk is more cost-effective than conventional pills in mainland China. Among the stratified treatments, zoledronate is the optimal option.

[Selection and Evaluation of Model Pollutants for Performance Assessment of Advanced Treatment of Industrial Park Wastewater by Ozonation].

Ozonation has gradually become a routine process for advanced wastewater treatment. During the technology innovation on the advanced treatment of wastewater by ozonation, researchers have to assess the performance of abundant new technologies, new reactors, and new materials. However, they are usually puzzled by the rational selection of model pollutants to assess the capability of such new technologies to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) of practical wastewater. It is unclear how well the various model pollutants reported in the literature could represent the COD/TOC removal of actual wastewater. The rational selection and evaluation of model pollutants for advanced treatment of industrial wastewater is of great significance in establishing the technological standard system for advanced treatment of wastewater via ozonation. Herein, the aqueous solutions (including unbuffered solutions and bicarbonate-buffered solutions) of 19 model pollutants and four practical secondary effluents from industrial parks were investigated through ozonation under identical conditions. The similarity in COD/TOC removal of the above wastewater/solutions were evaluated using mainly clustering analysis. The results showed that the dissimilarity among the model pollutants was greater than that among the actual wastewaters, thus enabling the rational selection of several model pollutants to assess the performance of advanced treatment of wastewater using ozonation by different technologies. The errors of predicting the COD removal of secondary sedimentation tank effluent by ozonation in 60 min using the unbuffered aqueous solutions of ketoprofen (KTP), dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and sulfamethazine (SMT) were less than 9%, and those using the bicarbonate-buffered solutions of phenacetin (PNT), SMT, and sucralose were less than 5%. The evolution of pH by using the bicarbonate-buffered solutions was more similar to that in practical wastewater than by using unbuffered aqueous solutions. In the similarity evaluation of COD/TOC removal between the bicarbonate-buffered solutions and the practical wastewaters, the results were almost the same whether considering different input ozone concentration conditions. Therefore, the protocol proposed in this study based on similarity evaluation to assess the performance treating actual wastewater could be extended to different ozone concentration conditions with certain universality.

[Spatial-temporal Distribution and Risk Assessment of Quinolones Antibiotics in Soil of Shijiazhuang City].

Due to their importance in human medicine, quinolones (QNs), as a typical class of antibiotics, are considered to be the "highest priority critically important antimicrobials" by the World Health Organization (WHO). In order to clarify the spatial-temporal variation and risk of QNs in soil, 18 representative topsoil samples were respectively collected in September 2020 (autumn) and June 2021 (summer). The contents of QNs antibiotics in soil samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and the ecological risk and resistance risk were calculated using the risk quotient method (RQ). The results showed that:① the average content of QNs decreased from autumn to summer (the average contents of QNs were 94.88 µg·kg-1in autumn and 44.46 µg·kg-1 in summer); the highest values appeared in the middle area. ② The average proportion of silt was without change, whereas the average proportion of clay and sand was increased and decreased, respectively; the average contents of total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) also decreased. ③ The content of QNs was significantly correlated with soil particle size, nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) (P<0.05). ④ The combined ecological risk of QNs showed high risk level (RQsum>1), whereas the combined resistance risk of QNs showed medium risk level (0.1

Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of quinolone antibiotics in municipal sewage sludges throughout China.

A nationwide study of the occurrence, distribution, potential drivers, and ecological risks of 24 quinolone antibiotics (QNs) in 74 Chinese sludge samples from 48 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was conducted. In domestic sludge, the ∑QNs concentrations were  3rd-generation QNs > 4th-generation QNs > 1st-generation QNs. Meanwhile, abundant veterinary and human/veterinary quinolones (

[Guideline for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine (2022 version)].

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.

Waste reclamation from municipal solid waste for the cost-efficient treatment of landfill leachate with a novel biological trickle reactor system.

Mature landfill leachate (MLL) would be a tough nut to crack, how to realize waste reclamation while deal with the intractable by-products deserves for more considerations. In this study, a novel system, equipped with two biological trickle reactors developed by inert wastes and a connected organic feeder using waste-recycling rotten banana powder, was established for treating MLL. Results indicated that superior pollutant removal performance and long-term stability were achieved by this system, with only COD and TN concentrations slightly higher than the relevant standard limits. But the shortage about poor resistance to shock pollution loads, was underlined by the fluctuation of water quality. Anaerobic condition and carbon source supplementation contributed to more microbial similarities but less community richness and diversity among inert fillings, and the selective enrichment of denitrification and organic-degrading strains simultaneously occurred. The comparisons with common processes demonstrated that this system was a cost-efficient choice for MLL treatment.

Investigation of a Mask Fitness Test Based on Self-Efficacy and Diversified Training in the Assessment System for Nosocomial Infection Training.

Objective: To explore a mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training in the assessment system for nosocomial infection training. Methods: From March 15 to April 5, 2022, 442 staff members (272 male and 170 female) of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen who planned to enter the quarantine ward for secondary protection skill training assessment were selected. They comprised 56 doctors, 31 medical technicians, 72 nurses, and 283 property logistics staff. During the mask fitness test, a diversified training model based on self-efficacy was adopted to observe the passing status, the identification and selection of mask models, the method of mask-wearing, the fit between the mask and the face, and the changes in self-efficacy. Results: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the passing rate of the mask fitness test was correlated with the identification and selection of mask models, the method of wearing masks, the fit between the mask and the face, and the diversified training, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference in the self-efficacy in the test takers between those before and after the mask fitness test was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training might improve the passing rate, the rate of correct mask model identification and selection, the rate of correct mask-wearing, and the degree of facial fit, thus to enhance the awareness of protection and improve self-efficacy.

Renewable energy, industrial upgradation, and import-export quality: green finance and CO2 emission reduction nexus.

There has been a steady decline in carbon dioxide emissions in the world's 19 most industrialized nations even as GDP has increased. These nations' efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, therefore, to reduction of CO2 and development of renewable energy are the objective of this research. With the years 1995-2019 as a point of reference, we have selected gross domestic product, GDP, RE, industrial upgrading, and import and export as our independent variables. A panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method is utilized to investigate the links between carbon dioxide emission and these independent variables. For the purpose of determining the direction of causation, the panel heterogeneous causality test is used. RE and standards of export and import were shown to be contributing variables in the decrease of carbon dioxide emissions. The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis was validated by the estimated findings. Increased carbon dioxide emissions are countered by the positive impulses of technological progress, such as R&D development spending and standards of import and export index. Industrial upgrading and emissions of carbon dioxide, gross domestic product and RE, and industrial upgrading and emissions of carbon dioxide, all have a bidirectional causal link. In particular, a one-way causality between gross domestic product and emissions of carbon dioxide, standards of imports and exports, and industrial upgrading, and industrial upgrading and standards of imports and exports is demonstrated. Following the results, policy suggestions are put out.

Mental health resources and its equity in Central South of China: A case study of Hunan Province.

OBJECTIVES: Mental health resources are an important basis for coping with mental health services. The equity is an important index of a reasonable allocation of health resources. This study aims to evaluate the mental health resources and its equity allocation in Hunan Province, which is one of the typical central south areas of China, so as to provide reference for the development of mental health in China and other areas. METHODS: Data related to mental health resources was obtained from the Project of Mental Health Resources in Hunan Province, which was conducted by the Department of Hunan Mental Health Center in 2019. The Gini coefficient, the Theil index and other indicators were employed to quantitatively evaluate the equity of mental health resources' allocation. RESULTS: By the end of 2018, there were a total of 141 mental health institutions in Hunan Province of China, the bed density was 5.31 beds per 10,000 people, the ratio of doctors to nurses was 2.20, the number of outpatients of mental health institutions was 1288,047 per year. The mental health resources' allocation in terms of demographic dimension were in a preferred status with the Gini values all less than 0.3, and the Gini values for mental health resources`allocation in terms of geographical dimension ranged from 0.24 to 0.35. The Theil index for mental health allocation in terms of demographic dimension was lower than 0.05, and the Theil index for mental health allocation in terms of geographical dimension ranged from 0.04 to 0.11. CONCLUSIONS: The shortage of mental health resources is still the priority issue to be increased and optimized by policy-makers in Hunan in the future, especially the human resources. Moreover, the utilization of mental health resources was low though its equity was fair. Policy-makers need to consider the high utilization and geographical accessibility of health resources among different regions to ensure people in different regions could get access to available health services.

[Ecological Risk Assessment of Quinolones Antibiotics and the Correlation Analysis Between QNs and Physical-Chemical Parameters in Groundwater, Shijiazhuang City].

Most studies on antibiotics in groundwater have focused on pollution characteristics, whereas less attention has been paid to the ecological risks of antibiotics and the correlation to environmental parameters. In this study, the groundwater in Shijiazhuang City was selected as the research area. Through high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), the concentration of quinolones (QNs) in the groundwater was analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted between QNs concentrations and physical-chemical parameters. The results showed that:① the detection frequency of flumequine (FLU) was the highest (100%), followed by enoxacin (ENO) (80.0%) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) (75.0%). ② The concentration of QNs ranged from 3.02 to 98.5 ng·L-1; in terms of spatial distribution, the highest concentration of QNs appeared at S4 (98.5 ng·L-1), whereas the lowest concentration was exhibited at S19 (3.02 ng·L-1). ③ Temperature (T), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total number of colonies (BCTC), and pH were significantly correlated with QNs (P<0.01 or P<0.05) based on correlation analysis. ④ For the spatial distribution of ecological risk, the results showed that the ecological risk at S4 was high, whereas the risks for other sites were low. For the type of QNs, ciprofloxacin (CIP) was at a medium-high risk level, whereas the other QNs were at a low-risk level. Thus, in order to guarantee the ecological safety of groundwater in Shijiazhuang City, more attention should be paid to the risk management and control of antibiotics in groundwater in the future.

A Public Health-Oriented New Energy Industry Competitiveness Evaluation.

This paper develops a regional new energy industry (NEI) competitiveness evaluation index system based on the theoretical framework of the "diamond model" and the unique characteristics of the new energy industry and made an empirical analysis of Jilin province with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The analysis results show that the new energy industry in Jilin Province has a good foundation, and the government's role, talent support, technological innovation, and market factors are acceptable. However, due to location factors and resource endowments, regional GDP and per capita consumption expenditure are low. The lack of intrinsic motivation of industrial competitive advantage has resulted in the poor overall competitiveness of the new energy industry in Jilin Province. Then, it is advised to take targeted measures to work closely with national NEI development strategy, optimize the industrial technology innovation ability and the talent support, actively guide social capital flows and new energy consumption, optimize regional energy consumption structure and industrial structure by creating a complete NEI chain, and revitalize the whole economy.

[Clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine based on EVIDEM].

The clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine is an important direction in the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which positively promotes the development of TCM industry. The evaluation system of Chinese patent medicine is helpful to comprehensively evaluate the clinical value of different Chinese patent medicine in the same category, different dosage forms, and specifications, from different manufacturers on the basis of evidence and value. The establishment of a scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation index system for Chinese patent medicine is an important prerequisite to ensure clinical value. However, there has been neither a recognized systematic review on the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine nor a methodological system used for reference. The evidence and value: impact on decision-making(EVIDEM), developed by the international research team, is used to evaluate the comprehensive value of medical interventions. EVIDEM provides a methodological tool for scientific decision-making to evaluate evidence and value for health technologies on the basis of the multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model and health technology assessment(HTA). Based on the ongoing EVIDEM research, the present study put forward that EVIDEM-based clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine consisted of four aspects, seven modules, and ten steps, which is expected to references and practical experience for the follow-up comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine in the TCM field.